新视野大学教程课后答案第二册专科.docx
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新视野大学教程课后答案第二册专科
UnitOne
SectionA:
TheFirstMcDonald’sRestaurant
Ⅰ.BackgroundInformation
RayKroc:
RayKrocwasthefounderoftheMcDonald'sCorporation.BrothersMacandDickMcDonaldopenedthefirst"SpeedeeShakesandBurgers"drive-incalledMcDonald'sin1953inStBernadino,California.Theywerepersuadedtosellthenametomilkshakesalesman,Kroc,whoopenedthefirststoreoftheMcDonald'sCorporationin1955inDesPlaines,Illinois.McDonald'snowhasover20,000storesin90countries.Thecompanyclaimsitserves29millionpeopleadayandthatanewstoreopenssomewhereintheworldeverysevenhours.
Krocdiedinthe1980'sbuthehashisownshrineintheCorporation'sheadquarterswithvideo-audiohooks-upssothathecananswertraineemanagers'questionsfromthegrave.
Quotes
"TheIsraelipeopleareinfectedwithAmericanization.Wemustnotbeconcernedforcultureonlyasculture,butunderstandwhatIsraelicultureis,andIsraelireligion.WemustbewaryofMcDonald's;wemustbewaryofMichaelJackson;wemustbewaryofMadonna."
--IsraeliPresidentEzerWeizman,summer1999
Ⅲ.NewWordsandPhrases
1.damage v.harmorspoil
Manybuildingswerebadlydamagedduringthewar.
Itwasapoliticalscandal,whichdamagedalotofreputations.
n.harmorinjury
Theflooddidalotofdamagetothecrops.
ExtendingKnowledge:
C.f.damage,destroy,ruin,andspoil这几个词都表示“损坏”或毁坏。
1)damage表示使被损物失去或降低自身价值,或者失去其使用价值、功能等,但没有受到完全损坏。
如:
Thebridgewasbadlydamagedbytheflood. 那座桥被洪水损坏得很严重。
2)destroy表示“毁坏”的力度和彻底性,也可表示毁坏抽象事物。
(程度比damage重很多)如:
Thetyphoondestroyeddozensofhouses. 台风摧毁了十几间房屋。
Allmyhopesweredestroyedbyhisletterofrefusal.
他回信拒绝,使我的希望完全破灭了。
3)ruin比destroy更常用,表示由于天气、年龄、疏忽大意、灾害等损害了原本完整的结构、健全的心理、自身价值、财产等。
如:
Thefrostruinedthecrops. 霜冻把庄稼全毁了。
4)spoil表示损坏,破坏,宠坏,溺爱,不仅指美观、价值受到损坏,也指完整性、完美性及整体感受到破坏,不如从前;有时也含有最终完全毁灭之义。
如:
Ifyoueatsweetsjustbeforeameal,youwillspoilyour
appetite. 在用餐前吃甜点会破坏你的食欲。
Shespoiledhergrandson. 她把孙子宠坏了
Exercises:
1.Thewindstorm_____allthecity.
A.damage B.destroy C.spoil
2.Hisbadbehavior_____alltheheavyatmosphereintheparty.
A.spoil B.destroy C.ruin
Key:
BA
2.public n.(the~)peopleingeneral
Thepublicwasprovokedtoanger. 公众被激怒了。
Themuseumisopentothepublic. 这个博物馆对大众开放。
Adj.1)fortheuseofeveryone;notforprivate
Youmustn'tdothatinapublicplace. 你不可在公共场所做那事。
2)of,fororconcerningpeopleingeneral
Thepublicimageisveryimportanttoapolitician. 公众形象对于政客来讲非常重要。
3.location n.[C]aspecialplaceorposition locate v.
First,wemustdecideonthelocationofournewswimmingpool.
我们先得给新游泳池选个地点。
HeindicatedthelocationofthePersianGulfwithapenonthemap.
他用一支笔在地图上标出了波斯湾的位置。
4.inspect vt.examine(sth.)closelyorindetail,esp.inordertojudgequalityorcorrectness;makeanofficialvisittojudgethequality
Theyinspectedtheroofforleaks. 他们检查了屋顶看看是否有漏隙。
HealthDepartmentofficialscametoinspectthefactory. 卫生部的官员来视察这个工厂。
n.inspection, inspector
5.structure n.1)[C]sth.formedofmanyparts,esp.abuilding
Wevisitedthemuseum,asteelandglassstructure.
我们参观了博物馆,它是一座钢和玻璃的建筑物。
Thebuildershadputupatallstructurebetweentheshops.
建筑工人已经在商店之间建起一座高层建筑.
2)[U]thewayinwhichpartsareformedintoawhole
Canyouanalyzethestructureofthesentenceforme?
你能给我分析一下这个句子的结构吗?
v.arrangeintoawholeform,inwhicheachpartisrelatedtoothers
Itisdifficultformetounderstandwhythingsarestructuredinsuchawayintheirfamily.
我真弄不懂他们家怎么这样安排事情。
6.amount n.howmuchsomethingis;sum
Alargeamountofmoneyisspentonadvertisementseveryyear.
Theamountofunemployedcapitalisverylarge.
PhrasalVerb:
amountto:
beaddupto;beintotal;bethesameas
Hissavingsamountto$20000.
Whatyousayamountstoadirectaccusation.
7.claim v.
(1).statethatsomethingistrueorisafact
Heclaimedhewasbankrupt.
Sheclaimedthattheringwasstolen,notlost.
她声言那只戒指是被偷的,而不是遗失的。
(2)demandsomethingbecausesomeonebelieveitbelongstohimorhehasarighttoit
Ifnooneclaimsthemoney,youcankeepit.
Practice:
Translating(FromEnglishtoChinese)
Youcanclaimyourmoneybackifthegoodsaredamaged.
如果货物被损坏,你可以要求退款。
Haveyouclaimedtheinsuranceyet?
你索要保险金了吗?
n.1)[C]astatementthatsth.istrueorreal
Thegovernment'sclaimthatwarwasnecessarywasclearlymistaken.
政府声称战争是必然的,这说法显然是错误的。
2)[C,U]ademandorrequestforsth.whichonehasarighttohave
Awomanmadeaclaimagainstadepartmentstorebecauseshewashurtwhileshoppinginthestore.
有位女士向百货商店提出索赔要求,因为她在商场购物时受了伤。
Noticewhen“claim”means“arightofsth.”,itisoftenfollowedby“to”or“on”.
e.g.Nobodyhadmadeaclaimtothisbag. 没人来认领这只包。
Hehasaclaimonthishouseasheistheowner’sstepfather.
因为他是房子主人的继父,所以这房子他也有一份。
8.deny v.declareuntrue;refusetobelieveoraccept;notadmit
Themandeniesthathehasevermetherbefore.
Noonecoulddenythefactthatyoumadeithappen.
ExtendingKnowledge:
C.f.Deny/Refuse/Reject/Decline
Oneusefulwayofseeingthedifferencebetweenwordsistolookattheoppositeofeachone...
'Accept'couldbetheoppositeof'refuse','reject'and'decline',sowecanseethatthesewordshaveverysimilarmeanings.
Theoppositeof'deny'wouldbe'admit',however,sothisisdifferenttotheothers-an'oddoneout'.
denyanallegation refuseanoffer
rejectasuggestion–and declineaformalinvitation.
Deny 拒绝承认某事物的存在、真实性或价值
Refuse通常暗示决心且常带有粗鲁
Reject表示因为不令人满意、有缺陷或无用而抛弃;它暗示无条件的拒绝Decline意为有礼貌地拒绝
9.register n.[C](abookcontaining)anofficialrecordorlist
Noregisterofhisdeathwasfound. 没有查到他的死亡记录。
Theteacherkeptaregisterofthenamesofthechildren. 这个老师保留了一份孩子们的名册。
vt.1)putintoanofficialrecordorlist
Thecarwasregisteredinmyname. 汽车是用我的名字登记注册的
2)sendbyregisteredpost
Registeredmailishandledseparatelyfromalltheothermail,andrecordsarekept.
挂号信和其他信件是分开处理的,而且是有记录的。
10.indangerof:
likelytobehurtordamagedby
如果我们不立刻采取措施保护这些珍惜动物,不久他们将处于灭绝的危险。
Ifwedon’ttakeimmediatemeasurestoprotecttherareanimals,theywillbeinthedangerofdistinctionsoon.
11.stop…from…:
prevent…from…
Aslongaswehaveastrongwill,nothingcouldstopusfromachievingourgoals.
只要我们意志坚强,任何东西也无法阻止我们实现自己的目标。
12.takeaway:
removesth.fromaparticularplace
Themercilessflooddestroyedmyhome,butdidnottakeawaymytrueloveforthehometown.
无情的洪水摧毁了我的家,但却没有带走我对家乡的挚爱。
UnitOne
SectionA:
TheFirstMcDonald’sRestaurant
Ⅰ.Mainidea
PeopleinDowneyandtheMcDonald’sholddifferentopinionsabouthowtodealwiththefirstMcDonald’srestaurant.Ontheonehand,theresidentsinDowneythinkthebuildingshouldbesavedbecauseitisaculturalsymbolandgivesthemgoodmemories.Ontheotherhand,theMcDonald’ssaysthebuildingshouldbetorndownfortwomainreasons.ButsomepeopleinDowneyaswellassomelocalhistoriansthinkthatthesearejustexcusesforchangingthehistory.Inspiteofthis,everyonehopesthepeopleofDowneyandtheMcDonald’willsoonfindpeace.
Ⅱ.Structure
Partone(Para.1-3):
thehistoryofMcDonald’sandrelatedbackground
Parttwo(Para.4-10):
thedifferentopinionsheldbytheDowneypeopleandtheMcDonald’smanagersandtheirreasons
Partthree(Para.11-12):
thefinalsituationoftheMcDonald’srestaurantandpeople’shope
Ⅲ.TextLearning
1.McDonald’s,though,saysthebuildingshouldbetorndown.
Paraphrase:
However,McDonald’ssaysthatthebuildingshouldbepulleddown.
though:
nevertheless
teardown:
(esp.abuliding)pulldown,esp.violently;destroy
e.g.Theoldcastlewhichwasevertorndownhasbeenrebuilt,thusbecomingaveryattractivetouristspot.
这座曾经被拆毁的古城堡又重建起来,成为旅游热点。
2.Builtin1953,therestaurant…istheoldestofalltheGoldenArchesinAmerica…
“builtin1953”isapastparticipialphraseservingasanadverbialreason.
“GoldenArches”herereferstoalltheMcDonald’srestaurants.ItoriginallyreferstothelogoofMcDonald’s.
3.ManypeopleinthetownofDowneydon’tagreewiththislineofthinking,though.
Paraphrase:
ButmanyDowneypeopledon’tagreewithMcDonald’sviewthatthebuildingwasdestroyed.
agreewith:
haveorsharethesameopinion,feelingorpurpose
Apersonismorelikelytowinothers’trustwhenwhathesaysalwaysagreeswithwhathedoes.
一个言行一致的人往往能赢得他人的信赖。
ExtendingKnowledge:
agree后面接介词法比较复杂,常见用法有:
1.about:
涉及讨论的题目。
Theyneveragreeaboutpolitics.
关于政治问题,他们总是意见不一致。
2.on(upon):
要确定一样事情,主要指双方通过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议。
Canweagreeonadateforthenextmeeting?
我们能不能为下次会议确定一个时间?
Canweagreeonaprice(adate)?
我们能不能商定一个价格(日期)?
注:
1)在正式文体中,有时可省略介词on。
如:
Canweagreeaprice(date)?
2)后接动名词,表示同意做某事。
如:
Heagreedonhelpingus.他同意帮助我们。
注:
与agreetodosth大致同义。
所以上句也可说成:
Heagreedtohelpus.
3.to:
涉及一件建议或计划。
He'sagreedtooursuggestionabouttheholiday. \
他已经同意我们关于假日的计划了。
Notice:
1)后接某些名词,表示同意或接受某事,尤其指别人提出的某事,有时可能是自己不喜欢的事。
Iwasforcedtoagreetoit,butatheartIdidn’tquiteagreewithit.我被迫答应,但内心并不完全同意。
2)后接动词原形(此时to是不定式符号)或动名词(一般有逻辑主语,此时to是介词)。
如:
Weagreedtoleaveearly.我们同意早点出发。
Sheagreedtomygoinghome.她同意我回去。
注:
英语不说agreesb.todosth.。
如不说:
*Sheagreedmetogohome.
4.with:
1)涉及意思、想法、分析、解释以及涉及人的时候。
Theymightnotagreewithhisopinions.