高考专题名词性从句.docx
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高考专题名词性从句
名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句（NounClauses）。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句
辨别下列名词性从句的类别：
1.Howthebookwillselldependsonitsauthor.
2.JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.
3.Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.
4.Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.
5.HewilltalktousaboutwhathesawinU.S.
6.ItisimpossiblethatIgoandattendthemeeting.
名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词：
that,whether,if
连接代词：
what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which,whichever.
连接副词：
when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however
主语从句
在句中起主语作用的句子叫主语从句。
主语从句常出现在下面两种结构中：
1：
主语从句+谓语
Thatshewillcometoourpartyiscertain.
Whocleanedthebackboardisnotknownyet.
Thathe'llcometoseeusisreallygreat.
2:
It+be+形容词（名词词组、过去分词）+that从句。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a.It+be+形容词+that-从句（常见的这一类的形容词有：
necessary,likely,unlikely,right,wrong,important,certain,clear,obvious,strange,natural等）
Itisnecessarythat… 有必要……
Itisimportantthat… 重要的是……
Itisobviousthat… 很明显……
Itisquiteclearthatthewholeprojectisdoomedtofailure.
Itislikelythattherewillbeasnowstormtomorrow.
b.It+be+-ed分词+that-从句（常见的这一类过去分词有：
said,told,heard,reported,decided,suggested,advised,considered,ordered,well-known,pointedout等）
Itisbelievedthat… 人们相信……
Itisknowntoallthat… 众所周知……
Ithasbeendecidedthat… 已决定……
Itissaidthatnopassengerswereinjuredintheaccident.
c.It+be+名词+that-从句（此类名词有：
ashame,afact,apity,anhonor,awonder,nowonder,goodnews等）
Itiscommonknowledgethat… ……是常识
Itisasurprisethat… 令人惊奇的是……
Itisafactthat… 事实是……
It'sapitythatyoudidn'tattendtheirwedding.
d.It+不及物动词+that-从句（seem,appear,happen,matter,turnout,occurtosb等）
Itappearsthat… 似乎……
Ithappensthat… 碰巧……
Itoccurredtomethat… 我突然想起……
Itseemstomethatheobjectstotheplan.
4.what与that在引导主语从句时的区别
1）______yousaidyesterdayisright.
2）______sheisstillaliveisagoodthing.
Ireadaboutitinsomebook.Doesitmatteritwas?
A:
whereB:
whatC:
howD:
which
宾语从句
就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。
1.作动词的宾语
（1）由that引导的宾语从句（that通常可以省略）,例如：
Iheard（that）hejoinedthearmy.
（2）由what,whether（if）引导的宾语从句，例如：
Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.
Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.
（3）动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。
例如：
Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.
2.作介词的宾语，例如：
Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperate（合作）withoneanother.
That一般不引导介词后面的宾语从句，但except，but，besides和in除外。
介词后面的宾语从句一般不用which或if连接，多用what或whether等。
Thetwoplacesaresimilarinthattheybothhavealargerainfllinsummer.
Yournewdresslooksniceonyouexceptthatitscoloristooright.
MyteacherwassatistiedwithwhatIdid.
We'retalkingaboutwhehteryoushoulddoit.
3.作形容词的宾语，例如：
Iamafraid（that）I’vemadeamistake.
Iamsure（that）hewillwinthegame.
4.it可以作为形式宾语
it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。
例如：
Wethoughtitgoodnewsthatthefoghadfinallygone.
5.复杂的特殊疑问句（双重疑问句）
Whatdoyouthinkwewilldonext?
Whodoyouguesswillbeournewheadmaster?
HowdoyousupposetheywillgotoShanghai?
在某些宾语从句中，宾语从句的连接代词或连接副词常被移到主句之前，构成特殊疑问句形式，结构为：
wh-/howdoyou+动词+宾语从句其他部分？
常见的用于此结构的动词有think,believe,consider,suppose,imagine,expect,guess,say等。
6.主句谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，主语是第一人称且为一般现在时，从句的否定一般要转移到主句上来。
其翻译疑问句的主语一般与宾语从句的主语保持一致，附加疑问用肯定形式。
Idon'tthinkthey'llstickouttothelastminute.
Idon'tsupposethat'shisfault,isit?
练：
——Doyourememberhecame?
——Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.
A:
howB:
whenC:
thatD:
it
Acomputercanonlydoyouhaveinstructedittodo.
A:
howB:
whatC:
afterD:
when
Thewayhediditwasdifferentweusedtodo.
A:
inwhichB:
inwhatC:
fromwhatD:
fromwhich
表语从句
在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。
可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。
另外，常用的还有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等结构。
例如：
1）Thequestionis_________wecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.
2）Thisis____wecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople.
3）Butthefactremains___wearebehindtheotherclasses.
4）Thereason______heislateforschoolis____hemissedtheearlybus.
5）TheyarejustIwant.
同位语从句
就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，对一些抽象名词作进一步的解释和说明。
同位语从句通常由that引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。
例如：
1.同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：
1）Theking’sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.
2）Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.
2.同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。
例如：
HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.
whether与if的用法区别：
whether与if均为“是否”的意思。
但在下列情况下，whether不能被if所取代：
用if或whether填空
1.Idon’tknow__________I’llbefreetomorrow.
2.Idon’tknow_______ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.
3.Thequestionis______thisbookisworthwriting.
4.Itdependson______wewillhaveenoughmoney.
5.______theycandoitmatterslittletous.
6._______youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou.
7.Idon'tcarehedoesn'tcome.
分析以下句子属于什么从句
1.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.
2.Wemustfacethefactthatwehadspentallourmoney.
3.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywasfalse.
4.Ihavenodoubtthathewillcomesoon.
5.Thefactisthatwehavespentallourmoney.
6.Thesuggestionthatheraisedatthemeetingisverygood.
7.Thesuggestionthatthestudentsshouldhaveplentyofexerciseisverygood.
翻译以下句子，并指出从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。
1.Whathewantsisabook.
2.Itissonicethatwecanlearnthisgrammarpointtogether.
3.I’msogladthatIcanmakefriendswithyou.
4.Thisiswhyhedidit.
5.Doyouagreetothesuggestionthatwe（should）haveatripinTibet?
6.Thathewantsabookiscertain.
7.Isuggestedjustnowwe（should）takepartinthisactivity.
8.Whetheryoulikehimornotdoesn’tmattertoomuch.
9.Hedoesn’tknowwhetheryoucansingitwell.
10.Theproblemiswhetheryoucansingitwell.
11.Theproblemwhetheritisrightorwronghasnotbeendecided.
12.Pleasetellmewhoyourmonitoris.
1.if/whether
_______yougoorstayathomewon’tmakeanydifferences.
2.Whatapity_____is_____youdidn’tarrivebydaylight.
A.there,becauseB.it,thatC.he,whenD.that,for
3.nomatterhow/who/what/where/when
Wearereadytodo______thecountrywantsustodo.
A.whatB.whichC.nomatterwhatD.whatever
名词性从句高考真题
A
（2012全国卷I）24.Itisbynomeansclear_______thepresidentcandotoendthestrike.
A.howB.whichC.thatD.what
（2012北京卷）24.Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfelt______hecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.
A.whyB.howC.thatD.whether
（2012上海卷）34.Thereismuchtruthintheidea_kindnessisusuallyservedbyfrankness.
A.whyB.whichC.thatD.whether
（2012上海卷）38.—We'veonlygotthissmallbookcase.Willthatdo?
—No,Iamlookingforissomethingmuchbiggerandstronger.
A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which
（2012天津卷）9.Itdoesn’tmatter_________youturnrightorleftatthecrossing—bothroadsleadtothepark.
A.whetherB.howC.ifD.when
（2012江苏卷）27.Thenoticecamearoundtwointheafternoon________themeetingwouldbepostponed.
A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.how
（2012安徽卷）27.Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,but________hereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.
A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why
（2012湖南卷）26.Everyoneinthevillageisveryfriendly.Itdoesn’tmatter________youhavelivedthereforashortoralongtime.
A.whyB.howC.whetherD.when
（2012福建卷）35.Wepromise_____attendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.
A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever
（2012陕西卷）20.Asmanyfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoose______suitsyoubest.
AwhateverB.whicheverC.wheneverD.wherever
（2012山东卷）21.Whenyouaredonewiththebook,justgiveittoLucyorHelenor__________.
A.whoeverB.whereverC.whateverD.however
（2012山东卷）25.Itdoesn’tmatter________youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.
A.howB.whetherC.whatD.why
（2012重庆卷）34.Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudy________children’searlysleepingproblemlikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.
A.whyB.howC.whetherD.that
（2012四川卷）17.Scientistsstudy________humanbrainsworktomakecomputers.
A.whenB.howC.thatD.whether
（2012江西卷）25．Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimhehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.
A．whetherB．whereC．whichD．that
（2012浙江卷）4.Imadeapromisetomyself______thisyear,myfirstyearinhighschool,wouldbedifferent.
A.whetherB.whatC.thatD.how
（2012辽宁卷）34.Thenewcomerwenttothelibrarytheotherdayandsearchedfor
hecouldfindaboutMarkTwain.
A.whereverB.howeverC.whateverD.whichever
1.Nowadaysconsumersbecomemoreandmorepracticalandbuyonly_______theyneed.
A.where B.which C.when D.what
2.She’dliketooffermoneyto________needsittocontinuehisorherstudy.
A.who B.whom C.whoever D.whomever
3.---Ifyouareadmittedtoakeyuniversity,_________asaprize?
---I’mlookingforacellphone.
A.Whatyouexpectyourfatherwillofferyou
B.Doyouexpectwhatyourfatherwillofferyou
C.Whatdoyouexpectwillyourfatherofferyou
D.Whatdoyouexpectyourfatherwillofferyou
4.Yesterdayhesoldoutal
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