英语届上海奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试题含答案.docx

英语届上海奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试题含答案.docx

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英语届上海奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试题含答案

2020届上海奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试题

一、用单词的适当形式完成短文

1. 

Accordingtoastudypublishedinthepre-printwebsitebioRxiv,ateamofIsraeliscientistsrecordedtomatoandtobaccoplantsproducing,soundfrequencieswhichhumanscannothearinstressfulsituations—suchaswhentheyexperiencedalackofwaterortheirstemswerecut.Theteamidentifiedthesoundswithmicrophonesplacedaround10centimeters（aroundfourinches）awayfromtheplants,thoughthescientistssaythenoisescouldpotentiallybeheardseveralfeetawaybysomemammalsandinsects,suchasmice.

Plantsexposedtodroughtstresshavebeenshowntoexperiencecavitation（空化现象）—aprocesswhereairbubbles（气泡）form,expandandexplodeinsidetissuethattransportswater.Theseexplosionsproducesound,buttheyhaveonlyeverbeenrecordedusingdevicesdirectlyconnectedtotheplants.Thelateststudy,meanwhile,isthefirsttoidentifyplantsmakingsoundswhichcanbedetectedoveradistance.Andtheresearcherssaythatcavitationcouldpotentiallybethesourceofthesesounds.

Theteamdetectedthetomatoplantsmade35soundsanhouronaveragewhentheywereexposedtodroughtconditions,whilethetobaccoplantsproduced11.Whenthestemsoftheplantswerecut,thetomatoplantsmade25soundsanhouronaverageandthetobaccoplantsproduced15.Asacomparison,unstressedplantsmadelessthanonesoundperhouronaverage,accordingtothestudy.

Theteamsaythatwhiletheyonlytestedtomatoandtobacco,it'spossiblethatotherplantscouldalsoproducesounds,addingthatthelatestfindingscouldhaveimplicationsforagriculture."Plantsoundemissionscouldofferanovelwayformonitoringcrops'waterstate—aquestionofvitalimportanceinagriculture,"theauthorswroteinthestudy."Morepreciseirrigationcansaveupto50percentofthewaterconsumptionandincreasetheoutput,withdramaticeconomicimplications."

"AccordingtoAnneVisscherfromtheRoyalBotanicGardens,Kew,intheU.K.,theideathatthesoundscouldbeusedinprecisionagricultureis'practical'thoughsheurgescautionregardingtheIsraeliteam'ssuggestionthatotheranimalscouldhearthesoundsatadistance,"NewScientistreported.

（1）WhatdotheIsraeliscientistsfindaboutplants?

A  Stressedplantstendtolackwater.        B  Someplantscanunderstandhumans'sounds.        C  Stressedplantscanmakemorefrequentsounds.        D  Somemammalsandinsectscancommunicatewithplants.

（2）Whatcanwelearnaboutcavitation?

A  Itmaycontributetotheplants'sounds.        B  Itmayleadtoplantsexperiencingdrought.        C  Itisdeterminedbythenumberofairbubbles.        D  Itwasidentifiedandrecordedforthefirsttime.

（3）Howmanysoundsdothetomatoplantsmakeperhouronaveragewhencut?

A  11.        B  15.        C  25.        D  35.

（4）What'sAnneVisscher'sattitudetoapplyingthestudytoagriculture?

A  Supportive.        B  Cautious.        C  Reserved.        D  Opposed.

二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文

2. 

A．essentiallyB．roundC．stuckD．spiritsE．encouragingF．desperately

G．strengthsH．frustratingI．spillingJ．collectiveK．sealed

Italiansfind"MomentsofJoyinthisMomentofAnxiety"

Itstartedwiththenationalanthem．Thencamethepianochords，trumpetblasts，violinserenades（小夜曲）andeventheclangingofpotsandpans﹣﹣allofit

（1）_______frompeople'shomes，outofwindowsandfrombalconies，andresoundingacrossrooftops．

Finally，onSaturdayafternoon，anationwide

（2）_______ofapplausebrokeoutforthedoctorsonthemedicalfrontlinesfightingthespreadofEurope'sworstcoronavirusoutbreak．

Italiansremain（3）_______underhousearrestasthenation，theEuropeanfrontintheglobalfightagainstthecoronavirus，hasorderedextraordinaryrestrictionsontheirmovementtopreventinfection．

Butthemusicandnoiseeruptingoverthestreets，frompeople（4）_______intheirhomes，reflectsthespirit，resilienceandhumorofanationfacingitsworstnationalemergencysincetheSecondWorldWar．

Totheextentthatthisisavirusthattriespeople'ssouls，ithasalsodemonstratedthe（5）_______ofthosenationalcharacters．

InChina，patriotictruckdriversriskedinfectiontobring（6）_______neededfoodtothepeopleofWuhan，theepicenteroftheoutbreak．InIran，videosshowdoctorsinfullcombatdressandmasksdancingtokeep（7）_______up．AndinItaly，thegesturesofgratitudeandmusicringoutabovethecountry'semptystreets，whilesocialmediafeedsfillwith（8）_______，sentimentalandhumorouswebvideos．

Imagesofnursescollapsedfromexhaustionortheirfacesbruised（使受瘀伤）fromtightly（9）_______maskshavealsospreadacrossthewebinrecentdays．Parentspostedpicturesofunicornsandrainbowsdrawnbyyoungchildrenwiththetitle"ItwillallbeOK．"

"We'reItalians，andlovingsingingispartofourculture，"saidGiorgioAlbertini，51，anarchaeologyprofessorwhoclappedfromhisapartmentbalconyintheuniversitydistrictofMilan，callingitaway"tofeelacommunity，andtohavethe（10）_______grief．"

三、完形填空

3.     Makingchoicesishard.ThatwouldbewhyresearcherMoranCerfhas_______itfromhislife.Asarule,healwayschoosesthesecondmenuitematarestaurant.

    This is_______byhisresearchinneuroeconomics（神经经济学）（asomewhatnew.divisivefield）atNorthwesternUniversity.AsBusinessInsiderdescribes,Cerfhasextendedhisideas—whichdrawonsomecontroversialideasinpsychology,includingegodepletionout-intoapieceofadvicethat,to_______happiness,peopleshould"buildalifethatrequires_______decisionsbysurroundingthemselveswithpeoplewhopossesstraitstheyprefer.

    On aninstinctivelevel,Cerf'sidea_______:

Manychoicespeoplemakearetheproductofsocialpressuresandtheinputsof_______peoplearoundthem.OneexampleCerffurnishesisthat._______consistentlyorderingthesecondmenuitem,heneverpickswheretoeat.Rather,he_______hisdecisiontohisdiningpartner—whichfriendheplanstoeatwith,probablyonehetrusts—andalwaysletsthempick.

    Whileit’s_______what,ifanyscientificprinciplesunderliethosepiecesofadvice,thereisnoshortageofresearchshowingthatchoicescansometimesfeelmore________thanliberating.AnexamplefromQuantapoits（假设）:

 IfyouhaveaclearloveofSnickers（士力架）,choosingthatoveranAlmondJoy（杏仁巧克力）oraMilkyWay（牛奶巧克力）shouldbea________.And,asanexperimentconductedbyneuroscientistPaulGlimcheratNYUshowsmostofthetimeitis,________youintroducemorechoices.

    When theparticipantswereofferedthreecandybars（Snickers,MilkyWay,andAlmondJoy）theyhadnoproblempickingtheirfavorite,butwhentheyweregiventheoptionofoneamong20includingSnickers,theywouldsometimesdriftawayfromtheir________.Whenthechoicesweretakenawayinlatertrials,theparticipantswouldwonderwhatcausedthemtomakesuchabaddecision.

    As Quantadetails,accordingtoamodelcalled“divisivenormalization”（分裂归一化）,whichhasgainedsomepopularity,thewaythebrainencodeschoiceshasalottodowithhowitvaluesallitsoptions.Soifyouhavetwothingsthatareclearly________brainareasinvolvedindecision-makingfireinapatternthatmakesthedecisionclear.Whenthechoicesarecomparable,thebraindocsitsbesttofocusonthedistinctionsbetweenthetwo,butmorechoices________thatabilityout.

（1）

A  relieved        B  released        C  eliminated        D  liberated

（2）

A  influenced        B  inherited        C  implemented        D  informed

（3）

A  maximize        B  balance        C  cherish        D  seek

（4）

A  safer        B  fewer        C  better        D  sounder

（5）

A  standsout        B  comesintoforce        C  makessense        D  playsapart

（6）

A  distinguished        B  trusted        C  authorized        D  honored

（7）

A  inadditionto        B  insteadof        C  inspiteof        D  regardlessof

（8）

A  conveys        B  relates        C  submits        D  limits

（9）

A  evident        B  unclear        C  critical        D  inevitable

（10）

A  confusing        B  inspiring        C  worrying        D  appealing

（11）

A  stressor        B  no-brainer        C  challenge        D  headache

（12）

A  after        B  before        C  when        D  until

（13）

A  preference        B  struggle        C  status        D  direction

（14）

A  impressive        B  insignificant        C  unique        D  distinct

（15）

A  crowd        B  figure        C  sort        D  put

四、阅读选择

4.     One springday, oncetheflowershavebeguntoopen, abeewillhover（盘旋）andzipthroughyouryardanddive﹣bombyourpicnictable．Whileyou'rethinkingaboutavoidinganattack, thatbeeisfocusedonsomethingelseentirely:

 me．

    A honeybeehasaboutsixweekstolive．Today, likemostdays, hertaskistoflyasmanyasthreemilesfromhome, stickherlong, straw﹣liketongueintoahundredorsoflowers．Whenthebeehashadherfill, she'llflyhome．Therethebeewilldepositwhatshehasgotintothemouthofoneofherco﹣workers, whowillrelayittoanother, andsoonforabout20minutes, untilthemixtureisreadytobeplacedintothecomb．Thensheandher50, 000orsomateswillhoverinthedarkallnighteverynight, flappingtheirwingstocreatehot, breezyconditionstoremovethewaterfromthemixture．Severalsunriseslater, theywillsealmeoffinagoldencellofbeeswax．Inherlifetime, ourbeemayvisit4, 000flowers, andyetwillproduceonlyone﹣twelfthofateaspoonofme．

    The averageAmericanconsumesnearlyapoundandahalfofmeeveryyear, intea, ontoast, andbeyond．IfIdosaysomyself, Iamatimelesstreasure．Literally﹣﹣Inevergobad．

    Unfortunately, mygoodhealthisnotguaranteed．The