新标准大学英语综合教程2原文.docx

新标准大学英语综合教程2原文.docx

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新标准大学英语综合教程2原文

新标准大学英语综合教程2原文

UNIT1

Collegejustisn'tspecialanymore

1"Ifyoucanrememberanythingaboutthe1960s,youweren'treallythere,"sothe

sayinggoes.Itmaybetrueforthosewhospenttheircollegeyearsinahazeof

marijuanasmoke.Butthereisonethingeveryoneremembersaboutthe1960s:

Goingtocollegewasthemostexcitingandstimulatingexperieneeofyourlife.

2Inthe1960s,California'scollegesanduniversitieshadtransformedthestateinto

theworld'sseventhlargesteconomy.However,Berkeley,theUniversityofCalifornia'smaincampus,wasalsowell-knownforitsstudentdemonstrationsandstrikes,andits

atmosphereofpoliticalradicalism.WhenRonaldReaganranforofficeasgovernorofCaliforniain1966,heaskedifCalifornianswouldallow"agreatuniversitytobebroughttoitskneesbyanoisy,dissidentminority".Theliberalsrepliedthatitwastheabilitytotoleratenoisy,dissidentminoritieswhichmadeuniversitiesgreat.

3OnuniversitycampusesinEurope,masssocialistorcommunistmovements

gaverisetoincreasinglyviolentclashesbetweentheestablishmentandthecollege

students,withtheirnewandpassionatecommitmenttofreedomandjustice.Muchof

theprotestwasabouttheVietnamWar.ButinFrance,thestudentsoftheSorbonneinParismanagedtoformanallianeewiththetradeunionsandtolaunchageneralstrike,whichultimatelybroughtabouttheresignationofPresidentdeGaulle.

4Itwasn'tjusttheactivismthatcharacterizedstudentlifeinthe1960s.Everywhere,

goingtocollegemeantyourfirsttasteofrealfreedom,oflatenightsinthedormorin

theJuniorCommonRoom,discussingthemeaningoflife.Youusedtohavetogotocollegetoreadyourfirstforbiddenbook,seeyourfirstindiefilm,orfindsomeonewho

sharedyourpassionforJimiHendrixorLennyBruce.Itwasamomentof

unimaginablefreedom,themostliberatinginyourlife.

5Butwhere'sthepassiontoday?

What'sthematterwithcollege?

Thesedays

political,socialandcreativeawakeningseemstohappennotbecauseofcollege,but

inspiteofit.Ofcourse,it'struethathighereducationisstillimportant.Forexample,intheUK,PrimeMinisterBlairwasclosetoachievinghisaimofgetting50percentofallunderthirtiesintocollegeby2010（eventhoughacynicwouldsaythatthiswastokeepthemofftheunemploymentstatistics）.YetcollegeeducationisnoIongeratopic

ofgreatnationalimportanee.Today,collegeisseenasakindofsmalltownfrom

whichpeoplearekeentoescape.Somepeopledropout,butthemostapatheticstay

thecoursebecauseit'stoomuchefforttoleave.

6Insteadoftheheadyatmosphereoffreedomwhichstudentsinthe1960sdiscovered,studentstodayaremuchmoreserious.TheBritishCouncilhasrecentlydoneresearchintothefactorswhichhelpinternationalstudentsdecidewheretostudy.Indescendingordertheseare:

qualityofcourses,employabilityprospects,affordability,personalsecurityissues,lifestyle,andaccessibility.Collegehasbecomeameanstoanend,anopportunitytoincreaseone'schancesontheemploymentmarket,andnotanendinitself,whichgivesyouthechaneetoimagine,justfora

shortwhile,thatyoucanchangetheworld.

7Thegapbetweenchildhoodandcollegehasshrunk,andsohasthegapbetweencollegeandtherealworld.Oneofthereasonsmaybefinancial.Inanuncertainworld,manychildrenrelyontheirparents'supportmuchIongerthantheyusedto.Studentsleavinguniversityinthe21stcenturysimplycannotaffordtosetuptheirownhomebecauseit'stooexpensive.Anotherpossiblereasonisthecommunicationsrevolution.Gonearethedayswhenasonordaughterranghomeonceortwiceaterm.Todaystudentsareumbilicallylinkedtotheirparentsbytheircellphones.Andasforfindinglike-mindedfriendstoshareapassionforobscureliteratureormusic,well,wehavetheInternetandchatroomstohelpusdothat.

8"Blisswasitinthatdawntobealive,

9Buttobeyoungwasveryheaven!

"

10WordsworthmayhavewrittentheselinesabouttheFrenchRevolution,buttheywerealsotrueforthestudentsofthe1960s.Sowhyaren'ttheytrueforthestudentsoftoday?

UNIT2

Howempathyunfolds

1ThemomentHope,justninemonthsold,sawanotherbabyfall,tearswelledupinherowneyesandshecrawledofftobecomfortedbyhermother,asthoughitwereshewhohadbeenhurt.And15-month-oldMichaelwenttogethisownteddybearforhiscryingfriendPaul;whenPaulkeptcrying,MichaelretrievedPaul'ssecurityblanketforhim.Boththesesmallactsofsympathyandcaringwereobservedbymotherstrainedtorecordsuchincidentsofempathyinaction.Theresultsofthestudysuggest

thattherootsofempathycanbetracedtoinfancy.Virtuallyfromthedaytheyareborninfantsareupsetwhentheyhearanotherinfantcrying—aresponsesomeseeasthe

earliestprecursorofempathy.

2Developmentalpsychologistshavefoundthatinfantsfeelsympatheticdistressevenbeforetheyfullyrealizethattheyexistapartfromotherpeople.Evenafew

monthsafterbirth,infantsreacttoadisturbaneeinthosearoundthemasthoughitweretheirown,cryingwhentheyseeanotherchild'stears.Byoneyearorso,theystarttorealizethemiseryisnottheirownbutsomeoneelse's,thoughtheystillseemconfusedoverwhattodoaboutit.InresearchbyMartinL.HoffmanatNewYorkUniversity,forexample,aone-year-oldbroughthisownmotherovertocomfortacryingfriend,ignoringthefriend'smother,whowasalsointheroom.Thisconfusionisseentoowhenone-year-oldsimitatethedistressofsomeoneelse,possiblytobetter

comprehendwhattheyarefeeling;forexample,ifanotherbabyhurtsherfingers,aone-year-oldmightputherownfingersinhermouthtoseeifshehurts,too.Onseeinghismothercry,onebabywipedhisowneyes,thoughtheyhadnotears.

3Suchmotormimicry,asitiscalled,istheoriginaltechnicalsenseoftheword

empathyasitwasfirstusedinthe1920sbyE.B.Titchener,anAmericanpsychologist.Titchener'stheorywasthatempathystemmedfromasortofphysicalimitationofthedistressofanother,whichthenevokesthesamefeelingsinoneself.

Hesoughtawordthatwouldbedistinetfromsympathy,whichcanbefeltforthegeneralplightofanotherwithnosharingwhateverofwhatthatotherpersonisfeeling.

4Motormimicryfadesfromtoddlers'repertoireataroundtwoandahalfyears,atwhichpointtheyrealizethatsomeoneelse'spainisdifferentfromtheirown,andarebetterabletocomfortthem.Atypicalincident,fromamother'sdiary:

5Aneighbor'sbabycriesandJennyapproachesandtriestogivehimsomecookies.Shefollowshimaroundandbeginstowhimpertoherself.Shethentriestostrokehishair,buthepullsaway.Hecalmsdown,butJennystilllooksworried.Shecontinuestobringhimtoysandtopathisheadandshoulders.

6Atthispointintheirdevelopmenttoddlersbegintodivergefromoneanotherintheiroverallsensitivitytootherpeople'semotionalupsets,withsome,likeJenny,

keenlyawareandotherstuningout.AseriesofstudiesbyMarianRadke-Yarrowand

CarolynZahn-WaxlerattheNationalInstituteofMentalHealthshowedthatalarge

partofthisdiffereneeinempathicconcernhadtodowithhowparentsdisciplinedtheir

children.Children,theyfound,weremoreempathicwhenthedisciplineincludedcallingstrongattentiontothedistresstheirmisbehaviorcausedsomeoneelse:

"Lookhowsadyou'vemadeherfeel"insteadof"Thatwasnaughty".Theyfoundtoothat

children'sempathyisalsoshapedbyseeinghowothersreactwhensomeoneelseis

distressed;byimitatingwhattheysee,childrendeveloparepertoireofempathicresponse,especiallyinhelpingotherpeoplewhoaredistressed.■

UNIT3

Stolenidentity

1"Frankneverwenttopilotschool,medicalschool,lawschool,...becausehe'sstillinhighschool."

2Thatwasthestraplineofthe2002filmCatchMeIfYouCan,whichtellsthestory

ofFrankAbagnale,Jr.（LeonardoDiCaprio）,abrilliantyoungmasterofdeceptionwhoatdifferenttimesimpersonatedadoctor,alawyer,andanairplanepilot,forging

checksworthmorethansixmilliondollarsin26countries.Hebecametheyoungest

mantoevermaketheFBI'smost-wantedlistforforgery.HuntedandcaughtinthefilmbyfictionalFBIagentCarlHanratty（TomHanks）,Abagnalelaterescaped.HeeventuallybecameaconsultantfortheFBIwherehefocusedonwhite-collarcrime.

3It'sagreatfilm,butcouldithappeninreallife?

Infact,CatchMeIfYouCanisbasedonthetruestoryofFrankAbagnale,whosecareerasafraudsterlastedaboutsixyearsbeforehewascaught,whoescapedfromcustodythreetimes（oncethroughanairplanetoilet）,andwhospentatotalofsixyearsinprisoninFrance,Swedenand

theUS.Henowrunsaconsultancyadvisingtheworldofbusinesshowtoavoidfraud.Hehasraisedenoughmoneytopaybackallhisvictims,andisnowamulti-millionaire.

4Since2003,identitythefthasbecomeincreasinglycommon.Fewpeoplecouldimaginehowimportantthingsliketakingmailtothepostofficeandnotleavingitinthemailboxforpickup,shreddingdocumentsinsteadofthrowingthemoutwiththetrash,evenusingapencostingacoupleofbucks,havebecometoavoidlife-changingcrimes.

5Moreandmorepeoplearebecominganonymousvictimsofidentitytheft.We

spendmanyhoursanddollarstryingtorecoverourname,ourcredit,ourmoneyandourlives.Weneedtolookfordifferentwaystoprotectourselves.