基础医学英语词汇.docx

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基础医学英语词汇.docx

基础医学英语词汇

2007-1-1医学英语词汇复习

(QQ工作室制作,希望对大家有帮助)

AmphibiousWords

resistance抵抗力tolerance耐受性rejection排异incubation潜伏期rupture疝abortion流产angry(患处)肿痛发炎的carrier带菌者attack(疾病)侵袭,发作administration(药的)服法,用法appendix阑尾

Moreexamples:

cutis(皮)aorta(主动脉)cervix(颈)sinus(窦)bronchus(支气管)os(骨)abdomen(腹)membrane(膜)vertebra(椎骨)cartilage(软骨)stoma(口,小孔)soma(身体,躯干)glottis(声门)aden(腺)derma(真皮)larynx(喉)nephron(肾单位)rachis(脊柱)pharynx(咽)phalanx(指骨)bruit(杂音),massage(按摩)antibiotic(抗生素)electrocardiogram(心电图)AIDS(爱滋病)

SARS(非典型性肺炎)Alzheimer’sdisease(早老性痴呆症)Parkinson’sdisease(帕金森病)

SynonymousPhenomenonofMedicalTerms

人体部位 英语拉丁词根 希腊词根 

体body corporo- somato--some  

头head capito- cephalo-

心 heart cordi- cardio- 

手hand mano-/manu-cheiro- 

指 finger digito- dactylo-

血管 vesselvaso- angio-  

vein veno-  phlebo- 

鼻子nosenaso-rhino-

胸chest pecto- thoraco-  

腹belly abdomino- ventro-

脊柱  backbonespino-spondylo-

脑braincerebro-encephalo-

特殊单复数词尾变化规律

1)a----aee.g.aorta----aortae主动脉pleura----pleurae胸膜

2)us----ie.g.coccus----cocci球菌bacillus-----bacilli杆菌

3)um----ae.g.serum----sera(serums)血清bacterium----bacteria

4)on----ae.g.phenomenon----phenomenacriterion----criteria

5)is----ese.g.crisis----crises危象analysis----analyses分析

6)ma----matae.g.trauma----traumata创伤haematoma----haematomata血肿

7)men----minae.g.lumen----lumina(管)腔abdomen----abdomina腹

8)元音+x----元音+cese.g.cortex----cortices皮质appendix----appendices阑尾thorax----thoraces胸廓

辅音+x----辅音+gese.g.pharynx----pharynges咽larynx----larynges喉

Typesofcombiningforms

Greeksource

(1)-o-cardi+o→cardio-o+logy→-ology

(2)-a-par+a→para-

(3)-y-brad+y→brady-pol+y→poly-

Latinsource

-i-mult+i→multi-i+cide→-icideov+i→ovi-

e.g.neur/o/psych/o/pathy(神经精神性疾病)gastr/o/enter/itis(胃肠炎)germ/i/cide(杀菌剂)dent/i/form(牙形的)par/a/thyroid(甲状旁腺)hyper/chlor/emia(高氯血)peri/card/itis(心包炎)

Thefollowingpatternsaretypicalofaffixation:

1.prefix+root

e.g.inject:

in-(into)+jec(t)-(tothrow),putmaterialintoaparticularlocation,oftenusingasyringe

2.prefix+combiningvowel+root

e.g.ectoderm:

ect-(outside)+derm-(skin),theouterlayeroftheembryo

3.root+suffix

e.g.stasis:

sta-(tostand)+-sis(aconditionof),slowingoffluidmovement

4.root+combiningvowel+suffix

e.g.sclerosis:

scler-(toharden)+-sis(aconditionof),hardeningorstiffeningofatissue.

5.prefix+root+suffix

e.g.perirenal:

peri-(around)+ren-(kidney)+-al(pertainingto),locatedaroundthekidney

6.prefix+root+combiningvowel+suffix

e.g.synarthrosis:

syn-(together)+arthr-(joint)+-sis(aconditionof),immobilizationofajointbyfusion(不动关节)

7.prefx+prefix+root+combiningvowel+suffix

e.g.contraindication:

contra-(against)+in-(toward)+dic(t)-(tospeak)+-tion(theactionorprocessinvolved),aconditionthatprecludesusingadrug(禁忌症)

8.root+root+suffix

e.g.sialadenitis:

sial-(saliva)+aden-(gland)+-itis(aninflammatorycondition),inflammationofasalivarygland(涎腺炎)

9.root+combiningvowel+root+suffix

e.g.hemophilia:

hemo-(blood)+phil-(beloved,loving)+-ia(pathologicalorabnormalcondition),anyofseveralhereditaryblood-coagulationdisorders

10.prefix+root+root+suffix

e.g.hyperglycemia:

hyper-(excessive)+glyc-(sweet)+(h)em-(blood)+-ia(condition),thepresenceofanabnormallyhighconcentrationofglucoseintheblood

医学派生词前缀的来源及其特点

(一)

介词希腊语前缀及例词拉丁语前缀及例词

aftermeta-(metatarsal)post-(post-mortem)

beforepro-(prognosis)ante-(antenatal)

insideendo-(endocrine)intra-(intravenous)

outsideecto-(ectoplasm)extra-(extramural)

医学派生词前缀的来源及其特点

(二)

介词希腊语前缀及例词拉丁语前缀及例词

in,intoen-,em-(endemic)in-im-(insert)

outofex-,exo-(exocrine)ex-(excision)

below/underhypo-(hypothermia)sub-(subacute)

above/overhyper-(hypertention)super-(superacidity)

supra-(suprarenal)

医学派生词前缀的来源及其特点(三)

介词希腊语前缀及例词拉丁语前缀及例词

againstanti-(antibiotic)contra-(contradict)

togetherwithsyn-,sym-(syndrome)con-com-(concentrate)

acrossdia-(diarrhea)trans-(transmit)

医学派生词后缀的特定意义

1.–itis(发炎)arthritis(关节炎)

2.–oma(瘤)lipoma(脂肪瘤)

3.–ia(状态)nephralgia(肾痛

4.–osis(不正常状态)hepatosis(肝病)

5.–oid(类似)nephroid(类似肾脏的)

6.–algia(痛)hepatalgia(肝痛)

7.–tomy(切开术)nephrotomy(肾切开术)

8.–ectomy(切除术)hepatectomy(肝切除术)

9.–pathy(病)nephropathy(肾脏病)

10.–scope(检查镜)bronchoscope(支气管镜)

unit1

1.craniumn.(pl.)craniumsorcrania颅骨,头盖骨cranialadj.颅的,颅侧的(crani/o----skull)

2.vertebran.(oneofthe33bonesofwhichthebackbone/spine/spinalcolumniscomposed)

vertebraladj.intervertebraldisc椎间盘vertebraten.脊椎动物adj.有椎骨的,有脊椎的;脊椎动物的

3.hematopoiesis(=haematopoiesis)n.(theformationofbloodorbloodcellsinthebody.)

(hemat/o-→blood,-poiesis→formation;production)

4.plateletn.(bloodplatelet;thrombocyte)

5.diaphysisn.(theshaftofalongbone)长骨的中段,骨干

6.epiphysisn.theendofalongbonethatisoriginallyseparatedfromthemainbonebyalayerofcartilagebutthatlaterbecomesunitedtothemainbonethroughossification.骨骺

dia-→throughepi-→over;on-physis→growth

7.metacarpal----anyofthebonesofthemetacarpus(thepartofthehumanhandthatincludesthefivebonesbetweenthefingersandthewrist掌骨)

metatarsal----anyofthebonesofthemetatarsus(themiddlepartofthehumanfootthatformstheinstepandincludesthefivebonesbetweenthetoesandtheankle跖骨)

meta-→after;beyond后;旁carp/o-→wristbone;carpustars/o→anklebone;tarsus

8.phalanxn.(Greek)(=digitus)aboneofafingerortoe

9.femurn.(=thighbone)aboneofthelegsituatedbetweenthepelvisandkneeinhumanbeings.Itisthelargestandstrongestboneinthebody.

10.sternumn.(=breastbone)alongflatboneinmostvertebratesthatissituatedalongtheventralmidlineofthethoraxandarticulateswiththeribs

11.scapulan.(=shoulderblade)(eitheroftwolarge,flat,triangularbonesformingthebackpartoftheshoulder

12.suturen

(1)thelineofjunctionoranimmovablejointbetweentwobones,especiallyoftheskull

(2)thesurgicalmethodusedtocloseawoundorjointissues.

suturaladj.骨缝的;缝合的

13.patellan(=kneecap;kneepan)aflattriangularbonelocatedatthefrontofthekneejoint

14.membranen.膜intramembranousadj.intra-→inner;inside

15.endochondraladj.(=intracartilaginous)end/o-→inner;insidechondr/o-→cartilage

16.ossificationn.

(1)thenaturalprocessofboneformation

(2)Thehardeningorcalcificationofsofttissueintoabonelikematerial.os-,ossi-,osse-→bone-fication→making

17.stressn.anappliedforceorsystemofforcesthattendstostrainordeformabody

18.osteoclastn.-clastbreakingcell

osteoblastn.-blastundifferentialcell;primitivecell母细胞,成…细胞osteo/o-→bone

19.homeostasisn.theabilityortendencyofanorganismoracelltomaintaininternalequilibriumbyadjustingitsphysiologicalprocesses.

home/o-→like-stasiscontrol→stopcompareh(a)emostasis:

arrestofbleeding止血

20.spurn.abonyoutgrowthorprotuberance骨刺

21.Paget’sdisease:

(SirJamesPaget,aBritishsurgeonandpathologistwhodescribedosteitisdeformans)

achronicdiseaseofbones,affectedbonesbecomethickenedandtheirstructuredisorganized变形性骨炎,佩吉特氏病

22.lysosome:

n.amembrane-boundorganelleinthecytoplasmofmostcellscontainingvarioushydrolyticenzymesthatfunctioninintracellulardigestion溶酶体(一种被膜包住的小器官,存在于大多数细胞的细胞质中,内含多种水解酶,在细胞内消化中起作用)

-some→body(Greek)体e.g.chromosome染色体;chondrosome线粒体

23.phagocytosev.吞噬phagocyten.吞噬细胞,噬菌细胞phag/o-→eat;swallow-cyte→cell;

24.gastrointestinaladj.(oforrelatingtothestomachandintestines)gastr/o-→stomach

25.osteoporosis:

n.adiseaseinwhichthebonesbecomeextremelyporous,aresubjecttofracture,andheal

slowly,occurringespeciallyinwomenfollowingmenopauseandoftenleadingtocurvatureofthespinefromvertebralcollapse骨质疏松症;一种疾病,症状为骨头充满孔隙、易骨折且愈合慢,多发作于绝经后的妇女且常导致椎骨萎陷直至脊椎弯曲-porosis→loose疏松

26.collagen----Thefibrousproteinconstituentofbone,cartilage,tendon,andotherconnectivetissuethatconverts

intogelatinbyboiling.骨胶原,成胶质

27.macrophage----Anyofthelargephagocyticcellsfoundinthereticuloendothelialsystem.

Unit2

NewWords

1.spinalcord/spinalmarrow:

脊髓spinalcolumn(spine)脊柱,脊椎骨

2.medulla髓质(e.g.themarrowofbone骨髓,themedullaoblongata.延髓)

3.cavity:

oralcavity口腔abdominalcavity腹腔bodycavity体腔cranialcavity颅腔entericcavity肠腔nasalcavity鼻腔thoraciccavity胸腔pelviccavity盆腔marrowcavity/medullarycavity髓腔

4.meninges(pl.)(meninx)脑膜meningitis:

脑膜炎epidemiccerebrospinalmeningitis流行性脑脊髓膜炎

5.pons:

(pl.pontes)aslendertissuejoiningtwopartsofanorgan.桥;脑桥

6.occipitaladj枕部的,枕骨的n.枕骨occiput:

thebackpartoftheheadorskull.枕部

7.foramenn.孔;小口或通气口magnum(源自拉丁语,magnus大的)

8.reticularadj.reticularcell网状细胞,reticulartissue/reticulum网状组织

9.cerebellumn.小脑cerebrumn.大脑encephalonn.脑,脑髓diencephalonsn.间脑mesencephalonn.中脑telencephalonn.端脑

10.corpus:

themainpartofabodilystructureororgan主体;身体结构或器官的主要部分

corpuscallosum:

thebroadbandofnervoustissuethatconnectsthetwocerebralhemispheres胼胝体

11.dendrite:

abranchedprotoplasmicextensionofanervecellthatconductsimpulsesfromadjacentcells

inwardtowardthecellbody.Asinglenervemaypossessmanydendrites.树突;神经细胞中一种树枝状细胞质突起,它把邻近细胞的刺激传到本细胞。

体内一条神经里可能有许多树突。

axon:

theusuallylongprocessofanervefiberthatgenerallyconductsimpulsesawayfromthe

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