光伏专业英文词汇.docx

光伏专业英文词汇.docx

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光伏专业英文词汇

Activatedshelflife:

Thetimeittakesforthecapacityofachargedbatterytofalltoanunusablelevelwhenstoredataspecifiedtemperature. 

Activationvoltage:

Thevoltageatwhichthecontrollerwilloperatetoprotectthebatteries.

AGM（AdsorbedGlassMat）:

anewertypeofbatteryconstructionthatusessaturatedadsorbantglassmatsratherthangelledorliquidelectrolyte.AGMbatteriesaretypicallymoreexpensivethanflooded（liquid）,butofferenhancedreliability.

Airmass:

Theairmassrelatestothepathlengthofsolarradiationthroughtheatmosphere.Anairmassof1.0meansthesunisdirectlyoverheadandtheradiationtravelsthroughoneatmospherethickness.Approximatelyequaltothesecantofthezenithangle,i.e.theanglefromdirectlyoverheadtoalinetothesun. 

Alternatingcurrent（AC）:

Electricalcurrentthatcontinuallyreversesdirectionofflow.Thefrequencyatwhichitreversesismeasuredincycles-per-second,orHertz（Hz）.Themagnitudeofthecurrentitselfismeasuredinamps（A）.

Alternator:

AdeviceforproducingAlternatingCurrent（"AC"）electricity.Usuallydrivenbyamotor,butcanalsobedrivenbyothermeans,includingwaterandwindpower.

Ambienttemperature:

Thetemperatureofthesurroundings.

Ammeter:

Adeviceusedformeasuringcurrentflowatanypointinanelectricalcircuit.

Amorphoussilicon:

Athin-filmsolarPVcellmaterialwhichhasaglassyratherthancrystallinestructure.Madebydepositinglayersofdopedsilicononasubstratenormallyusingplasma-enhancedchemicalvapordepositionofsilane.

Amphour:

Thequantityofelectricalenergycorrespondingtotheflowofcurrentofoneampereforonehour.Thetermisusedtoquantifytheenergystoredinabattery.MostbatteriesareratedinAh.

Ampere（A）oramp:

Theunitfortheelectriccurrent;theflowofelectrons.Oneampis1coulombpassinginonesecond.Oneampisproducedbyanelectricforceof1voltactingacrossaresistanceof1ohm.

Anemometer:

Adeviceusedtomeasurewindspeed.

Angleofincidence:

Anglebetweenthenormaltoasurfaceandthedirectionofincidentradiation;appliestotheapertureplaneofasolarpanel.Onlyminorreductionsinpoweroutputwithinplus/minus15degrees.

Anode:

Thepositiveelectrodeinabattery. Thepositiveterminalofadiode.

Anti-reflectioncoating:

Athincoatingofamaterialwithaspecificrefractiveindexappliedtoacelltoreducethereflectionoflight.

Array:

Anumberofsolarmodulesconnectedtogetherinasinglestructure.

Arraycurrent:

TheelectricalcurrentoutputofaPVarraywhenexposedtosunlight.

Arrayoperatingvoltage:

ThevoltageoutputofaPVarraywhenexposedtosunlightandfeedingaload.

Autonomoussystem:

APVSystemthatoperateswithoutanyotherenergygeneratingsource.

Availability:

ThequalityorconditionofaPVsystemthatisavailabletoprovidepowertoaload.Usuallymeasuredinhoursperyear.

AWG:

AmericanWireGauge:

astandardsystemfordesignatingthesizeofelectricalwire.Thehigherthenumber,thesmallerthewire.Mosthousewiringis#12or14.

Azimuth:

TheAnglebetweenthenorthdirectionandtheprojectionofthesurfacenormalintothehorizontalplane;measuredclockwisefromnorth.AsappliedtothePVarray,180degreeazimuthmeansthearrayfacesduesouth.

Balanceofsystem（BOS）:

AllthepartsofaPVSystemexcludingthesolarmodule

Ballast:

acircuitusedtostabilizeanelectriccurrent,forexample,inafluorescentlight.

Battery:

Asysteminwhichstoredchemicalenergyisconverteddirectlyintoelectricalenergy. Canbeeitherrechargeableornon-rechargeable.Differenttoafuelcellinthatitcontainsafixedquantityofstoredchemicalenergyratherthanacontinuoussupplyoffuel.

Batterycapacity:

Thetotalnumberofampere-hours（Ah）thatafullychargedbatterycanoutput.

Batterycell:

Anindividualunitofabatterythatcanstoreelectricalenergyandiscapableoffurnishingacurrenttoanexternalload.Forlead-acidbatteriesthevoltageofacell（fullycharged）isabout2.2voltsdc.Abatterymayconsistofanumberofcells.

Batterycharger:

Adeviceusedtochargeabatterybyconverting（usually）mainsvoltageACtoaDCvoltagesuitableforthebattery.Chargersoftenincorporatesomeformofregulatortopreventovercharginganddamagetothebattery.

BatterycycleLife:

Thenumberoftimesabatterycanundergoacycleofdischargeandrechargebeforefailing.CycleLifeisnormallyspecifiedasafunctionofdischargerateandtemperature.

Batteryself-discharge:

Energylossbyabatterythatisnotunderload.

Batterystateofcharge（SOC）:

Extentofbatterychargestatusasapercentageoffullcharge. Also100percentminustheDepthofDischarge.

BIPV:

BuildingIntegratedPhotovoltaics.Asthenamesuggests,thisiswherePVmodulesareintegratedintothebuildingconstructionmaterialsasonintegratedunit.

Blockingdiode:

Adiodeusedtopreventcurrentflowinanundesirabledirectione.g.fromtherestofthePVarraytoafailedmoduleorfromthebatterytothePVarraywhencurrentgenerationislow.

BritishThermalUnit（BTU）:

Theamountofheatenergyrequiredtoraiseonepoundofwaterfromatemperatureof60degreesFto61degreesFatoneatmospherepressure.OneWatthourequals3,413BTU.

Bypassdiode:

Adiodeconnectedacrossoneormoresolarcellsinaphotovoltaicmodulesuchthatthediodewillconductifthecell（s）becomereversebiased.[UL1703]

Capacitor:

Anelectroniccomponentusedforthetemporarystorageofelectricity,aswellforremovingunwantednoiseincircuits.AcapacitorwillblockDirectCurrentbutwillpassAlternatingCurrent.

Capacity:

SeeBatteryCapacity. 

Captiveelectrolytebattery:

Abatterywithanimmobilizedelectrolyte（gelledorabsorbedinamaterial）.

Cathode:

Thenegativeelectrodeinanelectrochemicalcell.Also,thenegativeterminalofadiode.

Cathodicprotection:

Amethodofpreventingoxidation（rusting）ofexposedmetalstructures,suchasbridgesandpipelines,byimposingbetweenthestructureandthegroundasmallelectricalvoltagethatopposestheflowofelectronsandthatisgreaterthanthevoltagepresentduringoxidation.

Cellefficiency:

Theratiooftheelectricalenergyproducedbyaphotovoltaiccell（underfullsunconditionsor1kW/m2）totheenergyfromsunlightfallinguponthephotovoltaiccell.

Celljunction:

Theareaofimmediatecontactbetweentwolayers（positiveandnegative）ofaphotovoltaiccell.Thejunctionliesatthecenterofthecellbarrierordepletionzone.

Cell:

ThebasicunitofaPVmoduleorbattery. Themostbasicunitthatcontainsthenecessarymaterials,suchaselectrodesandelectrolyteinabattery,toproduceelectricity. 

Charge:

Theprocessofinputtingelectricalenergytoabattery.

Chargecontroller:

Acomponentthatcontrolstheflowofcurrenttoandfromthebatterysubsystemtoprotectthebatteriesfromoverchargeandoverdischarge.Essentialforensuringthatbatteriesobtainmaximumstateofchargeandlongestlife.Thechargecontrollermayalsomonitorsystemperformanceandprovidesystemprotection.ChargeControllersarealsosometimescalledRegulators.

Chargefactor:

Anumbercorrespondingtothetime（inhours）forwhichabatterycanbechargedataconstantcurrentwithoutdamagingit.Usuallyexpressedasafunctionofbatterycapacity,e.g.C/10indicatesachargefactorof10hours.RelatedtoChargeRate.

Chargerate:

Ameasureofthecurrentusedtochargeabatteryasaproportionofitscapacity.

Circuit:

Acontinuoussystemofconductorsprovidingapathforelectricity

Circuitbreaker:

Acircuitbreakeractslikeanautomaticswitchthatcanshutthepoweroffwhenitsensestoomuchcurrent.

Cloudenhancement:

Theincreaseinsolarintensityduetoreflectedlightfromnearbyclouds.

Cogeneration:

Thejointproductionofelectricityandusefulheatatasinglefacility,resultinginmoreefficientuseofthethermalenergy.

Concentrator:

Aphotovoltaicdevicethatusesopticalelements（e.g.mirrorsorlenses）toincreasetheamountoflightincidentonasolarPVcell.Concentratorarraystrackthesunanduseonlydirectsunlightsincethediffuseportioncannotbefocused. Concentratorsthereforeworkbestinclearskylocations. Efficiencyisincreased,butcelllifemaybereducedbecauseoperatingtemperaturesarehigher.

Conductor:

Amaterialusedtotransfer,orconduct,electricity,oftenintheformofwires.

Conduit:

Apipeorelongatedboxusedtohouseandprotectelectricalcables.

Conversionefficiency:

TheratiooftheelectricalenergygeneratedbyasolarPVcelltothesolarenergyimpactingthecell.

Cross-flowturbine:

Aturbinewheretheflowofwaterisatrightanglestotheaxisofrotationoftheturbine.Crystallinesilicon:

AtypeofPVcellmaterialmadefromasinglecrystalorpolycrystallineingotofsilicon.

Current:

Currentistheflowofelectricchargeinaconductorbetweentwopointshavingadifferenceinelectricalpotential（voltage）andismeasuredinAmps.

Currentatmaximumpower（Imp）:

Thecurrentatwhichmaximumpowerisavailablefromamodule.[UL1703]

Cut-offvoltage:

Thevoltagelevelsatwhichthechargecontroller（regulator）disconnectsthePVarrayfromthebattery,ortheloadfromthebattery.

Cycle:

Thedischargeandre-chargeofabattery,onecompletecharge/dischargecycleofthebattery.

Cyclelife:

Numberofcharge-dischargecyclesabatterycanperformunderspecifiedconditionsbeforeitfailstomeetitsspecifiedperformance（e.g.capacitydecreasesto80%ofnominalcapacity）.

Daysofstorage:

Thenumberofdaysthatastand-alonesystemwillpoweraspecifiedloadwith