哈佛幸福课第六课英文字幕.docx

哈佛幸福课第六课英文字幕.docx

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哈佛幸福课第六课英文字幕

PositivePsychology–Lecture6

Hopeyouhadawonderfullongweekend.So,let'sjumprightintoit.Sowheredidweleavelasttime?

Lasttimewetalkedaboutthepowerofthesituation,wetalkabouthowbeliefsbecomeself-fulfillingprophesies.Andhowitisthroughthesituationthatweveryoftencreateexpectations,believesofpeople.Andthesebelievesbecomereality.AndwetalkedabouthowsocialpsychologyessentiallystartedwithsomeveryimportantexperimentsuchastheMilgrimeffect,orobediencetoauthority.SuchasZimbardo'sprisonexperiment,whereprisonerswereputinorplayed...studentsplaytheroleofprisonersortheroleofwardensandtheyactuallyenteredthatrolesototallythatafteraweektheexperimenthadtobestop,whenitwassupposetogoonfortwoweeks.Andthenthequestionweaskedwas,OK,soweknowthatthesituationispowerful.Weknowthatitmakesadifference.Canwealsocreateapowerful,positivesituationtobringoutthebestinpeople?

Andtheanswerisyes.AndwestartedtalkingaboutitandwetalkaboutprofessorLangerandherresearchandhowsheshowthatputtingum...elderlymeninanenvironmentwheretheywereactuallyorwheretheyactedasiftheywere20yearsyoungeractuallybecameyounger.Tothepointofhavinghigherlevelsofintelligence.Tothepointofimprovingtheirmemory.Improvingtheireyesight,improvingtheirhearing.Thedistancebetweenthebonesintheirfiguresactuallybecamelongerwhichisasignofyoungerage.Theywereratedbyothersaswellasbythemselvesasstrongerandyoungerjustbecausetheyactedasifitwas1959insteadofwhatitwasreallywas,whichwas1979.Thepowerofthepositivesituation.Andthenshedidanothermoreresearchonpeoplegoingforaneyesighttest,andputtheminasituationinaflightsimulator.Andtheexactsameeyesighttest,theyactuallyperformedbetterjustbecauseofthesituation.Andwemovedonthatwhatweendedlasttimebytalkingaboutpriming.Primingis...canbedoneintheconsciousorsubconsciouslevel.Itmeansplantingaseed,plantingabelief,plantingaword,orapictureinourmind,consciouslyorsubconsciously.Andhowthatactuallyinfluencesourbehavior.SoBargh,thattimeofNYU,didtheresearchwhereheprimedtopeoplewithwordsassociatedwithold.Wordsifyouremembersuchaswrinkles,wordssuchasold,wordssuchasFlorida.Andasaresultofthispriming,thoseparticipantsinthestudyactuallywalkedslower,oractuallyweremorestooped.Whenevaluatedbyresearcherswhowerenotawareoftheircondition,meaningtheydidn'tknowwhethertheywereprimedwithcontrolwords,justrandomwords,orwithwordsassociatedwithold.Soitwasjustthroughtheprimingthatpeopleactuallystartedtobehavedifferently.Thepowerofthesituation.Thepoweroftheenvironment.AndthenBarghtookitstepfurtherandsaid,OK,let'sprimethewithpositiveprimessuchasachievement,suchaspersistence,suchassuccess.Thesewords,forexample,theyhadtofindasynonymforthewordachievement.Thosewhoareprimedwiththesewordsonintelligencetestandonmemorytestactuallyperformedbetterthanthecontrolgroupwhowasn'tprimedwiththesewords.TwoDutchresearchers-Dijksterhuis&Knippensberg,whattheyfoundwasthattheybroughtpeople,andtheyaskthemtodescribeforfutureexperiment,notforthatexperiment.Forafutureexperiment,askthemtodescribeasoccerhooligan,asecretaryandaprofessor.Describethesethreearchetypes.Andtheytoldthemthisisforthenextexperimentwherewejustwantpeopletoevaluatethesearchetypes.Notknowingthatactuallybydescribingthesearchetypes,theseindividualswereprimed.Theywereprimedforasoccerhooligan,forasecretary,orforaprofessor.Andthentheyhavetodointelligencetestsafterwards,memorytestafterthoseprimes.Thosewhohadtodescribethedayofsoccerhooliganperformedtheworse.Intermsofmemory.Intermofintelligence.Thentherewasthesecretaryandthosewhoperformedthebestwerethosewhodescribedtheprofessor.Nowtheydidn'tstudyanyharderbefore.Nothingchangedexceptforthefactthattherewasaprime,thattherewassomethingplantedfromtheenvironmentintheirminds.Thequestionthenis,howcanwecreateapositiveenvironmentforourselves,whereweareprimedbythepositive,wherewecanbehappier,moresuccessfulandsoon.Andthere'smanywaysinwhichwecandoit.Letmeshareafew.Infactthere'sgoingtobeyourassignmentforthisweek,oroneoftheassignmentstocreateapositiveenvironment.

Soyouaresomeoftheexamples.Havepicturesofpeopleyouloveorplacesyoulove,theimportanceofthesethingsisthatevenifyoudon'tseethem,youseethem.Soonthesubconsciouslevelit'sstillthere.Eventhoughonthesubconsciouslevel,whenpeopleareprimed,theydon'treallysee...theword,sayachievementonthescreen,whenit'stherefor25mini-second,theydon'treallyseeit,butitregisters.Soevenifapictureisthereandyoudon't―really‖seeitornotreallyconsciousofit,mindfulofit,itstillhasaimpactonyou.Sohavepicturesofpeopleyoulove,havepleasantobject,whetherit'smemorabilia,whetherit'sflowers,whetherit'sart,yourfavoriteart.SoIhaveinmyhouse,andmyoffice,myfavoriteartonthewall,bymyfavoriteartists.Andletmesharewithyouafew.Iactuallybroughtthemhere.Theseareveryvaluable.Iinsuredthem,soit'snotaproblem.So...sothisis,um,thisspecificartistfromthefirstphaseofhiscareer,asyoucansee,youknow,verypowerfulstrokes,veryintense,verydeliberate,andjustgorgeous.Andhereis,bythesameartistfromthesecondphaseofhiscareer.Hereyoualreadybegintoseeimpressionistinfluenceonhiswork.Butstill,youknowyouseethesametrait,thesamepower,thesameintensity.SoIhavetheseonmywall.

There'sanewandupcomingartistwhoIwanttointroduceyouto.Shestilldoesn'thaveasecondphase,youknow,she'sonlyoneyear'sold.But,youknow,thisisaworkdonewiththehelpofherMom.Butagain,theseareonmywallandthey

remindmeeverydayevenI'veseenthemhundredsoftime,it'sstillthereandIthinkaboutmykids.AndIalsohaveother,youknow,lessknownartists'workonmywall.Again,thisis,probablynotheardofthisone,um,thisisRodin,TheThinker.And,soIhavethisonmywall,it'smyfavoritesculpture.AndthenIhaveanotherpiecebyRodinjusttoremindmethatit'snotallaboutthinking,thereareotherthingsthatmakelifemakelifeworthliving.SothisisRodin'sTheKiss,forthoseofyouwhoknowit.Andagainhavethesethingsonyourwallcreate（s）theenvironmentwhereyoufeelwarm,whereit'sfunforyoutobethere.Quotes,youknowIlovequotes,andIknowthatmanyofyoulovequotes.Someofyouhavesentmeyourfavoritequotes.IhaveonmywallalistofquotesandtheyarethereevenifIdon'tseethem,Iseethem.Soforexample,let'sseeifIbroughtsomehere.Yes,heretheyare.SooneisbyJohnQuincyAdams."Patienceandperseverancehaveamagicaleffectbeforewhichdifficultiesdisappearandobstaclesvanish".Soprimingtheissueofpersistence,bythewaywhichisonethingthatBarghdidit.Heprimedthatandpeopleactuallybecamemorepersistent.GeorgeEliot,oralsoknownasMaryAnneEvens,myfavoriteauthor.Shewrote,"Theimportantworkofmovingtheworldforwarddoesnotwaittobedonebyperfectmen‖.I'lltalkaboutperfectionismwhichisaveryimportant,verypersonalthingformeinaboutthreeweeks.Sosheisaverymucharolemodel.Camus,"Inthedepthofwinter,Ifinallylearnedthattherewaswithinmeaninvinciblesummer".Aquotethathashelpedmethroughdifficult,throughhardtimes.HenryDavidThoreau,"Ifoneadvancesconfidentlyinthedirectionofhisdreams,andendeavorstolivethelifewhichhehasimagined,hewillmeetwithsuccess,unexpectedincommonhours".Again,Ihavethesequotesuponmywall,andafewothers,thatmanyofthequotesthatyou'veseeninthecourse.Andtheyprimeme,theyremindme,theycreatetheenvironmentforme.We'lltalkaboutartinthenextsection,anditsimportance.Haveyoufavoritebooksnexttoyou.Listentomusic,butlistentoitmindfully,not

justasbackgroundmusicbutthemusicthatinspiresyou,whetherit'srocky,whetherit'sEminem,whoeveritis.Watchfilmsthatinspireyou,allthesethingshelpyoutocreateanenvironmentthatisconducivetogrowth,tosuccess,towellbeing.Alotofthisisdoneonthesubconsciouslevelwhichisthepowerofthepriming.Aprimingstudies.Andfinallythisiswhatpositiveresearchisabout.Ifweconstantlyfocuson"negative"research,anxiety,depression,schizophrenia,weareprimedbythisresearch,weareprimedbythiswork.Anditcreatesreality.Youknow,thisindirectlyandconjunctionallyrelatesto,someofyoumayknow,theIsenbergprinciple,isthatwhenyoumeasureaphenomenon,youarechangingthephenomenon;whenyouaremeasuringaphenomenon,youarealsochangingyourself.Sobyresearchingthepositivewearealsoprimingourselveswiththepositive.Now,alotofthisworkthatI'mtalkingabouttodayandI'lltalkaboutnexttimeactuallycomesfromtheself-helpmovement.Inmanywaystheself-helpmovementwasfounded,wasstartedinthe20thcentury...wasstartedwiththeunderstandingthatwecreatetheworldthroughourthinking,thatourmindcreatestheworld.Andbookslikethesecameout,backinthe1930's,ThinkingGrowRich.

Thisbooksince1930'ssoldover60millioncopies.It'sstillselling.It'sselling,it'sthebestsellerintheUS,it'sthebestsellerinChina,inIndia,it'sthebestseller