硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案.docx

硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案.docx

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硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案

2005年硕士研究生考试英语真题及答案

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SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1（10points）

Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,1thisislargelybecause,2animals,westandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare3toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,4themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact

5,weareextremelysensitivetosmells,6wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof7humansmellsevenwhentheseare8tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.

Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,9othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate10smellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend11tothebrain.However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell12cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen13toitoftenenough.

Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit

14tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan15newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay16explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmellswesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot17oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe18newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse's.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors19forunfamiliarandemergencysignals20thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.

1. ［A］although     ［B］as          ［C］but       ［D］while

2. ［A］above        ［B］unlike      ［C］excluding ［D］besides

3. ［A］limited      ［B］committed   ［C］dedicated ［D］confined

4. ［A］catching     ［B］ignoring    ［C］missing   ［D］tracking

5. ［A］anyway       ［B］though      ［C］instead   ［D］therefore

6. ［A］evenif      ［B］ifonly     ［C］onlyif   ［D］asif

7. ［A］distinguishing［B］discovering ［C］determining［D］detecting

8. ［A］diluted      ［B］dissolved   ［C］determining［D］diffused

9. ［A］when         ［B］since       ［C］for       ［D］whereas

10.［A］unusual      ［B］particular  ［C］unique    ［D］typical

11.［A］signs        ［B］stimuli     ［C］messages  ［D］impulses

12.［A］atfirst     ［B］atall      ［C］atlarge  ［D］attimes

13.［A］subjected    ［B］left        ［C］drawn     ［D］exposed

14.［A］ineffective  ［B］incompetent ［C］inefficient［D］insufficient

15.［A］introduce    ［B］summon      ［C］trigger   ［D］create

16.［A］still        ［B］also        ［C］otherwise ［D］nevertheless

17.［A］sure         ［B］sick        ［C］aware     ［D］tired

18.［A］tolerate ［B］repel  ［C］neglect    ［D］notice

19.［A］availabe ［B］reliable［C］identifiable［D］suitable

20.［A］similarto［B］suchas［C］alongwith ［D］asidefrom

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1（40points）

Text1

Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitalltoomonkey,aswell.

   Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan'sandDr.dewaal's;study.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbecamemarkedlydifferent.

   Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods（andmuchpreferabletocucumbers）Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedto;acceptthesliceofcucumberIndeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber（withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit）wasenoughtoreduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.

 Theresearchessuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions,inthewild,theyareaco-operative,grouplivingspecies,Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone,Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsformthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

21.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby

A.posingacontrast.B.justifyinganassumption.

C.makingacomparison.D.explainingaphenomenon.

22.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”（Lastline,paragraphl）impliesthat

A.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals.

B.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys'nature.

C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother.

D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions.

23.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare

A.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget.B.attentivetoresearchers'instructions.

C.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament.D.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions

24.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys

A.prefergrapestocucumbers.B.canbetaughttoexchangethings.

C.willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated.D.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers.

25.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.

B.Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.

C.Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.

D.Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.

Text2

   Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkill

usbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn'tknowforsure?

Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?

Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?

LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.

 Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheEarth'satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel'sreport“ScienceneverhasalltheanswersButsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatoutnationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”

 Justasonsmokingvoicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit'sOktokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.thisisadangerousgame:

bythe100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.

 Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit'sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident'sadvisersstilldon'ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch-aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis”.

 Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearchButresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon'ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobegin

fashioningconservationmeasuresAbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustryisapromisingstartManyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.

26.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat

A.therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath.

B.thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant.

C.peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife.

D.antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense.

27.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas

A.aprotector.B.ajudge.C.acritic.D.aguide.

28.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisb