高一英语阅读理解解题技巧和训练方法及练习题含答案及解析.docx

高一英语阅读理解解题技巧和训练方法及练习题含答案及解析.docx

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高一英语阅读理解解题技巧和训练方法及练习题含答案及解析

高一英语阅读理解解题技巧和训练方法及练习题（含答案）及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   YoucanseeaseaturtlenamedHerman,anoctopus（章鱼）calledOctavia,andasealnamedLidiaattheSmithsonian'sNationalZooinWashington,D.C.Ratherthanrealanimals,theyareactuallyartworksmadeoutofplastictrashfromtheocean.

   Theseartworksarepartofatravelingexhibitcalled"WashedAshore:

ArttoSavetheSea".TheWashedAshoreproject,ledbytheartistcalledPozzi,workstoraiseawarenessaboutplasticpollutioninEarth'soceans.

   Morethan315billionpoundsofplasticlittertheworld'soceanstoday.Mostoftheplasticisgarbagefromtownsandcities,aswellastrashthatpeopleleaveonbeaches.Rainwater,winds,andhightidesbringthetrashintotheoceanorintoriversthatleadtotheocean.Onceitisunderthewaves,theplasticbeginstobreakupintosmallerandsmallerpieces.

   Thousandsofseaanimalsdieeachyearfromeatingplasticbagsandotherthings.Eachyear,millionsmorepoundsofplasticendupintheocean.Arecentstudyfoundthatifthatcontinues,by2050thetotalweightofplasticwillbemorethanthatofallthefishintheocean.

   TheWashedAshoreprojectisworkingtostopthatfromhappening.Since2010,WashedAshorevolunteershavecollected38,000poundsofplastictrashfrommorethan300milesofbeaches.TheyhelpedPozzicreatemorethan60artworksofseacreaturesharmedbyplasticpollution.

   "Theseartworksareapowerfulreminderofourpersonalroleandglobalresponsibilityinpreservingbiodiversity（生物多样性）onlandandinthesea,"saysDennisKelly,directoroftheNationalZoo.

（1）WhatisthepurposeoftheartworksshownattheSmithsonian'sNationalZoo?

A. Toletpeopleknowaboutanimalsintheocean.         

B. Tointroduceonewayofrecyclingplastictrash.

C. Towarnpeopleofplasticpollutionintheocean.         

D. ToshowPozzi'sgreatgiftforcreatingartworks.

（2）Accordingtothepassage,whatisthesourceofplasticpollutionintheocean?

A. Garbagefromtownsandcities.                      

B. Trashleftonbeachesbypeople.

C. Plasticbagsbrokenupbywaves.                   

D. Littercreatedbyhumanactivities.

（3）ThedatainParagraph5isgiventoprovethat      .

A. plasticpollutionwillbemoreseriousintheocean         

B. moreandmoreartworksofseacreatureswillbemade

C. theWashedAshoreprojecthasmadegreatachievements         

D. volunteerscansolvetheoceanpollutionsuccessfullyby2050

（4）What'sDennisKelly'sattitudetowardstheartworks?

A. Worried.                      

B. Supportive.                      

C. Doubtful.                      

D. Unconcerned.

（5）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A. TurningTrashintoArt                                     

B. WorkingforWashedAshore

C. CollectingPlasticTrash                                    

D. StoppingEnvironmentalPollution

【答案】

（1）C

（2）D

（3）C

（4）B

（5）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Pozzi用垃圾雕塑了海洋动物，来提醒全球的人们去保护海洋，禁止人们朝海洋扔垃圾。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Theseartworksareapowerfulreminderofourpersonalroleandglobalresponsibilityinpreservingbiodiversityonlandandinthesea.”可知这些艺术品展示了人们在海洋生物多样性保护中的个人作用。

即：

警醒人民注意海洋中的塑料污染。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Morethan315billionpoundsofplasticlittertheworld'soceans,today.Mostoftheplasticisgarbagefromtownsandcities,aswellastrashthatpeopleleaveonbeaches.”可知海洋中的塑料垃圾主要是由人类活动所产生的垃圾。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中所列的数字信息可以证明：

该项目最近几年在清理海洋垃圾中所做的巨大成绩（已有3800吨垃圾被清理）。

故选C。

（4）考查观点态度。

根据最后一段中的“Theseartworksareapowerfulreminderofourpersonalroleandglobalresponsibilityinpreservingbiodiversityonlandandinthesea.”其中关键信息“powerfulreminder”可知这些艺术品是人们在保护海洋中所起作用的有力证明，故选B。

（5）考查主旨大意。

本文是通过把海洋中的塑料垃圾变成艺术品以唤醒人们的海洋保护意识。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，观点态度和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Everycountrymayhavetoconsiderwhat,ifanything,todoabout"globalwarming".Weshouldunderstandthattheoft-repeatedclaimthatnearlyallscientistsdemandthatsomethingdramaticbedonetostopglobalwarmingisnottrue.

   Perhapsthemostinconvenientfactisthelackofglobalwarmingforwellover10yearsnow.Thisisknowntothewarmingestablishment,asonecanseefromthe2009"Climategate"emailofclimatescientistKevinTrenberth:

"Thefactisthatwecan'taccountforthelackofwarmingatthemomentanditisanironythatwecan't."Butthewarmingisonlymissingifonebelievescomputermodelswhereso-calledfeedbackinvolvingwatervaporandcloudsgreatlyamplifiesthesmalleffectofCO2.ThefactisthatCO2isnotapollutantanditisakeycomponentofthebiosphere（生物圈）'slifecycle.PlantsgetbettergrowthwithmoreofitandpartoftheincreaseofagriculturalyieldsinthepastcenturycertainlycamefromadditionalCO2intheatmosphere.

   Althoughthenumberofthescientistswhoarepubliclyopposedtotheclaimisgrowing,manyyoungscientistssecretlysaythatwhiletheyalsohaveseriousdoubtsabouttheglobal-warmingmessage,theyareafraidtospeakupforfearofnotbeingpromotedorworse.

   Whyistheresomuchpassionaboutglobalwarming?

Thereareseveralreasons,butagoodplacetostartistheoldquestion"Cuibono?

",orthemodernupdate,"Followthemoney".Alarmism（危言耸听）overclimateisofgreatbenefittomany,providinggovernmentfundingforacademicresearch,andthusthosepeoplewhobenefitfromthisfiercelydefendedtheirdogma（信条）andtheprivilegesitbroughtthem.

   Everycountryshouldsupportrational（合理的）measurestoprotectandimproveourenvironment,butitmakesnosenseatalltobackexpensiveprogramsthatturnawayresourcesfromrealneedsandarebasedonalarmingbutshakyclaimsof"incontrovertible"evidence.

（1）Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor'sopiniononglobalwarming?

A. Globalwarminghasn'thappenedinthelatest10years.         

B. Globalwarminghasbecomeanurgentproblemtheseyears.

C. Globalwarminghasworsenedalittlebitintherecentyears.         

D. Globalwarminghasneverhappenedsincemeasuresweretaken.

（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutCO2doesthewriterprobablyagreewith?

A. CO2greatlyaffectstheglobalwarming.         

B. CO2makescropsmoreproductive.

C. CO2involveswatervaporandclouds.           

D. CO2isthemostimportantpartofthebiosphere.

（3）Whyistheresomuchpassionforglobalwarming?

A. Becauseitisagoodchanceforyoungscientiststobepromoted.         

B. Becausethescientistswanttohaveaninsightintotheproblem.

C. Becausethegovernmentvaluestheproblemandtriestosolveit.         

D. Becausesomepeoplecangreatlybenefitfromtheresearchaboutit.

（4）What'sthewriter'sattitudetowardtheprogramstoprotectandimproveourenvironment?

A. Tosupportalltheprogramsaslongastheyarebeneficial.         

B. Tosupportcheapprogramsinsteadofexpensiveones.

C. Tosupporttheprogramsthatarenecessaryandreliable.         

D. Tosupportthoseprogramsthatuselessmoneyandresources.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述的是“关于地球的变暖。

”每个国家都可能不得不考虑“全球变暖”的问题。

我们应该明白，经常重复的说法是，几乎所有的科学家都要求采取一些引人注目的措施来阻止全球变暖，这是不正确的。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Perhapsthemostinconvenientfactisthelackofglobalwarmingforwellover10yearsnow.”可知，我们能从作者对全球变暖的观点中推断出“在最近的10年里，全球变暖并没有发生。

”故选A。

（2考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“PlantsgetbettergrowthwithmoreofitandpartoftheincreaseofagriculturalyieldsinthepastcenturycertainlycamefromadditionalCO2intheatmosphere.”可知，关于“二氧化碳使作物更多产。

”陈述可能是作者同意的。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“thusthosepeoplewhobenefitfromthisfiercelydefendedtheirdogma（信条）andtheprivilegesitbroughtthem.”可知，对全球变暖有如此多的热情是因为有些人可以从这项研究中获益良多。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“Everycountryshouldsupportrational（合理的）measurestoprotectandimproveourenvironment,butitmakesnosenseatalltobackexpensiveprogramsthatturnawayresourcesfromrealneeds”可知，作者对保护和改善环境的计划的态度是支持那些必要和可靠的项目。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Haveyoueverexperiencedsuchanannoyingthingasittooksolongtoopenawebpage?

You'rewatchingstopseveryfewminutes,whichruinedyourinternetexperience.Butitcouldbeathingofthepast.OnJune3,theMinistryofIndustryandInformationTechnologyannouncedthatChinawouldissuelicensesforthecommercializationof5G.Itmeansmajortelecomcarrierswillstarttoprovide5Gservices.

   The"G"in"5G"referstothegenerationofmobilenetworktechnologies.1Gletustalktoeachother,2Gletussendmessages,3Ggaveusmobiledataandtheinternet,and4Gmadeallofthesethingsfaster.

   Now5Gpromisesmuchfasterdatadownloadanduploadspeeds,andmorestableconnections.ThismeansthatyouwillbeabletodownloadanentireHDmovieinsecondsandonlyexperienceashortdelaybetweensendingandreceivingdata.Forexample,whenyouhaveavideochantwithyourfriend,thereisgenerallya100to200milliseconds（毫秒）delaywith4G,but5Gwillreducethedelayto1millisecondorless,whichisalmostrealtime.

   Witha5Gnetwork,theshortdelayininformationexchangewillallowdriverlesscarstorunmoresafely,astheywillbeabletocommunicateinrealtimeandavoidpotentialdangers.Meanwhile,5Genabledwearabledeviceswillkeepdoctorsconstantlyupdatedonthehealthstatusoftheirpatientsandwarnthemimmediatelyifthere'ssomethingwrong.Besides,VRgameswillbecomemorepopularwith5G.Theshortdelayof5Gwillmakethegamesfeelevenmorereal.

   Though5Gwillmakeourlivesmoreconvenient,itwillnotbeperfect.Foronething,5Gwillnot"travel"far.On4networks,youcanbe10kilometersawayfromthe