商务英语写作重点.docx
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商务英语写作重点
商务英语写作重点
名词解释写作目得(writingpurpose)
受众/读者(audience)
构思过程(thoughtprocess)
演绎式组织模式(deductiveorganizationalpatterns)
归纳式组织模式(inductiveorganizationalpatterns)
直接组织模式(directorganizationalpatterns)
间接组织模式(indirectorganizationalpatterns)
写作修改得3个步骤(threedistinctstagesofrevision:
addingon;movingaround;cuttingout)管理沟通(managerialmunication)
组织沟通(organizationalmunication)
人际关系与团队建设(humanrelationshipsandteambuilding)
销售沟通(salesmunication)
商务文件(businessdocumentation)
国际交流(跨文化交际)(internationalmunication/interculturalmunication)表达式写作(expressivewriting)
沟通式写作(municativewriting)
简洁风格(clarity)
简易风格(theplainstyle)
简明风格(concision)附件说明信函(coverlettersofrésumé)
3类求职信函(threegeneraltypesofcoverlettersforjobapplications:
theapplicationletter;theprospectingletter;networkingletter)后续询问信函(followupletter)
致谢信函(thankyouletter)
谢绝工作回复(jobrejectionletter)
接受工作回复(jobacceptanceletter)
辞职信函(resignationletter)告别信函(farewellletter)常见履历表格式(monrésuméformats):
按年月顺序(chronologicalrésuméformat)按任职顺序(functionalrésuméformat)复合式(binationrésuméformat)简短文件(shortdocument)
信息咨询函(messagetoobtaininformation)
谈判便函(messagesthatnegotiate)
说服沟通便函(persuasivemessages)商务便函得特征(8C):
清晰性(clarity)正确性(correctness)具体性(concreteness)完整性(pleteness)周到性(consideration)礼貌性(courtesy)简洁性(conciseness)一致性(coherence)商务备忘录版式(formatofabusinessmemo)
商务备忘录功能(functionofabusinessmemo)
信函结构(structureofaletter)
信件与信封格式(stylesofletterandenvelop)会议纪要(minutes)
逐字记录(verbatimminutes)
决议记录(minutesofresolution)
陈述记录(minutesofnarration)
记录内容版式(minutes’contentformat)会议议程(meetingagenda)
会议筹划(meetingpreparations)
会议程序(3个环节)(meetingprocess:
planning&preparing,conducting,andfollowingup)会议后续工作(followupactivities)
后续文案职责(accountabilityoffollowups)书面发言写作策略(writingstrategiesforbusinesspresentation)
书面发言得材料组织(wringorganizationforbusinesspresentation)
书面发言用语(languageusedinapresentation)
书面发言避讳用语(languageavoidedinapresentation)人际沟通得功能(functionsofinterpersonalmunication)
人际沟通得目得(purposeofinterpersonalmunication)
人际沟通得4个阶段(fourgeneralstagesininterpersonalmunication)团队得特征(groupcharacteristics)
团队得角色(grouproles)
团队影响力(groupinfluence)
沟通结构(municationstructures)企业前景(vision)
企业使命(mission)
企业价值观(corporatevalues)
企业目标(goal)
战略计划(strategies)政策与流程(policiesandprocedures)
业务流程得构成要素(15个)(contentofprocedures)
业务流程得版式及内容(formatofaprocedure)商务文件得层次结构(3个)(tiersofdocumentation)
ISO9000质量体系(ISO9000QualitySystem)议程报告(agenda)
行程安排(itinerary)
费用支出报告(expensereports)
项目进程报告(progressreport)
人事评估报告(personnelevaluation)第一手资料来源(primarysources)
第二手资料来源(secondarysources)
商务蓝皮书(blueprint)
商务计划书(businessplan)
战略性计划书(strategicplan)
战术性计划书(tacticalplan)
操作性计划书(operationalplan)操作性管理(operationalcontrol)
战术性管理(tacticalcontrol)
战略性管理(strategiccontrol)商务背景(businessbackground)市场计划(marketingplan)
财务预测(financialprojections)
行动计划(actionplans)商务提案(businessproposal)
内部提案(internalproposal)
外部提案(externalproposal)
招标提案(solicitedproposal)
非招标提案(unsolicitedproposal)提案写作得简单模式(simpleformforproposalwriting)
提案写作得复杂模式(detailedformforproposalwriting)
外部提案得结构要素(6个)(elementsoftheexternalproposal:
introduction;problemidentifiedanddefined;objective&goalset;solutionsproposed;implementation&measuring;costsandtimeframeestimated)
内部提案模式得内容版式(contentformatofinternalproposal)征集提案(RequestforProposal,RFP)
征集启示得基本要素(basicponentsofaRFP)
提案评估(proposalevaluation)引证信息(documentinginformation)
解析数据(interpretingdata)
常规商务报告(routinereports)
任务报告(taskreports)
条目清单功能(itemizedlists)图表辅助功能(graphicaids)
标题得功能(headings)协议得本质(essenceofadeal)
合同得修订(contractualmodifications)
违约与补偿(breachofcontractandremedy)
律师费用条款(attorneysfeesclause)
合同免责(escapefromcontract)
第三方签字(thirdpartysignature)
合同追加条款(contractrider)
合同授权(authorization)商务谈判(contractnegotiation)
合同起草(contractdrafting)
合同实施(execution)
合同终止(closeout)合同(contract)合同有效性(validityofcontracts)
要约(offer)接受(acceptance)
法定权力(capacity)Salescontracts买卖合同
Contractsforsupplyofpower,water,gasorheat供应电、水、气、热力合同Contractsforloanofmoney借款合同Leasingcontracts租赁合同Financialleasingcontracts承揽合同Contractsforconstructionprojects建设工程合同Carriagecontracts运输合同Technologycontracts技术合同Safekeepingcontracts保管合同Warehousingcontracts仓库合同Agencyappointmentcontracts委托合同Tradingtrustcontracts行纪合同Brokeragecontracts居间合同大题1,8C
1.Clarity:
keepitshort;keepitsimple;avoidambiguity;writeintheactivevoice;avoidorexplaintechnicalwords;avoidusingjargon;gettothepoint;WriteinplainEnglish
2、Correctness:
linkyourideas;becarefulaboutplacementofsubordinateclauses;besurethatapronoun,aparticipialphrase,oranappositiverefersclearlytothepropersubject;MakethesubjectandverbagreewithEachOther,NotwithaWordThatesbetweenThem;Tojointwoindependentclauses,Useamafollowedbyaconjunction,asemicolonalone,orasemicolonfollowedbyasentencemodifier、;Makearightchoiceofword;Watchoutrepetitivewording;Putparallelideasinparallel
constructions;3、Concreteness:
useconcretewordsinsteadofabstractones;omitqualifiersandvagueexpressions;useactionverbsandconcretenouns;voidoverusingnounformsofverbs;don”tchangeverbsintonouns;avoidunnecessarydoublenegative;avoidnounstrings;takeastand;keepacronymsundercontrol;4、pleteness:
makeitpletebyconstructingalongerparagraph;usethewhodoeswhatorderandavoidpadding;provideaclearmessage;avoidinpletequestion;avoidfragmentinwriting;takeanoverallview;5、Consideration:
writefromthe“you”perspective;emphasizethepositive;handlethecustomer”splaintspecifically;interactwiththeaddresseeinaconversationaltone;avoidusinginflatedlanguage;avoidusingquasilegalisms;usepersonalreference;useconrractions;6、Courtesy:
showrespect;showappreciation;avoidtheproblemofgender;writeprofessionally;7、Conciseness:
eliminate”thefiller”;omitrepetitivewording;replacecircumlocutionswithdirectexpressions;useshortwords;avoidusingoldfashionedexpessions;8、Coherence2,MessagethatNegotiate:
1、counterproposals:
counterproposalshavetwoobjectives:
first,youwanttoshowthereaderthathisorheroriginalproposalisnotfullyacceptable,and,second,youwanttopersuadethereadertoacceptyourcounterproposals、2、nonnegotiablechanges3、plexmessages3、、Typesofmeetings:
1、Sharinginformationandmonitoring2、decisionmakingandproblemsolving3、creative/ideagenerating4、legislative/administrative5、advisory6、socialandceremonial4、Minutes’contentformat:
1、mainheading2、timeandvenue3、attendance4、
chairperson5、agenda6、subtitles7、recordkeeper/minutestaker5、Functionsofinterpersonalmunication:
1)Gainingandgivinginformation2)Buildingacontextofunderstanding3)Establishingidentity4)Interpersonalneeds6、Thedyadiclifecycle:
theinitialstage;theformativestage;thematurestage;theseverancestage7、Presentationtypes:
purpose,audienceandmethods8、Writingstrategiesforbusinesspresentation:
1、Choosingarighttopicwithaclearpurpose2、Adaptingyourmessagestothelisteners3、Usingexplicittransitions4、Usingconcretewordsandvisuals5、Presentingnovelideas6、Makinganalogies7、Quotations8、Storytelling9、Plottingconflict10、Cuttinginhumor11、Keepthematerialingoodtaste12、Allowingforredundancy9、、书面发言注意事项:
1、beginwithatopicsentence2、limitthenumberofmajorpointsyouwanttomaketo34、
3、recapyourideasormainpointPresentationpreparing:
1、writeascript,practiceit,andkeeoitaroundforquickreferenceduringyourtalk;2、setupanoutlineofyourtalk,practicewithit,andbringitforreference;3、setupcuecards,practicewiththem,andusethemduringyourpresentation4、writeafullscriptandreadfromit、10、、商务沟通基础:
Businessmunicationdrawstringdrawsoninformationderivedformawidevarietyofotherdisciplines,including(butnotlimitedto)linguistics,semantics,rhetoric,psychology,sociology,graphicdesign,management,marketing,economics,andinformationtechnology、11、Purposeofthewriter:
1,Expressivewriting:
itispersonalandinformal,
employedtoencourage
prehensionandreflectiononthepartofwriter、2,municativewriting:
itpresupposesthatthewriteralreadyconsiderableknowledgeandunderstandingofthetopic,andiswritingtoinformortopersuadeareader、12、、得附件说明信函得5大基本目标:
Fiveprimarygoalsofgoodresumes;Goodresumesandresumecoverlettersmustbeableto;Cuttheclutter;Catchtheeye;Sellyourskills,Strengthsandsuccess;Directthereaderyourway;Getyoutothenextstep;14、、contentformatofaresumecover:
contentformatofaresumecover:
theresumecovershouldfollowthebasiccontentformatofatypicalbusinessletterandshouldincludethreegeneralissues:
firstparagraphwhyyouarewriting;middleparagraphwhatyouhavetooffer;concludingparagraphhowyouwillfollow;15、Top10resumetips:
Apageortwotolandyouajoboranleastaninterview;Fundamentalsdoexist;Customizationiscritical;Revealenoughtoexcite;Aresumeis99%ofthetimereadbyastranger;Onceyourbasiccontentisready;Reevaluatechoiceofwords,sentencestructureandlanguage;Spellcheck,;Whenyouarepresentinghardcopiesofyourresume,makesureyouusequalitystationery;Keepcopiesofhecariouscustomizedversionsofyourresume、;16、Essentialcontentsofresumes:
Goodresumehavingbeentobinefactwithfantasy、Byfact,itmeansthatdetailsprovidedinresumehavebe