英美概况复习题与参考答案.docx

英美概况复习题与参考答案.docx

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英美概况复习题与参考答案

2011英美文化与国家概况期末考试填空与简答复习题

1.Ofalltheseisles,thelargestoneiscalledGreatBritain.Forthesakeofconvenience,GreatBritainisoftenshortenedtoBritain.

2.UnitedKingdomismadeupoffourparts,England,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland.

3.TheislandofGreatBritaincanbedividedintotwopartsaccordingtoitsgeographicfeatures:

theHighlandZoneinthenorthandwestandtheLowlandzoneinthesouthandsoutheast.

4.InAmerica,ThepresidingofficerofthesenateistheVice-presidentoftheUnitedStateswhoservesaschairmanwhentheSenateisinsession.

5.Britaindidnotproducecottonandtextileindustryusedtorelyonwoolastheprincipalfiber.

6.InBritain,thecityBirminghamiswellknownforitsproductionofautomobiles,electricityequipment,electronics,munitions,andarms.

7.Britishgovernmentisproducedthroughcontestbetweentwomajorpoliticalpartieseveryfiveyears

8.Britishcanenjoyhighereducationinthreeways:

Universities,polytechnicsandOpenUniversities.

9.MainlandAmericaissituatedinthesouthernpartofNorthAmericawithtwolandNeighbors,CanadatothenorthandMexicotothesouth.

10.ThelongestriverinBritainistheSevernRiver，whichruns355kilometersandemptiesintotheBristolStrait.

11.WhiteHouseistheplacewhereAmericanPresidentlivesandworks.

12.British’spopulationisoverwhelminglyurban,withabout90%livinginurbanareasand10%livinginruralareas.

13.Britaininventedthelocomotiveandwasthefirstcountrytobuildarailwayintheworldin1825.

14.OneofthemostimportantUSgovernmentprincipleis“ChecksandBalances”.

15.ThemajorityoftheBritishpeoplebelieveinChristianity,whichisthereligionofthefollowersofJesusChrist.

16.ThemostimportantandlongestriverrunningthroughthemiddleplainofAmericaisMississippiRiver.

17.TheU.K.hastwoestablishedchurches:

theChurchofEnglandandtheChurchofScotland.

18.ImportantheavyindustriesinBritainincludeshipbuildingandmotorvehicle.

19.ModernEnglishistheofficiallanguageoftheUnitedKingdomaswellasthefirstlanguageofthevastmajority

20.InBritain,theplacewhereparliamenthassessionsinLondonisthePalaceofWestminster.

21.TheUSCongresshastwochambers,theSenateandtheHouseofRepresentatives.TheSenatecomprises100Senators,twofromeachofthe50states

22.Inearlytimes,Britishnobilitycanbedividedintouppernobilityandlowernobilityaccordingtotheamountofthelandtheypossessed.

23.InBritain,thenucleusofthegovernmentisknownastheCabinet,whichisheadedbytheprimeminister.

24.IntheUnitedKingdom,politicsisunderthecontrolofpoliticalparties,andthisisknownaspartypolitics.

25.TheUSConstitutionprotectsfreedomofspeechandfreedomofthepresssothatcommonpeoplecanmaketheiropinionsknown.

26.ThehighestcourtinBritainistheSupremeCourt.

27.Ifthejurycannotreachaunanimousagreement,itbecomesknownasahungjury.

28.TheEnglishlegalprofessionisdividedintotwobranches:

solicitorsandbarristers.

29.Britainwasthefirstcountrytointroduceaneweconomicsystemknownasfreeenterprise.

30.Tomeettheincreasingneedandprotectenvironment,Britainhasbeguntodevelopsomenewenergies,suchasbio-fuels,derivingfromwasteandcrops.

31.Traditionally,theBritishculturehasbeencharacterizedbyitsrequirementofdecencyandcivilityindoingthings.

32.TothesouthofSanFranciscolocatesafamousvalley,namedSiliconValley,whichhasnowbecomethecenterofAmerica’selectronicindustry.

33.TheMississippiRiverValley,alsoknownasthe_CentralPlain_,consistsofthelargeareabetweentheAppalachianontheeastandtheRockyMountainsonthewest.

34.Britainhastraditionallybeenamanufacturingnationandwasonceknownasthe“workshopoftheworld.”

35.OneofthemostfamousnaturalparkinAmerica,YellowStoneNationalPark,issituatedinthestateWyoming.

36.LasVegas,themoststrikinggamblingcityinAmerica,completelyreliesonthewaterfromtheColoradoRiver.

37.Everythingrelatedwithfamilylife,includingfamilymeals,isregardedasprivacyinBritain.

38.Theworkingclasspeopleusuallyhavea“hightea”withhotdishesatabout5o’clockintheafternoon;

39.Themiddle-classpeoplenormallyhaveanearly“lighttea”atabout4or5o’clockintheafternoon.

40.PrivateschoolsinBritainareofficiallycalledindependentschoolsbecausetheyareindependentofthegovernment.

3.简答问题：

（15题）

Ø简要回答下列问题：

1.WhyisAmericacomparedtoamelting-pot?

2.WhatarethecharactersoftypicalBritishpeople?

3.WhydoBritishpeopleliketotalkaboutweathersomuch?

4.WhatchangeshavetakenplaceinBritishfamilies?

Whatarethepossiblecausesforthosechanges?

5.WhoarethefamousQueensinBritishhistory?

Pleasewritedowntheirnames.

6.WhataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofJuryTrial?

7.WhatarethepopularfestivalsinAmerica?

Pleaselisttwoorthreenamesofthem.

8.WhatisthefunctionofmonarchinBritain?

9.WhyisBritishgovernmentsystemcalled“ConstitutionalMonarchy”?

10.PleaselistsomefamousriversinAmerica.

11.Whatmeasurescangovernmenttaketoadjustthedevelopmentofeconomy?

12.WhydosomeHistorianscallblackAmericans“unwillingimmigrants”?

13.WhatarethefactorsthatcanhelpyoudecidesocialstatusofamaninBritishsociety?

14.WhatarethespiritsAmericanPeopleworship?

15.HowdoesAmericangovernmentsystemdemonstratetheprincipleof“ChecksandBalances”?

2011英美文化与国家概况期末考试填空与简答复习题

2、知识填空题：

（40题）

1.GreatBritain;Britain

2.England;Wales;NorthernIreland

3.HighlandZone;LowlandZone

4.Vice-president

5.wool

6.Birmingham

7.five

8.Universities;OpenUniversities

9.Canada;Mexico

10.Severn

11.WhiteHouse

12.urban;rural

13.railway

14.Balances

15.Christianity;JesusChrist

16.MississippiRiver

17.established;England;Scotland

18.shipbuilding;motorvehicleproduction

19.ModernEnglish

20.thePalaceofWestminster

21.Senate;HouseofRepresentatives;100;two

22.upper;lower

23.Cabinet

24.parties

25.speech;thepress

26.theSupremeCourt

27.hung

28.solicitors;barristers

29.free

30.bio-fuels

31.decency

32.SiliconValley

33.CentralPlain;Appalachian;Rocky

34.workshop

35.Wyoming

36.LasVegas

37.privacy

38.high

39.light

40.independent

XX文库-让每个人平等地提升自我

4.简答问题：

（15题）

1.AsimmigrantsfromdifferentregionsandculturescametoliveintheUnitedStates,theiroldwaysoflifemeltaway,andtheybecamepartoftheAmericanculture.

2.Traditionally,theBritishculturehasbeencharacterizedbyitsrequirementofdecencyandcivilityindoingthings.

3.BecausetheweatherinBritainisverychangeable;moreover,asBritishpeopletendtoavoidprivatetopics,weatherisconsideredtobeasafetopic.

4.Today,Britishwomenarenolongerconfinedtotrditionalhousechores.Womenemployeescanbefoundinalmosteverypartofsociallife.Theymakeupabout48%oftheBritishlaborforce.Paidjobsmeantindependenceforwomen,whichfinallyledtochangesinwomen’ssocialstatus.

5.Mary;ElizabethI;Victoria;ElizabethII

6.ThejurytrialinBritainembodiessomebasicprincipleofthevaluecherishedbytheBritishpeople,suchastheprotectionofindividualrights.However,ifthejurycannotreachaunanimousagreement,itbecomesknownasahungjury.Thenanewjuryhastobeformed,andanewtrailiscalled.

7.ChristmasDay;NewYear’sDay;ThanksgivingDay;IndependenceDay;Lincoln’sBirthday;Halloween

8.Overcenturiesinhistory,theEnglishmonarchpersonallycontrolledsupremeexecutive,legislative,andjudicialpower.Afterthefoundingofthelawcourtinthe12thcenturyandParliamentinthe13thcentury,thedirectexerciseofthesefunctionsbythemonarchgraduallydecreased.

9.Ontheonehand,MonarchisthesymbolofsupremepowerinBritain;ontheotherhand,thepowerofMonarchislimitedbylaws,andithasmainlyadvisoryandceremonialresponsibilities,therealpowerisclenchedbyPrimeMinisterandparliament.

10.theMississippiRiver,theMissouriRiver,theOhioRiver,theTennesseeRiver,theColoradoRiver,TheRioGrandeRiver,thePotomacRiver,theHudsonRiver

11.1）Fiscalpolicy:

increase/decreasetaxrate;increase/decreasegovernmentbudget.

2）Monetarypolicy:

increase/decreaseinterestrate;issuenationalbond.

12.Becausetheywerevictimsofthetrafficinslaves.

13.wealth,clothes,accent,education,familybackground,gestures,socialcircle,profession…

14.ThespiritsAmericanPeopleworshiparesupposedtoincludeequality,freedom,hardwork,self-reliance.

15.1）Executivebranchcanchecklegislativebranchthrough:

A.BringupwithBillsB.DenyBillsC.Implementpolicies

2）Legislativebranchcancheckexecutivebranchthrough:

A.InitiaterevenuebillB.RejectnominationC.InvestigationD.Impeachment

3）Legislativebranchcancheckjudicialbranchthrough:

A.AppointjudgesB.DeterminebudgetC.Overthrowverdict

D.Impeachment

4）Judicialbranchcanchecklegislativebranchthrough:

A.JudicialreviewofActsB.passedbycongress

5）Executivebranchcancheckjudicialbranchthrough“appointingJudgesontheadviceofcongress”.

6）Judicialbranchcancheckexecutivebranchthrough“judicialreviewofExecutiveaction”.

（写出任意三点可得满分）