定语从句的讲解及练习 一.docx

定语从句的讲解及练习 一.docx

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定语从句的讲解及练习一

定语从句的讲解及练习一、定义：

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限关系词常有三个作用：

1、引导定语从句在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语2、代替先行词3、定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘?

?

的’表示。

主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，

（1）TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.

（2）YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

（1）Mr.Liuistheperson（whom）youtalkedabout.注意：

关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

（3）Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。

单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。

短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。

定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。

如：

1）Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2）YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who（宾格who,所有格whose）和关系副词where,when、why3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

（1）Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.（which在句子中做主语）1

（2）Thisisthepen（which）heboughtyesterday.（which在句子中做宾语）4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

（5）Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.（做主语）（6）Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?

（做宾语）5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

（1）Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

（2）Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替（3）Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.（5）Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?

=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?

2注：

that用法

（1）不用that的情况（a）在引导非限定性定语从句时。

（错）Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,Isveryfamoushere.（b）介词后不能用。

Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.

（2）只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况（a）在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。

（b）在不定代词，如：

anything,nothing,theone,all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

（c）先行词有theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,just修饰时，只用that。

（d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。

.（e）先行词既有人，又有物时。

（f）先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．（g）为了避免重复．（h）先行词是theway或thereason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略（i）主句的主语是疑问词who/which时举例：

Isthisthebookthatyouborrowedinthelibrary?

关系副词关系副词：

在句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=forwhichwhere=in/at/on/...which（介词同先行词搭配）when=during/on/in/...which（介词同先行词搭配）1.where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。

（1）ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？

Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished．谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。

Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

三、关系副词引导定语从句3

（2）ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.2.when引导定语从句表示时间。

在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用

（1）IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.

（2）Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.[注]表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。

BythetimeyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。

IstillrememberthefirsttimeImether.我仍然记得我第一次见到她。

Eachtimehegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc。

每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。

ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?

Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?

Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.3.why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.

（1）Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.练习

（一）

（2）Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：

关请分析一下定语从句：

（请划出定语从句，并标出先行词）系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换1.

（1）Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,2.

（2）Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebeganto3.knowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.4.注：

1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。

CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.Canyouthinkofanyproblemsyouhavehadrecently?

HewouldalwaystakeprideineverythinggoodIdo.2）that前不能有介词。

5.3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"6.结构可以同关系副词when,where和why互换。

8.49.MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.Hereisthepen______youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.Thesebooks_________youlentmewereveryuseful.Thestorybook_______Ihavejustreadcannotbeeasilyforgotten.Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.Thisisshirt_________Iboughtyesterday.Adictionaryisabook_______givesthemeaningtotheword.Thebook____________isonthetableismine.Thefilm_________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.10.Whataresomeoftherulesthatateenagershouldobey?

12.Ifyouknowanyoneelsewhocollectsthem,pleasetellme.13.Standingveryclosetothepersonyouaretalkingwithisquitecommoninsomecountries.14.Ifyouknowsomeoneyouknowdoingthis,youcanaskthem.15.AllIeverwantedtodowastraveling.二、用关系代词填空：

that、which、who、whom、whose1.2.3.4.5.6.7.Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.Thewoman___________yousawisourgeographyteacher.Therunner_____________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.Theperson___________youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.518.19.20.Isthereanyone____________familyisinBeijing?

Showmetheboy__________motherisawell-knownsinger.Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.三、单项选择（）1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfrom（）7.Doyouknowthestudent_____?

A.whomIoftentalkD.thatIoftentalkBeijing.A.who（B.whichC.whomD.whoseB.withwhoIoftentalk（C.Ioftentalkwith）8.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.who’sC.it'sD.its）2.What’sthenameoftheprogram________.A.whicharelisteningC.tothatyouarelisteningB.youarelisteningtoD.thatyouarelistening（（）9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary_____?

A.whatIneedB.IneedC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit（）3.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything）10.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that（）4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which练习

（二）1.Don’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof_______youarenotsure.A.whichB.whatC.asD.those（）5.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces________couldn’tbefound.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat（）6.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature_______waterchangesintoice.A.atwhich6B.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat7.Thisbookwillshowyou________canbeusedinothercontexts..A.howyouhaveobservedC.thatyouhaveobservedB.whatyouhaveobservedD.howthatyouhaveobservedA.whichB.whomC.whoD.that14.Thegirl________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.A.whoissingingB.issingingC.sangD.wassinging8.Thereasonis________heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.whether15.Those__notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.A.learnB.whoC.thatlearnsD.wholearn9.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which16.Anyone________thisopinionmayspeakout.A.thatagainstagainst17.Didn’tyouseetheman_____?

whomInoddedjustnownoddedtojustnow18.Canyoulendmethenovel______theotherday?

A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitD.youtalkedaboutA.InoddedjustnowB.D.IB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoare10.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich11.Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.whatC.Inoddedtohimjustnow12.Hefailedintheexamination,________madehisfatherveryangry.A.whichB.itC.thatD.what13.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_______wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.7C.whichyoutalkedwith19.Isthereanything_______toyou?

A.thatisbelongedwhichbelongs20.----“Howdoyoulikethebook?

”----“It’squitedifferentfrom_______Ireadlastmonth.”A.thatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhatB.thatbelongsC.thatbelongD.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich25.It’sthethirdtime_______latethismonth.A.thatyouarrivedarrivedB.whenyouarrivedC.thatyou’veD.whenyou’vearrived26.Itwasin1969_______theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.inwhich21.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept_______whohadalreadytakenthem.A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers27.Maythefourthistheday______weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich22.Thetrain_______shewastravellingwaslate.A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat28.WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,_______livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.where23.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer_______thepapersarekept.A.whereB.inwhichC.underwhichD.which29.Thehotel_______duringourh