专业英语四级阅读4.docx
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专业英语四级阅读4
Exercise4
PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION25MIN.
TEXTA
DuringtheOldKingdom,theEgyptiansmademanypracticaladvancesinmathematicsandthesciences.Egyptianfarmersdevisedmethodsofsurveyinglandoutofnecessity.Whenannualfloodswashedawayboundarymarkers,farmershadtoremeasuretheirfields.Theneedtosurveylandledtothedevelopmentofmathematics,particularlygeometry.Egyptianslearnedtomeasuretheareasofsquaresandcirclesandtofiguretheareasofsquaresandcirclesandtofigurethevolumesofcylindersandspheres.
TheneedtopredictregulareventssuchasNilefloodsandeclipsesledtoadvancesinastronomy.Priestsobservedtheskiesandplottedthecoursesofstarsandplanets.Thesepriestastronomersusedtheirknowledgetoproduceacalendarwitha365-days,andtheydividedayearinto12months,withthreeseasons:
theNilefloodseason,theplantingseason,andtheharvestseason.Theycalculatedthateachmonthhad30daysandtheyaddedfivedaystothelastmonthtototal365days.AlthoughtheEgyptiansmadenoallowanceforleapyears,theircalendar,asmodifiedbytheGreeksandRomans,isthebasisforthemoderncalendar.
TheEgyptianalsoinventedtechniquestobuildimpressivestonemonuments.Stoneworkerslearnedhowtocuttallobelisksfromasinglerock,usinghotfiresandcoldwatertomakethesurroundingrockscrack.Theythenfinishedthejobwithhammersandcrowbars.Egyptianengineeringoftemplesandpyramidswassoprecisethateachblockfitperfectlyintothenextone.
Egyptiansalsomadeimportantmedicaldiscoveries.AlthoughEgyptiandoctorsreliedheavilyonmagic,theymadescientificinquiries.Bystudyingthehumanbody,doctorslearnedtoperformsurgery.Ancientpapyrustextsdescribesuccessfuloperationstosetbrokenbonesandtreatspinalinjuries.TheGreeksandRomansacquiredmuchoftheirmedicalknowledgefromEgyptiansources.
81.Accordingtothepassage,thedevelopmentofgeometryintheancientEgyptwasdirectlydueto
A.thevastkingdomB.theflood
C.therepeatedsurveysoflandD.thedevelopmentofthemathematics
82.TheancientEgyptianpriests
A.couldpredictalltheregulareventsB.developedastronomy
C.producedthecurrentcalendarD.dividedayearintofourseasons
83.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat
A.theEgyptiandoctorsweresuperstitious
B.theEgyptiandoctorscouldperformoperationsbymagic
C.theEgyptiandoctorsusedpapyrustooperateonhumanbones
D.theEgyptiandoctorsweregreatlyinfluencedbytheGreeksandRomans
84.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?
A.TheNileandtheAncientEgypt.B.FloodsandGeometry.
C.TheAncientEgyptianScientificAchievements.D.TheAncientEgyptian.
TEXTB
Journalswrittenforcollegeclassesdifferfromprivatediarieswrittenforourselves.Whilehistoricallythetwotermshavebeenusedinterchangeably,todaywecanmakeausefuldistinctionbetweenthem:
diariesarepersonalnotebooksthatcontainprivatethought,memories,feelings,dreams--thingsofimportancetothewriterandnobodyelse.Journals,however,haveamorelimitedfocus;theycentermoreonthepointwherewriters'personallivesmeettheirintellectualandsociallives--inthiscase,centeringonthatmeetingasittakesplaceinthestudyofliterature.
IfyourEnglishteacherhasaskedyoutokeepajournal,itisprobablywiththehopethatyouwilluseittolocate,collect,andmakesenseofyourthoughtsaboutthecontentofyourliteratureclass:
aboutyourreactions,yourcandidreactionstoparticularlectures;aboutfirstideasforwritingassignmentsandlaterthoughtsonrevisingthoseassignments;aboutthepersonalconnectionsyoumaymakebetweenthiscourseandtherestofyourlife--whatevertheymaybe.
Itmightalsohelptoseparatejournalsfromclassnotebooks.Unlikediaries,classnotebookscontainalmostnothingatallthatispersonal,beingfilledastheyarewithotherpeople'sideas:
lectureanddiscussionnotes,copiedquotations,nextweek'sassignmentsandsoon.Thesenotebooksareespeciallyusefultohelpyoupassexaminations,butthat'saboutit.Thinkofyourjournalasacrossbetweenadiary(subjective)andaclassnotebook(objective):
inthejournalyouwriteabouttheobjectofstudyfromyourownpersonalperspective–andyouwriteprimarilytoyourself.
85.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthepurposeofteachersinassigningjournalsonliterature?
A.Tohelpthestudentsunderstandtheliteratureworksandthelesson.
B.Tomakesurethatthestudentshavereadthenovels,plays,orpoems.
C.Tofindoutthestudents'rolesinthediscussion.
D.Tocheckwhetherthestudentsarehardworking.
86.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatjournalis
A.apieceofwritingkepttoyourselfexclusively
B.apieceofobjectivewriting
C.apieceofwritingbothprivateandpublic
D.assignedbyteachers
TEXTC
USPresidentBillClintonannouncedaplanforexpandingavisaprogrammeforforeignerswithhigh-techskillslastThursday.Clintonwantstoissueanextra362,500H-lBvisasduringthenextthreeyearsandfourtimesthefeescollectedtocreateatrainingandeducationprogramforUSworkers.Hewouldalsorequirethatuptohalftheforeignersholdmaster'sdegreesorabovetoensureUScompaniesgethighlyskilledpeople.H-lBvisasareissuedtoforeignerswithcollegedegreesandallowthemtoworkintheUnitedStatesforuptosixyears.Theirnumberis115,000thisyear,butisscheduledtofallto107,500nextyearandthento65,000peryearafterthat.High-techindustryofficialssayatleast300,000jobsareunfilledduetothelackofqualifiedUSapplicants.Labourunionsarguetheindustryislookingoverseasmainlytoholddownwages.Clinton'sproposalwouldsetanoveralllimitof200,000visasayearforthreeyears,with10,000designatedannuallyforresearchandhighereducation.HewouldincreasethecurrentUSSS00feeforvisastoUSS2,000formostcompaniesandUSS3,000forcompaniesthatdependonforeignersforatleast15%oftheirworkforce.HalftheextramoneywouldbeusedtotrainUSworkers,30%wouldpayforeducatingUSworkersand20%toimprovetheImmigrationandNaturalizationService.
Also,Clintonproposedtochangeadeadlineforlong-termillegalimmigrantstoapplyforlegalresidence.Currently,onlyimmigrantswhoarrivedbefore1972canapplyforlegalstatus.
Clintonwantstomovethedateto1986,allowingmanymoreimmigrantstogainlegalstatus.
87.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat
A.accordingtoClinton'sproposal,362,500H-lBvisaswillbeissuedinthenextthreeyears
B.Clintonwantstoincreasethewagesofworkerswithhigh-techskillsbyfourtimes
C.Clintonwantstocollectmoremoneytotrainandeducatethenativeworkers
D.Clintonwon'tallowpeopleofcollegedegreetoimmigratetotheU.S.
88.WhydoesClintonputforwardthisproposal?
A.Hewantstoincreasemoreopportunitiesofemployment.
B.Hewantstomeettheneedofthecompaniesforpeopleofhigh-techskills,accordingtothehigh-techindustryofficials.
C.Hewantstoimprovetheworkingconditionsfortheforeignworkers.
D.Hewantstoreducethewagesoftheworkers,accordingtothehigh-techindustryofficials.
89.Clintonproposedto
A.increasethecurrentfeeforvisasbyUSS1,500orUS$2,500
B.increasethecurrentfeeforvisasbyUSS2,000orUSS3,000
C.increasethecurrentfeeforvisastoUSS2,000forcompaniesthatdependonforeignersforatleast15percentoftheirworkforce
D.increasethecurrentfeeforvisastoUSS3,000forcompaniesthatdependonforeignersfornomorethan15percentoftheirworkforce
90.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?
A.Theproposalwasputforwardlastweek.
B.Thenumberofvisasgiventoforeignworkersofcollegedegreeswillincrease.
C.Halfoftheforeignworkersshouldholdmasterdegrees.
D.HalfofthemoneycollectedfromtheincreaseofthefeeforvisaswillbespentonU.S.workers.
91.Thepassageismostlikelyfrom
A.anarticleofeconomicsB.atextofhistory
C.apoliticalreviewD.anewsreport
TEXTD
Americahasalwaysbeenalandofbeginnings.AfterEuropeans"discovered"Americainthefifteenthcentury,themysteriousNewWorldbecameformanypeopleagenuinehopeofanewlife,anescapefrompovertyandpersecution,achancetostartagain.Wecansaythat,asanation,Americabeginswiththathope.When,however,doesAmericanliteraturebegin?
AmericanliteraturebeginswithAmericanexperiences.Longbeforethefirstcolonistsarrived,beforeChristopherColumbus,beforetheNorthmenwho"found"Americaabouttheyear1000,NativeAmericanslivedhere.Eachtribe'sliteraturewastightlywovenintothefabricofdailylifeandreflectedtheunmistakablyAmericanexperienceofliningwiththeland.Anotherkindofexperience,onefilledwithfearandexcitement,founditsexpressioninthereportsthatColumbusandotherexplorerssenthomeinSpanish,French,andEnglish.Inaddition,thejournalsofthepeoplewholivedanddiedintheNewEnglandwildernesstellunforgettabletalesofhardandsometimesheartbreakingexperiencesofthoseearlyyears.
Experience,then,isthekeytoearlyAmericanliterature.TheNewWorldprovidedagreatvarietyofexperiences,andtheseexperiencesdemandedawidevarietyofexpressionsbyanevenwidervarietyofearlyAmericanwriters.ThesewritersincludedJohnSmith,whospentonlyabouttwo-and-one-halfyearsontheAmericancontinent.TheyincludedJonathanEdwardsandWilliamByrd,whothoughtofthemselvesasBritishsubjects,neversuspectingarevolutionthatwouldcreateaU