英语届上海奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试题含答案.docx

1、英语届上海奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试题含答案2020届上海奉贤区高三下学期二模英语试题一、用单词的适当形式完成短文1.According to a study published in the pre-print website bioRxiv, a team of Israeli scientists recorded tomato and tobacco plants producing, sound frequencies which humans cannot hear in stressful situationssuch as when they experienced a lac

2、k of water or their stems were cut. The team identified the sounds with microphones placed around 10 centimeters（around four inches）away from the plants, though the scientists say the noises could potentially be heard several feet away by some mammals and insects, such as mice.Plants exposed to drou

3、ght stress have been shown to experience cavitation（空化现象）a process where air bubbles（气泡）form, expand and explode inside tissue that transports water. These explosions produce sound, but they have only ever been recorded using devices directly connected to the plants. The latest study, meanwhile, is

4、the first to identify plants making sounds which can be detected over a distance. And the researchers say that cavitation could potentially be the source of these sounds.The team detected the tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour on average when they were exposed to drought conditions, while the toba

5、cco plants produced 11. When the stems of the plants were cut, the tomato plants made 25 sounds an hour on average and the tobacco plants produced 15. As a comparison, unstressed plants made less than one sound per hour on average, according to the study.The team say that while they only tested toma

6、to and tobacco, its possible that other plants could also produce sounds, adding that the latest findings could have implications for agriculture. Plant sound emissions could offer a novel way for monitoring crops water statea question of vital importance in agriculture, the authors wrote in the stu

7、dy. More precise irrigation can save up to 50 percent of the water consumption and increase the output, with dramatic economic implications.According to Anne Visscher from the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the U.K., the idea that the sounds could be used in precision agriculture is practical though

8、 she urges caution regarding the Israeli teams suggestion that other animals could hear the sounds at a distance, New Scientist reported. （1）What do the Israeli scientists find about plants?AStressed plants tend to lack water.BSome plants can understand humans sounds.CStressed plants can make more f

9、requent sounds.DSome mammals and insects can communicate with plants. （2）What can we learn about cavitation?AIt may contribute to the plants sounds.BIt may lead to plants experiencing drought.CIt is determined by the number of air bubbles.DIt was identified and recorded for the first time. （3）How ma

10、ny sounds do the tomato plants make per hour on average when cut?A11.B15.C25.D35. （4）Whats Anne Visschers attitude to applying the study to agriculture?ASupportive.BCautious.CReserved.DOpposed.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文2.Aessentially Bround Cstuck Dspirits Eencouraging FdesperatelyGstrengths Hfrustrating Ispi

11、lling Jcollective KsealedItalians find Moments of Joy in this Moment of AnxietyIt started with the national anthemThen came the piano chords，trumpet blasts，violin serenades（小夜曲）and even the clanging of pots and pansall of it（1）_from peoples homes，out of windows and from balconies，and resounding acro

12、ss rooftopsFinally，on Saturday afternoon，a nationwide（2）_of applause broke out for the doctors on the medical front lines fighting the spread of Europes worst coronavirus outbreakItalians remain（3）_under house arrest as the nation，the European front in the global fight against the coronavirus，has or

13、dered extraordinary restrictions on their movement to prevent infectionBut the music and noise erupting over the streets，from people（4）_in their homes，reflects the spirit，resilience and humor of a nation facing its worst national emergency since the Second World WarTo the extent that this is a virus

14、 that tries peoples souls，it has also demonstrated the（5）_of those national charactersIn China，patriotic truck drivers risked infection to bring（6）_needed food to the people of Wuhan， the epicenter of the outbreakIn Iran，videos show doctors in full combat dress and masks dancing to keep（7）_upAnd in

15、Italy，the gestures of gratitude and music ring out above the countrys empty streets，while social media feeds fill with（8）_，sentimental and humorous web videosImages of nurses collapsed from exhaustion or their faces bruised（使受瘀伤）from tightly（9）_masks have also spread across the web in recent daysPar

16、ents posted pictures of unicorns and rainbows drawn by young children with the title It will all be OKWere Italians，and loving singing is part of our culture， said Giorgio Albertini，51，an archaeology professor who clapped from his apartment balcony in the university district of Milan，calling it a wa

17、y to feel a community，and to have the（10）_grief三、完形填空3.Making choices is hard. That would be why researcher Moran Cerf has _ it from his life. As a rule, he always chooses the second menu item at a restaurant.Thisis _ by his research in neuroeconomics(神经经济学)(a somewhat new. divisive field) at Northw

18、estern University. As Business Insider describes, Cerf has extended his ideaswhich draw on some controversial ideas in psychology, including ego depletion out-into a piece of advice that, to _ happiness, people should build a life that requires _ decisions by surrounding themselves withpeople who po

19、ssess traits they prefer.Onan instinctive level, Cerfs idea _: Many choices people make are the product of social pressures and the inputs of _ people around them. One example Cerf furnishes is that. _ consistently ordering the second menu item, he never picks where to eat. Rather, he _ his decision

20、 to his dining partnerwhich friend he plans to eat with, probably one he trustsand always lets them pick.While its _ what, if any scientific principles underlie those pieces of advice, there is no shortage of research showing that choices can sometimes feel more _ than liberating. An example from Qu

21、anta poits (假设):If you have a clear love of Snickers(士力架),choosing that over an Almond Joy(杏仁巧克力)or a Milky Way(牛奶巧克力)should be a _. And, as an experiment conducted by neuroscientist Paul Glimcher at NYU shows most of the time it is, _ you introduce more choices.Whenthe participants were offered thr

22、ee candy bars (Snickers, Milky Way, and Almond Joy) they had no problem picking their favorite, but when they were given the option of one among 20 including Snickers, they would sometimes drift away from their _. When the choices were taken away in later trials, the participants would wonder what c

23、aused them to make such a bad decision.AsQuanta details, according to a model called “divisive normalization”(分裂归一化), which has gained some popularity, the way the brain encodes choices has a lot to do with how it values all its options. So if you have two things that are clearly _ brain areas invol

24、ved in decision-making fire in a pattern that makes the decision clear. When the choices are comparable, the brain docs its best to focus on the distinctions between the two, but more choices _ that ability out. （1）ArelievedBreleasedCeliminatedDliberated （2）AinfluencedBinheritedCimplementedDinformed

25、 （3）AmaximizeBbalanceCcherishDseek （4）AsaferBfewerCbetterDsounder （5）Astands outBcomes into forceCmakes senseDplays a part （6）AdistinguishedBtrustedCauthorizedDhonored （7）Ain addition toBinstead ofCin spite ofDregardless of （8）AconveysBrelatesCsubmitsDlimits （9）AevidentBunclearCcriticalDinevitable （

26、10）AconfusingBinspiringCworryingDappealing （11）AstressorBno-brainerCchallengeDheadache （12）AafterBbeforeCwhenDuntil （13）ApreferenceBstruggleCstatusDdirection （14）AimpressiveBinsignificantCuniqueDdistinct （15）AcrowdBfigureCsortDput四、阅读选择4.Onespring day,once the flowers have begun to open, a bee will

27、hover（盘旋）and zip through your yard and divebomb your picnic tableWhile youre thinking about avoiding an attack,that bee is focused on something else entirely:meAhoneybee has about six weeks to liveToday,like most days,her task is to fly as many as three miles from home,stick her long,strawlike tongu

28、e into a hundred or so flowersWhen the bee has had her fill,shell fly homeThere the bee will deposit what she has got into the mouth of one of her coworkers,who will relay it to another,and so on for about 20 minutes,until the mixture is ready to be placed into the combThen she and her 50,000 or so

29、mates will hover in the dark all night every night,flapping their wings to create hot,breezy conditions to remove the water from the mixtureSeveral sunrises later,they will seal me off in a golden cell of beeswaxIn her lifetime,our bee may visit 4,000 flowers,and yet will produce only onetwelfth of a tea spoon of meTheaverage American consumes nearly a pound and a half of me every year,in tea,on toast,and beyondIf I do say so myself,I am a timeless treasureLiterallyI never go badUnfortunately,my good health is not guaranteedThe