初中英语近义词辨析中考复习.docx
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初中英语近义词辨析中考复习
初中英语近义词辨析中考复习
1.clothes,cloth,clothing
clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth指布，为不可数名词clothing服装的总称，指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof
2.family,house,home
home家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员.Myfamilyisahappyone.
3.sound,voice,noise
sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.
4.photo,picture,drawing
photo用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画.
5.population,people
population人口，人数，people具体的人Chinahasalargepopulation.
6.road,street,path,way
road具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径
takethisroad;inthestreet,showmethewaytothemuseum.
7.custom,habit
custom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接todo，habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接ofdoing.I'vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.
8.exercise,exercises,practice
exercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习
Practicemakesperfect.
9.class,lesson
作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class.Lesson6;class5.
10.officer,official
officer部队的军官，official政府官员anarmyofficer
11.work,job
二者均指工作。
work不可数，job可数agoodjob
12.couple,pair
couple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西apairoftrousers
13.country,nation,state,land
country侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家Thewholenationwassadatthenews.
14.police,policeman
police警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的警察Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.
15.problem,question
problem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask,answer连用.
16.chick,chicken
二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉Thechickenisdelicious.
17.trip,journey,travel,voyage
travel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行athree-daytrip
18.sport,game
sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则Hisfavoritesportisswimming.
19.price,prize
price价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金winthefirstprize,Thepriceishigh/low.
20.anumberof,thenumberof
anumberof许多，谓语动词用复数。
thenumberof…的数目，谓语动词用单数。
Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.
21.infrontof,inthefrontof
infrontof范围外的前面，inthefrontof范围内的前面Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.
22.threeofus,thethreeofus
threeofus我们（不止三个）中的三个，thethreeofus我们三个（就三个人）Thethreeofus---Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.
23.bybus,onthebus
bybus表手段，方式，不用冠词，onthebus表范围Theywenttherebybus.
24.nextyear,thenextyear
nextyear将来时间状语，thenextyear过去将来时间状语Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.
25.inplaceof,intheplaceof
inplaceof代替，intheplaceof在…地方Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone.
26.agirl,onegirl
agirl可泛指所有女孩,onegirl一个女孩Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox
27.thedoctorandteacher,thedoctorandtheteacher
thedoctorandteacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，thedoctorandtheteacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师thedoctorandteacheris
28.inbed,onthebed
inbed卧在床上，onthebed在床上Thebookisonthebed.Heisillinbed.
29.inchargeof,inthechargeof
inchargeof管理，负责照料，inthechargeof由……照料Heisinchargeofthematter.Thematterisinthechargeofher.
30.inclass,intheclass
inclass在课上，intheclass在班级里Heisthebeststudentintheclass.
31.asecond,thesecond
asecond又一，再一，thesecond第……Hewonthesecondprize.
32.it,one
it同一物体，one同类不同一Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.
33.that,this
that指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的Iwasill.That'swhy…
34.none,nothing,noone
none强调有多少，nothing,noone强调有没有，nothing指物，noone指人
---Howmany…/Howmuch…---None.
35.anyone,anyone
anyone指人，不能接of，anyone指人物均可，可接ofanyoneofyou
36.who,what
who指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位WhatisyourdadHeisateacher.
37.what,which
what的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择
Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples
38.other,another
other后接名词复数，another后接名词单数otherstudents,anotherstudent
39.many,much,alotof
many和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，alotof可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句Ihaven'tmanybooks.
40.muchmore…than,manymore…than
muchmore…than后接形容词或不可数名词，manymore…than后接可数名词manymorepeople,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful
41.no,not
no=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriendnowater=notanywater
42.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneself
byoneself单独的，独自的，foroneself为自己，tooneself供自己用的，ofoneself自行的，
自动的Thedooropenedofitself.
43.atall,afterall
atall根本，全然,afterall到底，毕竟Afterallheisachild.
44.tall,high
tall常指人或动物，high常指物体Heistall.
45.fast,quickly
fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快runfast,answerthequestionquickly
46.healthy,healthful
healthy健康的，健壮的，healthful有益于健康的healthfulexercise
47.sleeping,asleep,sleepy
sleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的
asleepingbabyThebabyisasleep.I'msleepy.
48.just,very
just表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语theveryman,justtheman
49.real,true
real真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合realgold,atruestory
50.pleasant,pleased,pleasing
pleasant常用作定语，pleased,pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，
pleasing主语常为物apleasanttripThetripispleasing.
51.ill,sick
ill做表语，sick定，表均可asickboy
52.good,well
good形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词Heiswellagain.
53.quiet,silent,still
quiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不动，完全无声响Hestandtherestill.他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。
54.hard,hardly
hard努力，hardly几乎不workhardIcanhardlybelieveit.
55.almost,nearly
二者均为"几乎,差不多"和否定词连用用almostalmostnobody
56.late,lately
late迟，晚，lately最近，近来Ihaven'tseenhimlately.
57.living,alive,live,lively
living,alive,live均为活着的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，lively意为活波的allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive
58.excited,exciting
excited使人兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的I'mexcited.Thenewsisexciting.
59.aloud,loud
aloud出声地，loud大声地readaloud（出声地读）
60.worth,worthy
二者均为值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接tobedone,ofbeingdone
Itisworthvisiting.=It'sworthytobevisited.=It'sworthyofbeingvisited.
61.bad,badly
bad形容词，badly副词，不好，但与need,want,require连用为"很，非常"gobad
Ineedthebookbadly.
62.beforelong,longbefore
beforelong不久以后，longbefore很久以前notlongbefore=beforelong
63.quite,rather
quite完全地，相当于completely,rather修饰比较级quiteimpossible
64.happy,glad
happy高兴，幸福，定表均可，glad高兴，只能做表语ahappygirl
65.instead,insteadof
instead是副词，放在句首或句末，insteadof是介词短语，放在句中
Hedidn'tseeafilm.InsteadhewatchedTV.?
HewatchedTVinsteadofseeingafilm.
66.toomuch,muchtoo
toomuch后接不可数名词，muchtoo后接形容词muchtooheavy
67.raise,rise
raise及物动词，rise不及物动词Thesunrisesintheeast.
68.bring,take,carry,fetch
bring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作fetchaboxofchalk
69.spend,take,pay,cost
spend人做主语，花钱，花时间;spend…onsth./indoingsth;take物做主语，花时间;
pay人做主语，花钱，payfor;cost物做主语，花钱
70.join,joinin,takepartin
join加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；joinin参加小型活动,joinsb.in；
takepartin参加大型的活动Hejoinedthearmyfiveyearsago.
71.learn,study
learn学习，侧重学习的结果，study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究
studytheproblem
72.want,hope,wish
want打算，想要，wanttodo,wantsb.todo,hope希望（通常可以实现），hopetodo/hopethat…wish希望（通常不能实现）wish（sb.）todo,wishsb/sth.+n.Iwishyousuccess.
73.discover,invent,findout
discover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西，invent发明本来不存在的物体，
findout发现，查明Atlasthefoundoutthetruth.
74.answer,reply
answer及物动词，reply不及物动词，后接toreplytotheletter
75.leave,leavefor
leave离开，leavefor前往HeleftBeijingforShanghai.
76.rob,steal
rob抢劫robsb.ofsth.，steal偷stealsth.fromsb.
77.shoot,shootat
shoot射死，shootat瞄准，但不一定射中Heshotthebirdanditdied.
78.drop,fall
drop及物不及物均可，fall不及物动词Pricesfell/dropped.Hedroppedhisvoice.
79.search,searchfor
search后接地点，searchfor后接东西Hesearchedhispocketformoney.
80.usedto,beusedto
usedto过去常常，beusedto习惯于，后接sth./doingsth.；被用来，后接dosth.Heisusedtogettingupearly.
81.win,lose,beat
win后接sth.，反义词为lose,beat后接sb.winthegame,beatthem
82.liveon,liveby
liveon以…为主食，liveby靠…谋生liveonfish/livebyfishing
83.beat,hit,strike
beat连续性地击打；hit打中，对准打；strike打一下或若干下beatthewings
84.lose,miss
lose失去（具体的物体），错过sth.islost,losethechance；miss想念，错过sth.ismissing,missthechance
85.careabout,carefor
careabout关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；carefor关心，照料，喜欢，愿意
Hedoesn'tcareabouthisclothes.Idon'tcareformovies.
86.catchacold,haveacold
catchacold不能和表示"一段时间"的状语连用，而haveacold可以
Shehashadacoldforaweek.
87.continue,last
二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动Thewarcontinued/lastedfiveyears.Thestoryistobecontinued.
88.feed,raise
feed喂养，养活，饲养（togivefoodto），raise饲养，养育（causetogrow,bringupchildren）
raisethefamily
89.goforadoctor,gotoadoctor
goforadoctor去请医生，gotoadoctor去看病
90.notice,observe,catchsightof
notice注意到，observe观察，仔细地看，catchsightof突然看到observethestars
91.look,seem,appear
look指从外表上看，seem指内心的判断，appear指给人以表面的印象appearwise,
looklikehisfather
92.gather,collect
gather把分散的东西集中到一起，collect指精心地、有选择地进行收集collectstamps
93.diefrom,dieof
diefrom表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，dieof表示死于疾病，饥饿，
寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素dieofhungerandcold
94.divide,separate
divide把一个整体分成几部分，separate把连在一起的个体分开
dividetheapple,separatethehouses
95.arrive,get,reach
arrive不及物动词，后接in（大地点），at（小地点），get不及物动词后接to，reach及物动词
arriveinBeijing,gettoBeijing,reachBeijing
96.grow,plant
grow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去，plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物
plantthetrees,treesaregrowing
97.manage,try
managetodo设法做成了某事，trytodo尽力去做某事但不一定成功
Hetriedtopasstheexam,buthefailed.
98.build,putup,setup,found
build一般用语，建成，putup临时搭建，setup建成（内部的设施基本齐全），
found国家或组织的建成putupatent,setupaschool
99.befamiliarto,befamiliarwith
befamiliarto某物对某人来说是熟悉的，befamiliarwith某人熟悉某物
Thebookisfamiliartome.I'mfamiliarwiththebook.
100.agreewith,agreeto,agreeon
agreewith同意某人，agreeto同意某事，agreeon在…上达成一致意见，主语是复数agreewithyou,agreetotheplan
101.throwto,throwat
throwto扔到…,throwat朝…扔Hethrowastoneatme.
102.receive,accept
receive收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept接受Ireceivedagift,butIdidn'tacceptit.
103.wear,puton,dress
wear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进行时，dress接人,bedressedin,puton表动作
It'scoldoutside.Putonyourwarmclothes.
104.listen,
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