Book2 Unit2.docx
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Book2Unit2
UnitTwo
SectionA:
EnvironmentalProtectionthroughouttheWorld
Aboutthetext
1.Ecologyisthestudyoftherelationshipsamongplants,animals,people,andtheirenvironment,andthebalanceamongtheserelationships.
2.NewEnglandisthemostnortheasternregionoftheU.S.A.,includingthestatesofConnecticut,Maine,Massachusetts,NewHampshire,RhodeIslandandVermont.ItwassonamedbyJohnSmithwhenheexploreditin1614.ANewEnglanderisanativeorresidentofNewEngland.
3.GrandBanksisavastextensionoftheoceanoffsoutheastNewfoundland(纽芬兰岛)intheNorthAtlantic,oneoftheworld’sgreatestcod-fishinggrounds.
4.IslamisareligionandsocialwayoflifebasedontheteachingsofMohammedaspreservedintheKoran(可兰经)andtheSunna(伊斯兰教教规).ItiscenteredinMecca(麦加),andincludestheworshipofgodsrepresentedbyholystonescalledtheKaaba(建于麦加的伊斯兰教寺院内的圣堂).
5.MeccaorMakkah,withapopulationof200,000,isthechiefholycityofIslam,capitaloftheHejaz(汉志省,沙特阿拉伯省名),SaudiArabia,inavalleysurroundedbyhills,80km.fromtheRedSea.ItwasthebirthplaceofMohammed.Itseconomydependsuponpilgrims(朝圣者).
TextStructure:
problem-solution
The“problem-solution”isoneofthemostcommonpatternswehaveinwriting.Therearesomepossibledifferencesinthepatternbutthebasicpartsareproblemsandsolutions.
Airpollution
Airpollutionisoneofthemajorproblemsofthemodernworld.Agreatdealofenergyisneededtorunthefactoriesofmodernindustrialnations.Automobiles,trains,planesandbusesneedenergy,too.Nearlyallofthisenergyisproducedbyburningfuels.Theburningproduceswastes,someofwhichremainintheair,causingairpollution.
Scientistsarefindingwaystostopairpollutionespeciallyinbigindustrialareas.Theyarestudyingnewwaysofgeneratingelectricitythatmaybedoinglessdamagetotheenvironment.Inthemeantime,manypowerplantsarebeingmodernizedtogiveofflesspollutingmaterial.Also,engineerstrytodesignandlocatenewpowerplantstodominimumdamagestotheenvironment.
However,westillhavealongwaytogobeforewehaveacleanworld.Nearlyallofthecountriesaretryinghardtopreventandcontrolairpollution.Thereindeedseemstobenoendtotasksthatenvironmentalistswillberequiredtodo.Peoplewillcontinuallyfindnewwaystocontrolpollution..
NewWords
1.undertakevt.1.(startto)makeoneselfresponsiblefor(sth.)担任,承担
---Thelawyerundertookthecasewithoutafee.这律师免费承办那个案件。
2.agreeorpromisetodosth.同意做,要做,答应
---HeundertooktofinishthejobbyFriday.他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。
---Wecan'tundertakethatyouwillmakeaprofit.我们不能保证你会获利。
2.initiativen.1.[C]actiontakentosolveadifficulty
解决困难所采取的行动,初步行动
---Thegovernmentismakingsomefreshinitiativestotrytodealwiththeproblem.政府正在采取某些新的积极行动,来设法解决这一问题。
2.the~(sing.)powerorrighttotakeaction
采取行动的能力(权利或权力),主动权,优先权
---Helikestotaketheinitiativeinmakingacquaintances.他喜欢主动交朋友。
---Hehelpedmeonhisowninitiative.他主动帮助我。
3.abundanta.1.morethanenough;plenty很多的,丰富的,充裕的
---Wehaveanabundantsupplyoffruit.我们有充裕的水果供应。
2.(in/with)havingplentyofsth.,richinsth.富于,富有
---Thecountryisabundantinnaturalresources.
4.speciesn.(pl.unchanged)groupofanimalsandplantsonlydifferentinlittledetailsfromtheothers,andabletobreedwitheachotherbutnotwithothergroups特指生物的物种,种类
---Somespeciesofanimalshavebecomeextinctbecausetheycouldnotadapttoachangingenvironment.有一些动物已经灭种了,因为它们不能适应环境的变化
---Nospeciesofperformingartistsisasself-criticalasadancer
所有艺术家的类型中,没有象舞蹈家那样严格地自我要求了
[典型试题]Thewolfandthedogbelongtothesame_______.
A.categoryB.sortC.typeD.species
kind:
指动植物的种类,对客观上相似的事物进行分类
---Abutterflyisakindofinsect./Fruitsofthiskindsoondecay.
category:
指有确切定义的群体
---Chickenisoneoftheexportitemsinthefoodcategory.
sort:
对人或事进行大致地归类,主观性较强
---SheisthesortofgirlIlike,alwayshappyandsmiling.
type:
指客观界限比较明显的同类事物
---Youcanhavetwotypesofclothforyourcurtain.
5.ambitiousa.1.showingorrequiringaparticulardesireofthiskind
显示或需要雄心的
Hisplansareambitious;hewantstomasterFrench,GermanandSpanishbeforeheistwenty.他的计划雄心勃勃;他想在20岁前掌握法语、德语和西班牙语.2.fullofstrongdesires,esp.formoneyorsuccess
充满野心的,雄心勃勃的(尤指为金钱或功名的)
---Sheisambitiousforpower/socialposition.她极欲获得权力/社会地位。
---beambitiousofsuccess渴望成功
---Sheisambitioustosucceedinlifeasafemalenewswriter.
她渴望自己作为一名女新闻工作者在生活中取得成就。
6.diversea.1.ofdifferentkinds;various种类不同的,多种多样的
---Hisinterestsareverydiverse.他的兴趣很广泛。
2.different(fromeachother);notthesame不同的,相异的
---wearediversefromeachotheronhowtoraisechildren.
在怎样养育孩子的问题上,我们有迥然不同的看法。
7.seriesn.[pl.unchanged]numberofthings,events,etc.ofasimilarkind,esp.placedorhappeningoneafteranother一连串,一系列,连续的事物(件)
---Hesawaseriesofwhitearrowspaintedontheroad.
他看见马路上画有一连串白色箭头。
[典型试题]Thiscountryhashada______ofbrilliantstatesmeninthiscentury.
A.sequenceB.seriesC.successionD.chain
Sequence强调事情发生的先后逻辑顺序
---Thehistoryprofessorsweredealingwiththeseeventsinhistoricalsequence.
Series指彼此间有共同的关系,有独立的个性,但又构成一个整体
---Theboyaskedaseriesofquestionsonsummercamp.
Succession指互相跟随,一般按照时间次序而且没有中断,一个接一个:
---Reportsofvictorycameinquicksuccession.
Chain暗示紧密连接或联系在一起的一系列东西:
---Theiractsetoffachainofrevoltsthroughoutthecountry.
Series既是单数形式又是复数形式。
当它具有“一套”的单数意思时,它使用单数动词,即使当series紧接着of和一个复数名词时也是如此:
---Aseriesoflecturesisscheduled.一套演讲已安排好了。
当它有“一套或多套”的复数意思时,它使用复数动词:
---Twoseriesoflecturesarescheduled:
oneforexpertsandoneforlaypeople.
两套演讲已安排好了:
一套为专业人员,一套为非专业人员
8.financevt.providemoneyfor(aproject,etc.)
为(项目)提供经费,为……提供资金
---Thegovernmentwillfinancethebuildingofthenewroadswiththetaxesitcollects.政府将用它所征得的税收为修建这条新公路提供资金。
n.1.[U]managementof(esp.public)money理财(尤指公款),金融财政---Peoplewhoworkinbanksknowaboutfinance.在银行工作的人懂金融。
2.(pl.)moneyavailabletoaperson,companyorcountry
(个人、公司、政府的)财源,资金
---Unlesswegetmorefinance,we'llhavetoclosethebranchoffices.
如果得不到更多的资金,我们就不得不关闭所有的分支办事处。
9.conflictn.1.[C,U](ofopinions,desires,etc.)opposing;difference;clash(指意见、欲望)冲突,抵触
---Everyonewasawarethatthecouplewereinconflictwitheachother.
---Nooneexpectedthistobethelastconflictbetweenthetwocountries.
vi.beagainstorindisagreementwith;clash与......相反,抵触,冲突
---AlltheseactionsbytheNATOconflictedwiththeuniversallyacceptedinternationallaws.北约的这些行动都与公认的国际法相抵触。
Fight通常指身体的或象征性的冲突
---Afightwasscheduledbetweentheworldboxingchampionandthechallenger.世界拳击冠军和挑战者之间将有一场比赛。
struggle本义是“挣扎”,指克服某种障碍或困难,以达到某种目的
---Theywerestrugglingforpeace.他们为和平而斗争。
conflict严重不一致,而引起抵触或冲突
---Theiraccountofthecausesofthewarconflictswithours.
10.contaminatevt.makesth./sb.dirtyorpollutedbyaddingdangerousordisease-carryingmatter污染,玷污,弄脏,污损
---Theriverwascontaminatedwithwaste.
---Theyarecontaminatingthemindsofouryoungpeoplewiththeserottenideas.他们正用这些腐朽的思想污染着我们青年人的头脑。
11.fundn.1.[C]sumofmoneysavedormadeavailableforaparticularpurpose专款,基金
---Afundwassetuptoprotecttherareplants.为保护珍稀植物设立了一项基金
2.[sing.]stockofsupplyofsth.贮藏,储存
---Thenurseryteacher'sgotafundofamusingstories.
---Theyhaveafundofexperiencetodrawon.他们有丰富的经验可利用。
3.[pl.]resourcesoffinance;money财源,金钱,现款
---Theprojectwasabandonedforwantoffunds.这计划因为缺少资金而作罢。
vt.provide(anorganization,aproject,etc.)withmoney
(为公共机构、工程项目)提供资金
---Theworkisfundedbythegovernment.这项工程由政府提供基金。
12.sponsorvt.1.support(aperson,organizationoractivity)bygivingmoney,encouragementorotherhelp赞助,支持
---TheteamissponsoredbyNIKE,sotheplayerswearthelettersNIKEontheirshirts.
这支队伍是由耐克公司赞助的,因此运动员都穿着带NIKE字样的运动服。
2.start;hold发起,举办,主办
---TheexhibitionwassponsoredbytheSocietyofCulture.
这个展览会是由文化学会主办的。
13.generatevt.1.produce生成,产生(光、热、电等)
---Whencoalburns,itgeneratesheat.
2.causetoexist;produce引起,产生
---Thenewdevelopmentwillgenerate1500newjobs.
新的发展将带来1500个新的工作职位。
14.impactn.1.[C](usu.sing.)strongimpressionoreffectonsb./sth.
对......的强烈的印象或影响
---Herspeechmadeagreatimpactoneveryone.
v.1.toleaveapowerfuleffectonasituationorperson影响,作用
---Fallingtraderateshaveimpactedonthecountry'seconomy.
贸易成交率的下降对这个国家的经济造成了影响。
2.strike,hit碰撞,撞击
---Theballimpactedagainstthebatwithaloudnoise.
球撞击球棒时发出了很大的声响。
15.frownv.1.(on/upon)disagree;disapproved不赞成,反对
---Manydoctorsfrownonadietwhichhasalotoffat.
许多医生都不赞成饮食中脂肪含量过高。
2.皱眉,蹙额
---Theteacherfrownedattheclassofnoisychildrenbutithadnoeffect.
老师朝班上那些吵闹的孩子们皱起了眉头,但没有任何效果。
n.[C]皱眉
---Inoticedaslightfrownofdisagreementonhisface.
从他的脸上我注意到了他不赞同地略微皱了一下眉。
16.sheltern.1.[U]alivingplace住所,住处
---Thefarmers'immediateneedisforfood,clothingandshelter.
农民们最迫切的需要是衣、食和住。
2.[C]structurebuilttogiveprotection,esp.fromrain,windorattack
掩蔽部,掩蔽处,躲避处
---Everyonelookedforashelterfromthebadweather.
人人都寻找躲避恶劣天气的地方。
3.[U]conditionofbeingprotected,keptsafe,etc.掩蔽,遮蔽,保护
---Wetookshelterfromthestorminabarn.我们在一个谷仓里躲避暴风雨。
vt.giveshelterto(sb./sth.);protect(sb./sth.)掩蔽,遮蔽,庇护
---Heistryingtoshelterhisbossfromcriticalcomment.
他竭力使他的老板不受批评。
vi.findaplacethatgivesshelter;takeshelter躲难,避难
---Weshelteredunderatreeuntiltherainpassed.我们躲在树下直到雨过去。
17.wagevt.beginandcarryon(awar,campaign,etc.)
发起,进行(战争、运动等)
---Thecityiswagingacampaignagainstsmoking.
这座城市正在开展一场戒