基础医学英语词汇.docx

1、基础医学英语词汇2007-1-1医学英语词汇复习（QQ工作室制作，希望对大家有帮助）Amphibious Words resistance 抵抗力 tolerance 耐受性 rejection 排异 incubation 潜伏期rupture 疝abortion 流产angry（患处）肿痛发炎的carrier 带菌者attack（疾病）侵袭，发作administration（药的）服法，用法appendix 阑尾More examples: cutis (皮) aorta (主动脉) cervix (颈) sinus (窦) bronchus (支气管) os (骨) abdomen (腹)

2、 membrane(膜) vertebra (椎骨) cartilage (软骨)stoma (口,小孔) soma (身体,躯干) glottis (声门) aden (腺) derma (真皮) larynx (喉) nephron (肾单位) rachis (脊柱) pharynx (咽) phalanx (指骨)bruit(杂音), massage(按摩) antibiotic （抗生素）electrocardiogram （心电图）AIDS （爱滋病）SARS （非典型性肺炎）Alzheimers disease (早老性痴呆症) Parkinsons disease (帕金森病)

3、Synonymous Phenomenon of Medical Terms人体部位 英语 拉丁词根 希腊词根体 body corporo- somato- -some头 head capito- cephalo- 心 heart cordi- cardio-手 hand mano-/manu- cheiro-指 finger digito- dactylo-血管 vessel vaso- angio-vein veno- phlebo-鼻子 nose naso- rhino- 胸 chest pecto- thoraco-腹 belly abdomino- ventro-脊柱 backbon

4、e spino- spondylo-脑 brain cerebro- encephalo- 特殊单复数词尾变化规律1) a-ae e.g. aorta-aortae 主动脉 pleura-pleurae 胸膜2) us-i e.g. coccus-cocci 球菌 bacillus-bacilli 杆菌3) um-a e.g. serum-sera ( serums) 血清 bacterium-bacteria4) on-a e.g. phenomenon-phenomena criterion-criteria5) is-es e.g. crisis-crises 危象 analysis-a

5、nalyses 分析6) ma-mata e.g. trauma-traumata 创伤 haematoma-haematomata 血肿7) men-mina e.g. lumen-lumina （管）腔 abdomen-abdomina 腹8) 元音+x-元音+ces e.g. cortex-cortices 皮质 appendix-appendices 阑尾thorax-thoraces 胸廓 辅音+x-辅音+ ges e.g. pharynx-pharynges 咽 larynx-larynges 喉Types of combining forms Greek source (1) -

6、o- cardi + o cardio- o + logy -ology(2) -a- par + a para- (3) -y- brad + y brady -pol + y poly-Latin source -i- mult + i multi- i + cide -icide ov + i ovi-e.g. neur/o/psych/o/pathy ( 神经精神性疾病 ) gastr/ o /enter / itis （胃肠炎）germ/ i / cide（杀菌剂）dent/ i / form（牙形的）par/ a / thyroid（甲状旁腺）hyper / chlor / emi

7、a ( 高氯血 ) peri /card / itis ( 心包炎 ) The following patterns are typical of affixation:1.prefix + roote.g. inject : in- ( into ) + jec (t)- ( to throw ), put material into a particular location, often using a syringe2. prefix + combining vowel + root e.g. ectoderm : ect- ( outside ) + derm- ( skin ),

8、the outer layer of the embryo3. root + suffix e.g. stasis : sta- ( to stand ) + -sis ( a condition of ), slowing of fluid movement4. root + combining vowel + suffix e.g. sclerosis : scler- ( to harden ) + -sis (a condition of ), hardening or stiffening of a tissue.5. prefix + root + suffix e.g. peri

9、renal : peri- ( around ) + ren- ( kidney ) +-al ( pertaining to ), located around the kidney6. prefix + root + combining vowel + suffix e.g. synarthrosis : syn- ( together ) + arthr- ( joint ) + -sis ( a condition of ), immobilization of a joint by fusion ( 不动关节 )7. prefx + prefix + root + combining

10、 vowel + suffix e.g. contraindication : contra- ( against ) + in- ( toward ) + dic(t)- ( to speak ) + -tion ( the action or process involved ), a condition that precludes using a drug ( 禁忌症 )8. root + root + suffix e.g. sialadenitis : sial- ( saliva ) + aden- ( gland ) + -itis (an inflammatory condi

11、tion ), inflammation of a salivary gland ( 涎腺炎 )9. root + combining vowel + root + suffix e.g. hemophilia : hemo- ( blood ) + phil- ( beloved, loving ) + -ia ( pathological or abnormal condition ), any of several hereditary blood- coagulation disorders10. prefix + root + root + suffix e.g. hyperglyc

12、emia : hyper- ( excessive ) + glyc- ( sweet ) + (h)em- ( blood ) + -ia ( condition ), the presence of an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood 医学派生词前缀的来源及其特点（一）介词 希腊语前缀及例词 拉丁语前缀及例词after meta- (metatarsal) post- (post-mortem)before pro- (prognosis) ante- (antenatal)inside endo- (endoc

13、rine) intra- (intravenous)outside ecto- (ectoplasm) extra- (extramural)医学派生词前缀的来源及其特点(二)介词 希腊语前缀及例词 拉丁语前缀及例词in, into en-, em- (endemic) in- im- ( insert ) out of ex-, exo- (exocrine) ex- ( excision )below/under hypo- (hypothermia) sub- (subacute)above/over hyper- (hypertention) super- (superacidity)

14、 supra- (suprarenal)医学派生词前缀的来源及其特点(三)介词 希腊语前缀及例词 拉丁语前缀及例词against anti- (antibiotic) contra- (contradict)together with syn-, sym- (syndrome) con- com- (concentrate) across dia- (diarrhea) trans- (transmit) 医学派生词后缀的特定意义1. itis (发炎) arthritis(关节炎)2. oma (瘤) lipoma(脂肪瘤) 3. ia (状态) nephralgia (肾痛 4. osis

15、 (不正常状态) hepatosis(肝病 )5. oid ( 类似) nephroid(类似肾脏的 )6. algia (痛) hepatalgia(肝痛)7. tomy (切开术) nephrotomy(肾切开术)8. ectomy (切除术) hepatectomy(肝切除术)9. pathy (病) nephropathy(肾脏病 )10. scope(检查镜) bronchoscope(支气管镜)unit 11.cranium n. （pl.）craniums or crania 颅骨,头盖骨cranial adj. 颅的，颅侧的 ( crani/o-skull ) 2.verteb

16、ra n. (one of the 33 bones of which the backbone/spine/spinal column is composed )vertebral adj. intervertebral disc 椎间盘vertebrate n. 脊椎动物adj. 有椎骨的,有脊椎的;脊椎动物的3. hematopoiesis (=haematopoiesis) n. (the formation of blood or blood cells in the body.)(hemat/o-blood, -poiesisformation; production) 4.pla

17、telet n. ( blood platelet; thrombocyte) 5.diaphysis n. (the shaft of a long bone) 长骨的中段,骨干 6.epiphysis n. the end of a long bone that is originally separated from the main bone by a layer of cartilage but that later becomes united to the main bone through ossification. 骨骺 dia-through epi-over;on -ph

18、ysis growth 7.metacarpal- any of the bones of the metacarpus (the part of the human hand that includes the five bones between the fingers and the wrist 掌骨) metatarsal- any of the bones of the metatarsus (the middle part of the human foot that forms the instep and includes the five bones between the

19、toes and the ankle跖骨) meta-after; beyond 后;旁 carp/o-wrist bone; carpus tars/oankle bone; tarsus8.phalanx n. (Greek)(= digitus) a bone of a finger or toe9.femur n. (=thigh bone) a bone of the leg situated between the pelvis and knee in human beings. It is the largest and strongest bone in the body.10

20、.sternum n. (=breastbone) a long flat bone in most vertebrates that is situated along the ventral midline of the thorax and articulates with the ribs11.scapula n. (=shoulder blade) (either of two large, flat,triangular bones forming the back part of the shoulder12.suture n (1) the line of junction o

21、r an immovable joint between two bones, especially of the skull (2) the surgical method used to close a wound or join tissues. sutural adj. 骨缝的;缝合的13.patella n (=kneecap; kneepan) a flat triangular bone located at the front of the knee joint14.membrane n. 膜 intramembranous adj. intra-inner; inside 1

22、5.endochondral adj. (=intracartilaginous) end/o-inner; inside chondr/o-cartilage16.ossification n. (1) the natural process of bone formation(2)The hardening or calcification of soft tissue into a bonelike material. os-, ossi-, osse-bone -ficationmaking17.stress n. an applied force or system of force

23、s that tends to strain or deform a body18. osteoclast n. -clast breaking cell osteoblast n. -blast undifferential cell; primitive cell 母细胞, 成细胞osteo/o-bone19. homeostasis n. the ability or tendency of an organism or a cell to maintain internalequilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes. hom

24、e/o-like -stasis controlstop compareh(a)emostasis: arrest of bleeding 止血20. spur n. a bony outgrowth or protuberance 骨刺21. Pagets disease: (Sir James Paget, a British surgeon and pathologist who described osteitis deformans) a chronic disease of bones, affected bones become thickened and their struc

25、ture disorganized 变形性骨炎, 佩吉特氏病22. lysosome: n. a membrane-bound organelle in the cytoplasm of most cells containing varioushydrolytic enzymes that function in intracellular digestion 溶酶体 (一种被膜包住的小器官,存在于大多数细胞的细胞质中,内含多种水解酶,在细胞内消化中起作用) -somebody (Greek) 体 e.g. chromosome 染色体; chondrosome线粒体23.phagocyto

26、se v.吞噬 phagocyte n.吞噬细胞,噬菌细胞phag/o-eat; swallow -cytecell; 24. gastrointestinal adj. (of or relating to the stomach and intestines) gastr/o-stomach25. osteoporosis: n. a disease in which the bones become extremely porous, are subject to fracture, and heal slowly, occurring especially in women follo

27、wing menopause and often leading to curvature of thespine from vertebral collapse 骨质疏松症; 一种疾病,症状为骨头充满孔隙、易骨折且愈合慢,多发作于绝经后的妇女且常导致椎骨萎陷直至脊椎弯曲 -porosisloose 疏松26. collagen-The fibrous protein constituent of bone, cartilage, tendon, and other connective tissue that converts into gelatin by boiling.骨胶原, 成胶质

28、27. macrophage-Any of the large phagocytic cells found in the reticuloendothelial system.Unit 2 New Words 1.spinal cord / spinal marrow : 脊髓 spinal column ( spine) 脊柱,脊椎骨2. medulla 髓质（ e.g. the marrow of bone 骨髓,the medulla oblongata.延髓）3.cavity: oral cavity 口腔 abdominal cavity 腹腔 body cavity 体腔 cra

29、nial cavity 颅腔enteric cavity 肠腔 nasal cavity鼻腔 thoracic cavity 胸腔 pelvic cavity 盆腔marrow cavity / medullary cavity 髓腔4. meninges (pl.) ( meninx ) 脑膜 meningitis: 脑膜炎 epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis 流行性脑脊髓膜炎5. pons: (pl. pontes) a slender tissue joining two parts of an organ. 桥; 脑桥6.occipital adj 枕部

30、的, 枕骨的 n. 枕骨 occiput: the back part of the head or skull. 枕部7.foramen n. 孔; 小口或通气口magnum (源自拉丁语, magnus 大的)8.reticular adj.reticular cell 网状细胞, reticular tissue / reticulum 网状组织9. cerebellum n. 小脑 cerebrum n.大脑encephalon n. 脑, 脑髓 diencephalons n. 间脑 mesencephalon n. 中脑 telencephalon n. 端脑10. corpus:

31、 the main part of a bodily structure or organ 主体;身体结构或器官的主要 部分 corpus callosum: the broad band of nervous tissue that connects the two cerebral hemispheres 胼胝体11. dendrite: a branched protoplasmic extension of a nervecell that conducts impulses from adjacent cells inward toward the cell body. A single nervemay possess many dendrites. 树突; 神经细胞中一种树枝状细胞质突起,它把邻 近细胞的刺激传到本细胞。体内一条神经里可能有许多树突。 axon: the usually long process of a nerve fiber that generally conducts impulses away from the