英语读译第四册课件.docx

英语读译第四册课件.docx

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英语读译第四册课件

Doyouknow?

Acrocodilecan’tstickoutitstongue.

Adragonflyhasalifespanof24hours.

Agoldfishhasamemoryspanofthreeseconds.

Asharkistheonlyfishthatcanblinkwithbotheyes.

Asnailcansleepforthreeyears.

Anostrich’seyeisbiggerthanitsbrain.

Babiesarebornwithoutkneecaps.Theydon’tappearuntilthechildreaches2to6yearsofage.

Butterfliestasteswiththeirfeet.

Oureyesarealwaysthesamesizefrombirth,butournoseandearsneverstopgrowing.

Peanutsareoneoftheingredientsofdynamite.

UnitOne

CanWeKnowtheUniverse?

"ThehumanmindisnotcapableofgraspingtheUniverse.Wearelikealittlechildenteringahugelibrary.Thewallsarecoveredtotheceilingswithbooksinmanydifferenttongues.Thechildknowsthatsomeonemusthavewrittenthesebooks.Itdoesnotknowwhoorhow.Itdoesnotunderstandthelanguagesinwhichtheyarewritten.Butthechildnotesadefiniteplaninthearrangementofthebooks-amysteriousorderwhichitdoesnotcomprehend,butonlydimlysuspects.“

AlbertEinstein

"Wegoaboutourdailylivesunderstandingalmostnothingoftheworld.Wegivelittlethoughttothemachinerythatgeneratesthesunlightthatmakeslifepossible,tothegravitythatgluesustoanEarththatwouldotherwisesendusspinningoffintospace,ortotheatomsofwhichwearemadeandonwhosestabilitywefundamentallydepend.…fewofusspendmuchtimewonderingwhynatureisthewayitis; 

wherethecosmoscamefrom,orwhetheritwasalwayshere.”

CarlSagan

PreviewQuestions

1.Canyougivesomeexamplesofscientificdiscoveriestoprovethelimitationandunreliabilityofourcommonsenseandintuition?

2.Arethereanyunexplainedmysteriesaboutthenatureandtheuniverse?

Saysomethingaboutthem.

TextAnalysis

TextAnalysis

TextAnalysis

Comprehension

1.Accordingtothetext,whycan’tweknoweverythingabouttheuniverse?

2.Whydoestheauthorthinktheuniverseweinhabitisanidealone?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthegoalofscience?

UsefulExpressionsandDifficultSentences

reflecton（upon）:

consider,thinkabout

e.g.Youneedtoreflectonthelikelyconsequencesbeforeyouact.

Taketimetoreflectontheimportantthingsinlife.

n.Reflection

Afteraminute'sreflectiononthequestion,heanswered.

Thehighcrimerateisareflectionofthisviolentsociety.

bynomeans（L.8）:

notatall

e.g.It’sbynomeansaneasytasktopersuadeher.

Youanswerisbynomeanssatisfactory.

byallmeans:

certainly;must,withsb.tryinghisbest

e.g.MayIleavenow?

–Byallmeans.

Byallmeanstrythemedicineifyouthinkitwilldoyouanygood.

Perceive（L.12）:

becomeawareofsth.,understand

e.g.Ican’tperceiveanydifferencebetweenthetwopaintings.

Everybodyperceivedachangeinhischaracterafterthisexperience.

Perception:

actorpowerofperceiving

e.g.Agooddrivermusthaveagoodperceptionofdistance.

distort（L.9）:

twist,giveafalseaccountof…

e.g.Thereportofthiseventhasbeendeliberatelydistorted.

Don’tbelievehisdistortedaccountofwhathashappened.

SentenceTranslation

intheabsenceof…（L.16）:

without

e.g.Wecanhardlydrawtheconclusionintheabsenceoffurtherevidence.

Theinvestigationweredelayedintheabsenceofinformationaboutthecrime.

towhat（some,acertain,alarge）extent（L.25）:

在何种（某种，一定，很大）程度上

e.g.Thestudentswereaskedtowhatextenttheyaresatisfiedwiththeircurrentsituation.

Heistosomeextentresponsiblefortheaccident.

approach（L.32）:

a）begintodealwithorworkon

Whenshallweapproachthenewtask?

Heknowshowtoapproachtheproblemcorrectly.

b）tocomenearornearer

Springisapproaching.

Aspeopleapproacholdagetheirenergymaydiminish.

c）n.awayormeansofreachingsomething;anaccess:

anapproachtothebridge.

d）n.themethodusedindealingwithsth.

alogicalapproachtotheproblem.

Thereisnoeasyapproachtolanguagelearning.

makeout（L.35）:

managetosee（read）;understand;figureout

e.g.Wemadeoutafigureinthedarkness.

Canyoumakeoutwhattheobjectisontheothersideoftheriver?

It’sdifficulttomakeoutwhathemeant.

SentenceTranslation

correspondto（L.51）:

相符，相对应=correspondwith

e.g.Hisexpensesdonotcorrespondtohisincome.

Theitemsintheparceldonotcorrespondwiththoseonthelistthataccompaniedit.

correspondto:

beequal,similar

e.g.Thepenofthewritercorrespondstotheswordofasoldier.

correspondwith:

exchangeletters

e.g.I’mincorrespondencewithmyoldfriendsinhighschool.

tobeimmuneto…（L.59）:

nottobeaffectedby…免受……

e.g.Notmanypeopleareimmunetomaterialtemptations.

Onceyouhavehadthediseaseyouareimmunetoitfortherestofyourlife.

SentenceTranslation

fullknowledge:

fullunderstanding

muchlesstheuniverse:

muchlesscanweunderstandabouttheuniverse

因此，在这个意义上，宇宙是难以认识的，人类想要获得完全的认知是不可能的，这个结论出乎我们的意料。

在这个层面上，我们连一粒盐都认识不了，更不用说认识宇宙了。

inperil（L.89）:

indanger

e.g.Youareingreatperil（ofyourlife）byclimbingthemountaininsuchaterribleweather.

Paraphrasethefollowingsentence

SentenceTranslation

Itseemsunlikelythat…（L.101）:

Chancesof…aresmall

e.g.Itseemsunlikelythatsheknowsthetruth.

Itseemsunlikelythattheywillwinthegame.

SentenceTranslation

Butevenifinamuchmorerandomuniversethereweresuchbeingswithanintelligencemuchgreaterthanourown,therecouldnotbemuchknowledge,passionandjob（L.103）.

但是在一个没有规律可循的宇宙中即使存在着更高智能的生物，他们也不可能拥有更多的（在探索宇宙奥秘的过程中所能获得的种种）知识、激情和乐趣。

HowtoExpress

大自然取之不尽的财富

theinexhaustiblewealthofnature

没有摩擦的情况下

intheabsenceoffriction

对传统知识提出置疑

questiontheconventionalwisdom（knowledge）

HowtoExpress

银河系

theMilkyWayGalaxy

在这种意义上

Inthissense

大脑的信息负荷能力

theinformation-carryingcapacityofthebrain

HowtoExpress

自然规律

naturallaws

处于极度危险中

ingraveperil

⏹Unit2

Extraterrestriallife

⏹1.Haveyoueverseenanysciencefictionmoviesorreadanybooksaboutextraterrestriallives?

⏹2. Doyoubelieveintheexistenceofexterritoriallives?

Whyorwhynot?

⏹

⏹Backgroundinformation:

⏹The9planetsinsolarsystem:

⏹Sun---MERCURY–VENUS–EARTH–MARS–JUPITER-SATURN–URANUS–NEPTUNE–PLUTO

⏹

⏹

⏹EscapefromthePlanetoftheapes

⏹Europa:

⏹AplanetdiscoveredbyGalileoandMariusin1610,thesixthofJupiter’sknownsatellites,thesecondoftheGalileanmoons,slightlysmallerthantheearth’smoon

⏹ItisnamedafterthePhoenicianprincessEuropawho,accordingtoGreekmythology,wasseducedandabductedtoCretebyZeus,whohadassumedtheformofawhitebull.ThereKingMinoswasbornasthesonofZeusandEuropaandbecametheKingofCrete.

⏹Titan:

⏹ThefifteenthandthelargestofSaturn’sknownsatellitesdiscoveredbyHuygensin1655,largerthanMercuryandlargerandmoremassivethanPluto

⏹It’snamedafterafamilyofgiantswhowerethedescendentsofUranusandGaia,whosoughttoruletheheavensbutwereoverthrownandsupplantedbyZeus.

⏹Textstructure

⏹PartI.（paragraph1）

⏹Introduction:

Theproblemofprovingtheexistenceofaliensisfarfrombeingsolvedandsearchingforanalienorganismiswellbeyondourtechnologicalreach

⏹PartII.（paragraphs2-3）

⏹Nonintelligentlifeinourgalaxy

MarsandthelargermoonsofJupiterandSaturnarelikelytohavelivesonthem,however,findingnonintelligentlifewouldbeextremelydifficult.

⏹PartIII.（paragraph4-5）

⏹Intelligentlifeinourgalaxy

Ourefforttomakecontactwithpotentialintelligentlifewillmaketheresearcheasier.Butitisstillacontroversialquestionwhetheraliensexistelsewhereintheuniverseatall.

⏹PartIV.（6-11）

⏹Extraterrestriallifeinpopularculture.

⏹

Keywordsandexpressionsanddifficultsentences

⏹1. extra-prefixmeaning

⏹outof/outside/beyond:

extraordinary,extracurricular,extraterrestrial

⏹2.Anopenquestion:

aquestionwithnodefiniteansweroraquestionsubjectedtofurtherconsideration

⏹3.evolve:

todeveloporproducebynaturaldevelopment

⏹n.evolution

Eg.Thepoliticalsysteminthiscountryhasevolvedoverseveralcenturies.

Hissimpleplanevolvedintoacomplicatedscheme.

TheoryofEvolutionbyDarwin

4.mainstream:

aprevailingdirectionofactivityorinfluence

themainstreamofthesociety

mainstreamscientists

mainstreamculture

5.prosaic:

dull,uninteresting,commonplace

⏹aprosaicspeech/lecture/views/

⏹6.subgenre:

⏹asubordinatecategoryofliterarycomposition

⏹Asubgenreofliteratureislikelytoevolveintoamajorgenrewithtime.

⏹7.well-established:

wellacceptedorrecognized

⏹Hishonestyandintegrityarewell-established.

⏹Awell-establisheduniversity/writer/artist/musician…

⏹8.morphology

⏹theformandstructureofanorganismoranyofitsparts（形态学，结构形态研究）

⏹morphologyofminerals（矿物形态学）

⏹9.altruism/paternalism

   altruism:

⏹unselfishregardforordevotiontothewelfareofothers

⏹Altruismshouldbeadvocatedinacompetitiveworld.

⏹Paternalism:

⏹asystemunderwhichanauthorityundertakestosupplyneedsunderhiscontrol（家长式统治，家长制作风）

⏹Theinternationalcommunityoftencondemnsthecountrythatexercisespaternalismoverothersovereignties.

⏹Altruism

⏹Altruismisselflessconcernforthewelfareofothers.Itisatraditionalvirtueinmanycultures,andacoreaspectofvariousreligioustraditionssuchasJudaism,Christianity,Islam,Hinduism,Jainism耆那教,Buddhism,Confucianism,Sikhism 锡克教,andmanyothers.Altruismistheoppositeofselfishness.

⏹Paternalism家长作风；家长式管理；专制

⏹Pa