新视野大学教程课后答案第二册专科.docx

1、新视野大学教程课后答案第二册专科Unit OneSection A: The First McDonalds Restaurant. Background InformationRay Kroc: Ray Kroc was the founder of the McDonalds Corporation. Brothers Mac and Dick McDonald opened the first Speedee Shakes and Burgers drive-in called McDonalds in 1953 in St Bernadino, California. They wer

2、e persuaded to sell the name to milkshake salesman, Kroc, who opened the first store of the McDonalds Corporation in 1955 in Des Plaines, Illinois. McDonalds now has over 20,000 stores in 90 countries. The company claims it serves 29 million people a day and that a new store opens somewhere in the w

3、orld every seven hours.Kroc died in the 1980s but he has his own shrine in the Corporations headquarters with video-audio hooks-ups so that he can answer trainee managers questions from the grave.QuotesThe Israeli people are infected with Americanization. We must not be concerned for culture only as

4、 culture, but understand what Israeli culture is, and Israeli religion. We must be wary of McDonalds; we must be wary of Michael Jackson; we must be wary of Madonna.-Israeli President Ezer Weizman, summer 1999. New Words and Phrases1. damage v. harm or spoilMany buildings were badly damaged during t

5、he war.It was a political scandal, which damaged a lot of reputations.n. harm or injuryThe flood did a lot of damage to the crops.Extending Knowledge:C.f. damage, destroy, ruin, and spoil 这几个词都表示 “损坏” 或 毁坏 。1) damage 表示使被损物失去或降低自身价值，或者失去其使用价值、功能等，但没有受到完全损坏。如： The bridge was badly damaged by the floo

6、d.那座桥被洪水损坏得很严重。2) destroy 表示“毁坏”的力度和彻底性，也可表示毁坏抽象事物。（程度比damage重很多）如： The typhoon destroyed dozens of houses.台风摧毁了十几间房屋。 All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal. 他回信拒绝，使我的希望完全破灭了。3) ruin比destroy 更常用，表示由于天气、年龄、疏忽大意、灾害等损害了原本完整的结构、健全的心理、自身价值、财产等。如： The frost ruined the crops.霜冻把庄稼全毁了。4) spoi

7、l表示损坏，破坏，宠坏，溺爱，不仅指美观、价值受到损坏，也指完整性、完美性及整体感受到破坏，不如从前；有时也含有最终完全毁灭之义。如： If you eat sweets just before a meal，you will spoil your appetite. 在用餐前吃甜点会破坏你的食欲。She spoiled her grandson.她把孙子宠坏了Exercises:1. The windstorm _ all the city.A. damage B. destroy C. spoil2. His bad behavior _ all the heavy atmosphere

8、in the party.A. spoil B. destroy C. ruinKey: B A2. public n. (the ) people in generalThe public was provoked to anger.公众被激怒了。The museum is open to the public. 这个博物馆对大众开放。Adj. 1) for the use of everyone; not for privateYou mustnt do that in a public place.你不可在公共场所做那事。2) of, for or concerning people i

9、n generalThe public image is very important to a politician. 公众形象对于政客来讲非常重要。3. location n. Ca special place or position locate v.First, we must decide on the location of our new swimming pool.我们先得给新游泳池选个地点。He indicated the location of the Persian Gulf with a pen on the map.他用一支笔在地图上标出了波斯湾的位置。4. insp

10、ect vt. examine (sth.) closely or in detail, esp. in order to judge quality or correctness; make an official visit to judge the qualityThey inspected the roof for leaks.他们检查了屋顶看看是否有漏隙。Health Department officials came to inspect the factory. 卫生部的官员来视察这个工厂。n. inspection, inspector5. structure n. 1) C

11、sth. formed of many parts, esp. a buildingWe visited the museum, a steel and glass structure.我们参观了博物馆,它是一座钢和玻璃的建筑物。The builders had put up a tall structure between the shops.建筑工人已经在商店之间建起一座高层建筑.2) U the way in which parts are formed into a wholeCan you analyze the structure of the sentence for me? 你

12、能给我分析一下这个句子的结构吗？v. arrange into a whole form, in which each part is related to othersIt is difficult for me to understand why things are structured in such a way in their family.我真弄不懂他们家怎么这样安排事情。6. amount n. how much something is; sumA large amount of money is spent on advertisements every year.The

13、amount of unemployed capital is very large.Phrasal Verb: amount to: be add up to; be in total; be the same asHis savings amount to $20000.What you say amounts to a direct accusation.7.claim v. (1). state that something is true or is a factHe claimed he was bankrupt.She claimed that the ring was stol

14、en, not lost.她声言那只戒指是被偷的,而不是遗失的。(2) demand something because someone believe it belongs to him or he has a right to itIf no one claims the money, you can keep it.Practice: Translating (From English to Chinese)You can claim your money back if the goods are damaged.如果货物被损坏，你可以要求退款。Have you claimed the

15、 insurance yet?你索要保险金了吗？n. 1) C a statement that sth. is true or realThe governments claim that war was necessary was clearly mistaken.政府声称战争是必然的，这说法显然是错误的。2) C,U a demand or request for sth. which one has a right to haveA woman made a claim against a department store because she was hurt while shop

16、ping in the store.有位女士向百货商店提出索赔要求， 因为她在商场购物时受了伤。Notice when “claim” means “a right of sth.”, it is often followed by “to” or “on”.e.g. Nobody had made a claim to this bag.没人来认领这只包。He has a claim on this house as he is the owners stepfather.因为他是房子主人的继父，所以这房子他也有一份。8. deny v. declare untrue; refuse to

17、believe or accept; not admitThe man denies that he has ever met her before.No one could deny the fact that you made it happen.Extending Knowledge:C.f. Deny / Refuse / Reject / DeclineOne useful way of seeing the difference between words is to look at the opposite of each one.Accept could be the oppo

18、site of refuse, reject and decline, so we can see that these words have very similar meanings.The opposite of deny would be admit, however, so this is different to the others - an odd one out.deny an allegation refuse an offerreject a suggestion and decline a formal invitation.Deny 拒绝承认某事物的存在、真实性或价值

19、Refuse 通常暗示决心且常带有粗鲁Reject 表示因为不令人满意、有缺陷或无用而抛弃；它暗示无条件的拒绝 Decline 意为有礼貌地拒绝9. register n.C (a book containing) an official record or listNo register of his death was found. 没有查到他的死亡记录。The teacher kept a register of the names of the children. 这个老师保留了一份孩子们的名册。vt. 1) put into an official record or listThe

20、 car was registered in my name. 汽车是用我的名字登记注册的2) send by registered postRegistered mail is handled separately from all the other mail, and records are kept.挂号信和其他信件是分开处理的，而且是有记录的。10. in danger of : likely to be hurt or damaged by如果我们不立刻采取措施保护这些珍惜动物，不久他们将处于灭绝的危险。If we dont take immediate measures to p

21、rotect the rare animals, they will be in the danger of distinction soon.11. stop from: prevent fromAs long as we have a strong will, nothing could stop us from achieving our goals.只要我们意志坚强，任何东西也无法阻止我们实现自己的目标。12. take away: remove sth. from a particular placeThe merciless flood destroyed my home, but

22、 did not take away my true love for the home town.无情的洪水摧毁了我的家，但却没有带走我对家乡的挚爱。Unit OneSection A: The First McDonalds Restaurant. Main idea People in Downey and the McDonalds hold different opinions about how to deal with the first McDonalds restaurant. On the one hand, the residents in Downey think th

23、e building should be saved because it is a cultural symbol and gives them good memories. On the other hand, the McDonalds says the building should be torn down for two main reasons. But some people in Downey as well as some local historians think that these are just excuses for changing the history.

24、 In spite of this, everyone hopes the people of Downey and the McDonald will soon find peace. StructurePart one (Para.1-3): the history of McDonalds and related backgroundPart two (Para.4-10): the different opinions held by the Downey people and the McDonalds managers and their reasonsPart three (Pa

25、ra.11-12): the final situation of the McDonalds restaurant and peoples hope. Text Learning1. McDonalds, though, says the building should be torn down.Paraphrase: However, McDonalds says that the building should be pulled down.though: neverthelesstear down: (esp. a buliding) pull down, esp. violently

26、; destroye.g. The old castle which was ever torn down has been rebuilt, thus becoming a very attractive tourist spot.这座曾经被拆毁的古城堡又重建起来，成为旅游热点。2. Built in 1953, the restaurant is the oldest of all the Golden Arches in America“built in 1953” is a past participial phrase serving as an adverbial reason.“

27、Golden Arches” here refers to all the McDonalds restaurants. It originally refers to the logo of McDonalds.3. Many people in the town of Downey dont agree with this line of thinking, though.Paraphrase: But many Downey people dont agree with McDonalds view that the building was destroyed.agree with:

28、have or share the same opinion, feeling or purposeA person is more likely to win others trust when what he says always agrees with what he does.一个言行一致的人往往能赢得他人的信赖。Extending Knowledge:agree后面接介词法比较复杂，常见用法有：1. about: 涉及讨论的题目。They never agree about politics. 关于政治问题，他们总是意见不一致。2.on(upon): 要确定一样事情,主要指双方通过

29、协商而取得一致意见或达成协议。Can we agree on a date for the next meeting? 我们能不能为下次会议确定一个时间？Can we agree on a price (a date)? 我们能不能商定一个价格(日期)?注：1)在正式文体中，有时可省略介词 on。如：Can we agree a price (date)?2) 后接动名词，表示同意做某事。如：He agreed on helping us. 他同意帮助我们。注：与 agree to do sth 大致同义。所以上句也可说成：He agreed to help us.3. to: 涉及一件建议或

30、计划。Hes agreed to our suggestion about the holiday. 他已经同意我们关于假日的计划了。Notice: 1) 后接某些名词，表示同意或接受某事，尤其指别人提出的某事，有时可能是自己不喜欢的事。I was forced to agree to it, but at heart I didnt quite agree with it. 我被迫答应，但内心并不完全同意。2) 后接动词原形(此时to是不定式符号)或动名词(一般有逻辑主语，此时 to 是介词)。如：We agreed to leave early. 我们同意早点出发。She agreed to my going home. 她同意我回去。注：英语不说 agree sb. to do sth.。如不说：* She agreed me to go home.4.with: 1)涉及意思、想法、分析、解释以及涉及人的时候。They might not agree with his opinions.