高考英语 专题名词性从句.docx
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高考英语专题名词性从句
专题六名词性从句
名词性从句指在复合句中起名词作用的从句,它在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
名词性从句既是中学英语教学的重点,也是高考考查的热点。
一、名词性从句的分类
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
其连接词有that,if,whether;连接代词who,what,which;连接副词when,where,how,why等。
考查热点一:
对主语从句的考查
主语从句在复合句中充当主语,它可以放在主句谓语动词之前。
但为了保持句子平衡,多数情况下可用it作形式主语,而把主语从句置于句尾。
考查热点二:
对宾语从句的考查
宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
如果主句的谓语动词是及物动make,find,see,think等,则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后,用it作形式宾语。
另外,某些作表语的形容词,如sure,happy,glad,certain等之后也可以带宾语从句。
考查热点三:
对表语从句的考查
表语从句在句子中作表语,位于主句中的系动词之后。
考查热点四:
对同位语从句的考查
同位语从句一般跟在某些抽象名词之后,进一步说明该名词所表示的具体内容。
可跟同位语从句的名词主要有:
fact,idea,news,promise,belief,condition,doubt,fear,hope,problem,proof,question,reply,report,suggestion,thought,truth等。
二、对名词性从句的考查应注意以下几点:
考查热点五:
考查名词性从句的语序和主从句时态
名词性从句均应用陈述句语序,其时态要保持主从句时态一致性。
考查热点六:
从语境和句子结构需要出发,选择合适的连词
(I)连词that和what:
that无实际意义,在从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接主从句的作用;如that引导宾语从句,常可省略;如引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句,that不能省略。
What引导名词性从句,具有双重功能(既是连词又在句中充当成分),它既可指人,也可指物。
用于人时,what=theperson(s)that,用于物时,what=thething(s)that。
What可以引导主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句。
(II)连词whether和if:
通常whether和if都可以引导宾语从句;但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位词从句和介词后面的宾语从句以及后面跟ornot时只能用whether而不能用if。
(III)连词whoever,whatever和whichever:
这三个词均可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表词从句,且在句中充当一定的成分。
Whoever=nomatterwho(anyonewho);whatever=nomatterwhat(anythingthat);whichever=nomatterwhich(anythingthat)/anyonewho.
(IV)考查其它的连接副词
连接副词在主语从句中起连词作用,同时又在从句中充当一定的句子成分。
选用这些连接副词的关键是:
所选的这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。
考查热点七:
名词性从句中对it的考查
为了保持句子平衡,多数情况下可用it作形式主语或宾语,而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面。
考查热点八:
名词性从句中的强调句型和感叹句
考查热点九:
名词性从句中的插入成分
(I)用于陈述句的插入语结构
含think,suppose,guess,say,imagine,expect,believe等动词的插入语,直接疑问放在句子中间,不用逗号隔开。
(II)用于疑问句的插入语结构
含think,suppose,guess,say,imagine,expect,believe等动词的疑问句,后接含疑问词的宾语从句时,要将疑问词放在句首。
考查热点十:
名词性从句中的否定转移现象
当主句的主语为第一人称,且主句的及物动词为表示感知的动词,如:
think,suppose,guess,say,imagine,expect,believe等时,常把对宾语从句的否定放在主句中,如主句中的主语是第一人称单数I时,其反意疑问句应跟从句变,并且主句中的否定转移到从句。
考查热点十一:
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
在“Itissuggested/required/ordered/apity/ashame/nowonder/necessary/strange/…+that从句”结构中,that从句谓语有时用(should)do这样的虚拟语气形式。
【巩固性练习】
从下列选项中选择最佳答案。
1.isknowntousallisthatChinahaslaunchedShenzhouVIIspaceshipsuccessfully.
A.ItB.As
C.WhatD.That
2.Whatwashehadatschoolmadehimagreatsuccess?
A.that;thatB.it;that
C.that;whichD.this;which
3.theteachersaysseemsreasonabletome.iswhyIhavemadeupmymindtoremembertheteacherteachesme.
A.Whatever;This;whichever
B.Nomatterwhat;That;whatever
C.Whatever;That;nomatterwhat
D.What;That;whatever
4.Darcyleftwordwithmysecretaryhewouldcallagainintheafternoon.
A.whoB.that
C.asD.which
5.Irememberthisusedtobeaverysmallvillage.
A.whenB.howC.whereD.what
6.Afterfivehours'drive,theygottotheythoughtwastheplacetheyhadbeendreamingof.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what
7.Severalweeksaftertheaccident,thepatientwasabletocarryout
seemedtobeanormaltalk.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it
8.Wuliang,asaPartymember,alwaysthinksofhecandomoreforthepeople.
A.whatB.whyC.howD.if
9.Ifyoufeeltiredandsickoffatfood,thatisyouhavetogotothehospitalforamedicalexamination.
A.whyB.whenC.whetherD.What
10.Somepeoplearebomwiththebelieftheyaremastersoftheirownwhileothersfeeltheyareatthemercyofothers.
A.what;thatB.that;what
C.that;/D./;that
11.—HowdoyouthinkIcanmakeupwithJack?
—Setasideyoudisagreeandtrytofindyouhaveincommon.
A.what;whatB.where;what
C.what;whetherD.where;whether
12.Nobodybelievedhisreasonforbeingabsentfromtheclass
hehadtomeethisuncleattheairport.
A.whyB.thatC.whereD.because
13.Hestudiedhardandlaterbecameaprofessorinawell,knownuniversity,hismotherhadexpected.
A.thatwaswhatB.whatwasthat
C.andwhichwasD.whichwaswhat
14.Wasithesaidorsomethinghedidthatmadehercrysosadly?
A.that;whichB.that;what
C.what;thatD.what;what
15.IsBeijing-TianjinintercityrailwayplaysanimportantroleinChina'srailwayhistorythetopicthatheiscomingto?
A.whatB.itC.thisD.that
Keys:
1-5CBDBA6-10DACBC11-15BBDCD
【巩固练习】
1.Thefacthasworriedmanyscientiststheearthisbecomingwamerandwarmertheseyears.(2020;2020江西)
A.whatB.which
C.thatD.though
2.Weshouldconsiderthestudents'requesttheschoollibraryprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.(2020;2020重庆)
A.thatB.when
C.whichD.where
3.ThelasttimewehadgreatfunwaswewerevisitingtheWater:
Park.(2020;2020天津)
A.whereB.how
C.whenD.why
4.wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.(2020;2020山东)
A.ItB.This
C.WhatD.As
5.NewscamefromtheschoolofficeWangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.(2020;2020四川)
A.whichB.what
C.thatD.where
6.Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreatetheyhopewillbethe'bestmeansoftransportinthe21stcentury.(2020;2020北京)
A.whichB.that
C.whatD.who
7.—Isthereanypossibilityyoucouldpickmeupattheairport?
—Noproblem.(2020;2020浙江)
A.whenB.that
C.whetherD.what
8.Sheisverydeartous.Wehavebeenpreparedtodoittakestosaveherlife.(2020;2020湖南 )
A.whicheverB.however
C.whateverD.whoever
9.Atfirsthehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstoseeitgotanybetter.(2020;2020北京)
A.whenB.howC.whyD.if
10.Itisnotimmediatelyclearthefinancialcrisiswillsoonbeover.(2020;2020上海)
A.sinceB.what
C.whenD.whether
【完成句子】
1.Thenews(那栋房子被烧毁)lastnightsurprisedeveryone.(burn)
2.(他是否出过国)doesn'tmakemuchdifference.(he,abroad)
3.WhatIrecommendedis(他应该采取措施)intime.(measure)
4.Noonecanbesure(人类看上去将会是什么样)inmillionyears.(look)
5.Itisobvioustothestudents(他们应该为将为做好充分的准备)theirfuture.(prepare)
6.,(我们是否去野营)tomorrowdependsontheweather.(camp)
7.Theschoolofthefuturewillprobablybequitedifferentfrom
(现在的样子).(what)
8.Hissuggestionis(我们要保护当地的环境)whiledevelopingeconomyishighlythoughtofbygovernment.(protect)
9.(他们所拥有的共同之处)isthattheyareallindependent.(common)
10.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis
(我们不同意之处).(disagree)
Keys:
I,1-5CACCC6-10CBCDD
II.1.that'thehousewasburntdown
2.Whetherhehasbeenabroadornot
3.thathe(should)takemeasures
4.whatmanwilllooklike
5.thattheyshouldgetwellpreparedfor
6.Whetherwe'llgocamping
7.whattheyaretoday
8.thatwe(should)protectlocalenvironment
9.Whattheyhaveincommon
10.whereIdisagree
1.(09天津卷,7)Itisobvioustothestudentstheyshouldgetwellpreparedfortheirfuture.
A.asB.whichC.whetherD.that
2.(09北京卷,31)Atfirsthehatedthenewjobbutdecidedtogivehimselfafewmonthstoseeitgotanybetter.
A.whenB.howC.whyD.if
3.(09陕西卷,17)Thehow-tobookcanbeofhelptowantstodothejob.
A.whoB.whomeverC.nomatterwhoD.whoever
4.(09上海卷,40)Asanewdiplomat,heoftenthinksofhecanreactmoreappropriatelyonsuchoccasions.
A.whatB.whichC.thatD.how
5.(08,北京卷)Thecompaniesareworkingtogethertocreate
theyhopewillbethebestmeansoftransportinthe21thcentury.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.who
6.(06,全国卷)Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?
Thatwas
wedidthismorning.
A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what
7.(08,湖南卷)Whenaskedtheyneededmost,thekidssaidtheywantedtofeelimportantandloved!
A.whatB.whyC.whomD.which
8.(06,北京卷)—Couldyoudomeafavor?
—Itdependsonitis.
A.whichB.whicheverC.whatD.whatever
9.(07,全国卷II)mattersmostinlearningEnglishis
enoughpractice.
A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.Which
10.(06,上海春季)Doris'successliesinthefactsheisco-operativeandeagertolearnfromothers.
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.why
参考答案:
1—5DDDDC6—10DACAB
1.(09全国卷I,24)CouldIspeaktoisinchargeofInternationalSalesplease?
A.whoB.whatC.whoeverD.whatever
2.(09江苏卷,34)ManyyoungpeopleintheWestareexpectedtoleave
couldbelife'smostimportantdecision—marriage-almostentirelyuptoluck.
A.asB.thatC.whichD.what
3.(09安徽卷,27)AgoodfriendofminefromIwasbomshowedupatmyhomerightbeforeIleftforBeijing.
A.howB.whomC.whenD.which
4.(09四川卷,7)NewscamefromtheschoolofficeWangLinhadbeenadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where
5.(09浙江卷,12)—Isthereanypossibilityyoucouldpickmeupattheairport?
—Noproblem.
A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.what
6.(09重庆卷,31)Weshouldconsiderthestudents'request
theschoollibraryprovidemorebooksonpopularscience.
A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where
7.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouknowisgoodattyping?
A.whomB.whomeverC.whoseD.whoever
8.shewasill,Iwasexpectedtotakeherplacegreatlysurprisedme,forIdidn'thavemuchworkexperience.
A.ThatifB.ThatC.IfthatD.If
9.Thatartcentreisusedtobeafactory,millionsoftractorsweremade.
A.what;whereB.where;where
C.what;whichD.where;which
10.makestheschoolfamousismorethan90%ofthestudentshavebeenadmittedtouniversities.
A.What;becauseB.That;because
C.That;whatD.What;that
11.ThereismuchchanceBillwillrecoverfromhisinjuryintimefortherace.
A.thatB.whichC.untilD.if
12.ThebiggestreasonIlikethenewruleisitsetsagoodexampletoyoungathletes.
A.howB.whyC.thatD.when
13.Withhisworkcompleted,thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat,feelingpleasedhewasamanofaction.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whether
14.Theseshoeslookverygood,Iwonder.
A.howmuchcosttheyareB.howmuchdotheycost
C.howmuchtheycostD.howmucharetheycost
15.Doesmatterifhecan'tfinishthejobon