21世纪英语unit 8课文解析.docx

21世纪英语unit 8课文解析.docx

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21世纪英语unit8课文解析

UnitEight

【语篇赏析】

本单元包含三篇文章，讲述了正在逐渐改变人们生活的电脑及与之相关的一系列新技术。

第一篇，《未来之路》序言，其作者是美国著名的电脑大亨比尔•盖茨。

文中作者回忆了自己对电脑兴趣初萌时的故事，并对当今这项最伟大的创新会如何发展下去进行了几点设想。

第二篇，《聪明的机器：

不知疲倦的助手》，预测人工智能及机器人这两项新技术将使人们的未来生活更加轻松便捷。

第三篇，《国际互联网》，回答了一些关于国际互联网的常见问题。

TextA

Foreword

【重点词汇】

重点单词

incredible,barely,reliable,application,simultaneous,crucial,purpose,acceptance,abolish,primarily,estimate,equivalent,complicated,stimulate

重点短语

arisefrom,bringabout,serveas,getaroundto,aheadofschedule,runinto,takeadvantageof

1.incredible:

adj.unbelievable难以置信的；extraordinary,unbelievablygood了不起的

◆Thefilmstarhasanincrediblecarinadditiontoabighouse.

◆Ourarmymanfoughtinthebattlewithincrediblebravery.

2.barely:

adv.hardly几乎不、几乎没有;onlyjust刚刚

◆Theycouldbarelyseetheroadinthefog.

◆Wehadbarelyenoughmoneytobuyfood.

3.reliable:

adj.capableofbeingreliedon可靠的、确实的;dependable可信赖的

◆It'snotreliabletojudgeamanonlybyhislooks.

◆Areliableassistantwillbewelcomeinanycompany.

4.application:

n.应用;书面申请、正式申请

◆Theapplicationofnewscientificdiscoveriestoindustrialproductionmethodsusuallyincreasesefficiency.

◆Theunemployedengineerwroteadozenapplicationsforjobsbutgotnothing.

5.simultaneous:

adj.happening,existing,ordoneatthesametime同时发生的、存在的或做的

◆Thetwosimultaneousshotssoundedlikeone.

6.crucial:

adj.extremelysignificantorimportant,极其重要的；decisive决定性的

◆Itiscrucialthatweshouldmakegooduseofanythingwehave.

◆Thecoupledidnotgiveuptheirloveandmarriageatthecrucialmoment.

7.purpose:

n.anaimorgoal目标、目的

◆Whatishispurposeincomingbackthistime?

◆Hewalkedbackandforthonpurposetocatchyourattention.

8.acceptance:

n.theactofaccepting接受；approvaloragreement赞同、肯定、认同

◆Hetaughtwithgreatacceptancefor40years.

◆ShewonacceptancebytheKingfamilyonlythroughextraordinarydiligence.

9.abolish:

vt.putanendto,doawaywith取消、废除（制度、习俗等）

◆Badcustomsshouldbeabolishedassoonaspossible.

◆Thelegislaturepassedalawtoabolishthesurtax.

10.primarily:

mainly,chiefly主要地、首要地

◆Nowtheyarelivinginaprimarilymiddle-classneighborhood.

11.estimate:

v.&n.evaluate估计；估价、出价

◆NowI'verealizedthatmyestimateofhercharacterwasone-sided.

◆Iaskedthebuildingfirmtoestimatefortherepairstothestairs.

12.equivalent:

n.somethingthatisequal,asinvalue,force,ormeaning等值物、等量物；adj.相等的、等值的、等量的

◆IsthereanexactFrenchequivalenttotheEnglishword‘home’?

◆Hechangedhispoundsfortheequivalentamountofdollars.

13.complicated:

adj.verydifficulttounderstand,complex复杂的、难解的

◆Wehavenevermetsuchacomplicatedmathproblemthanever.

14.stimulate:

vt.excite（thebodyormind）,encourage刺激、激发

◆Frequentlydoingexercisesstimulatestheflowofblood.

◆Hisfather’swordsstimulatedhimtoworkwithgreatereffortsthanbefore.

15.arisesfrom:

resultfrom由……产生、由……引起

◆Quarrelsoftenarisefrombasicmisunderstandingsbetweeneachother.

◆Itiscarelessnessthataccidentsarisefrom.

16.bringabout:

causetohappen导致……发生、造成

◆Therevelationofthepollutionbroughtabouttheinvestigationfromthegovernment.

17.serveas:

beusedas当作……用

◆Thisplatformwouldserveasaportandarailwaystation.

◆Nowtheexaminationscoreservesastheonlycriterionforastudent'sacademicperformance.

18.getaroundto:

findtimefordoingsomething,抽出时间做（某事）

◆Hehardlygetsaroundtophysicalexercisesbecauseoftoomuchwork.

◆Busyasthebossis,heoftengetsaroundtoplayingwithhiskids.

19.aheadofschedule:

beforetheexpectedtime提前

◆Thetaskwillbefinishedaheadofscheduleifnothingprevents.

◆Butfortheunexpectedstorm,theycouldhavefinishedtheconstructionaheadofschedule.

20.runinto:

meetorencounter（difficulties,etc.）遭遇（困难等）；meet（somebody）bychance偶然遇见（某人）

◆Notfollowingtheoldman’sadvice,theyfinallyranintogreattrouble.

◆Iranintoahighschoolclassmateyesterdayonthewaytothesupermarket.

21.takeadvantageof:

makeuseof利用

◆Thepeopleinthemountainousareastakeadvantageofalltheyhavetodeveloptheiragriculture.

◆Thestudentstookadvantageofwhatthecollegeofferedtolearnmoreabouttheirsubjects.

【课文详解】

PartOne:

Para.1toPara.7—第一部分介绍了个人计算机迅速发展的过程，以及人们对个人计算机这一新事物的不同观点。

1.Itstartedonadaywhen,asacollegesophomore,IstoodinHarvardSquarewithmyfriendPaulAllenandporedoverthedescriptionofakitcomputerinPopularElectronicsmagazine.（Line2-5）

TheincredibleadventureformebeganatthetimewhenIwasasophomoreatcollege.Oneday,myfriendPaulAllenandIstoodinHarvardSquareandpaidallofourattentiontoreadinganarticleinthemagazinenamedPopularElectronics.Thearticledescribedakitcomputer.

2.Thepersonalcomputerrevolutionhappenedandithasaffectedmillionsoflives.（Line8-9）

Therevolutionofthepersonalcomputerstartedandithasinfluencedthelivesofmillionsofpeople.

3.Ithasledustoplaceswehadbarelyimagined.（Line9-10）

Therevolutionhasbroughtpeopletoanewworldwhichwehadseldomthoughtabout.

4.Wearen’tsurewherethisonewillleaduseither,butagainIamcertainthisrevolutionwilltouchevenmorelivesandtakeusallfarther.（Line11-13）

Wedon’tknowwhatkindofworldtherevolutionwillbringusinto,either.ButwhatIknowandIamsureisthatitwillinfluencethelivesofmuchmorepeople,andleadustoafurther-developedplace.

5.ThebenefitsandproblemsarisingfromthisupcomingcommunicationsrevolutionwillbemuchgreaterthanthosebroughtaboutbythePCrevolution.（Line15-17）

TheadvantagesanddisadvantagescausedbythisrevolutionincommunicationswillbemuchmorethanthosethatwerecausedtohappenbytheusingofPC.

6.Thereisneverareliablemapforunexploredterritory.（Line18）

Beforeweexploreanewplace,wedonotknowwhatitislike,sowecannotdrawadependablemapforit.Thatistosay,sincePCisanewthingtous,wecannotimaginewhereitwillleadusto.

7.Thoseofuswhowereattractedbycomputersandthepossibilitiestheypromisedwereunnoticedoutsideourowncircles.（Line27-29）

Thepeopleamongusweregreatlyinterestedincomputersandbelievedwhatcomputerswouldbringus.Butexceptourselves,noonehadanyideaofus.

8.Therehasbeenanunbelievableamountofinterestinthissubjectduringthelastfewyears,bothinsideandoutsidethecomputerindustry.（Line33-35）

Duringthepastseveralyears,computer,thissubject,hasarousedinterestofgreatamountofpeople.Someofthepeoplebelongtothecomputerindustry,butsomenot.

9.Theinterestisnotconfinedonlytodevelopedcountries,anditgoeswellbeyondthelargenumbersofpersonal-computerusers.（Line35-37）

Notonlypeopleofdevelopedcountries,butalsoalargenumberofPCusersareinterestedincomputers.Eventhosewhodonotusecomputershaveshowedinterestinit.

10.Thosedevelopmentswillcome,buttheyarenotthehighway.（Line47-48）

Whatpeoplehope,fearorimaginewillappearascomputersdevelop,butthesearenotwhatthehighwaymeans.

11.Itwilltakeplaceoverseveraldecades,andwillbedrivenbynew“applications”newtools,oftenmeetingcurrentlyunforeseenneeds.Duringthenextfewyears,majordecisionswillhavetobemade.（Line49-52）

Therevolutionincommunicationswillhappeninourlifeoverseveraltenyears,anditwillbeputforwardbyournewrequirements.Forexample,wemayneednewtoolswhenwemeetsomeproblemswhichwecannottellatthepresenttime.

12.Itiscrucialthatabroadsetofpeoplenotjusttechnologistsorthosewhohappentobeinthecomputerindustryparticipateinthedebateabouthowthistechnologyshouldbeshaped.（Line53-56）

Itisveryimportantthatpeoplefromvariousprofessionstakepartinthediscussionabouthowthetechnologyofcomputerwoulddevelop.Weneedideasfromnotonlytechnologistsandpeopleworkinthecomputerindustrybutalsoalltheotherswhoknowcomputers.

Itiscrucialthat…（should）do…做……是十分必要的。

主句中出现标志词crucial,主语从句要使用虚拟语气。

与crucial一词用法相同的词还有important,necessary,essential,advised,suggested等。

◆Itiscrucialthatallthepowersuppliesshouldbeturnedoffbeforeyouleaveforvacation.

◆Itisessentialthatphysicalexercisesbekepteverydayifgoodhealthisexpected.

◆Itissuggestedthattheyshouldnotgotoclimbthemountaininsuchabadweather.

PartTwo:

Para.8toPara.12—第二部分中作者解释了自己写《未来之路》一书的初衷及期望。

13.I’mwritingthisbookTheRoadAheadaspartofmycontributiontothedebateand,althoughit’satallorder,Ihopeitcanserveasatravelguidefortheforthcomingjourney.（Line59-61）

Iamwritingthisbookinordertodosomethingasahelptothediscussionaboutthedevelopmentofcomputers.ThoughIknowthisrequestisdifficulttoperform,Ihopemybookcanbeusedasaguideforourdiscussionaboutthefutureofcomputers.

14.ThecommissionerofU.S.patentswhoin1899askedthathisofficebeabolishedbecause“everythingthatcanbeinventedhasbeeninvented.”（Line65-67）

TheofficialofU.S.patentsthoughtthatallpeopleneedhadbeeninvented,soin1899,headvisedthathisofficebestoppedworkingbecausenothingnewwouldbeinvented.

Somebodyaskthat…（should）do…某人要求……做……主句中出现标志词ask,宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。

与ask一词用法相同的词还有advise,suggest,request,require,demand等。

（结合第十二点）

◆Thegovernmentadvisedthatpeoplewhowerelivinginthisareamoveoutincaseoftheflood.

◆Thecoachofthefootballteamrequiredthateachmembershouldputfulleffortintothematch.

◆Theworkersdemandedthattheirworkingconditionshouldbeimproved.

15.WhatI’