天津大学英语期末试题带答案及单词翻译.docx
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天津大学英语期末试题带答案及单词翻译
ENGLISHPROFICIENCYEXAM
FORNON-ENGLISHMAJORPOSTGRADUATESTUDENTS
TIANJINUNIVERSITY
Jan.6th,2011
PART1:
Vocabulary（20%）
Directions:
Inthispart,thereare20incompletesentences.Foreachsentencethereare4choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
1.ThepopulationoftheUnitedKingdomis____toincreasebyover4millionto65.6millionin2018.
A.projected预计
B.expanded扩大为;
C.committed献身于，致力于;
D.assigned归属于
2.It'struethathumanityhasseena____ofcrises,warsandatrocities,butthisnegativesideisoffsetbyadvancesintechnologyandculturalexchanges.
A.line
B.quantity
C.set
D.succession
3.Alcoholisoneofthemostcommonlyabusedsubstances（物质）,andmenareuptotwiceas____todevelopalcoholismaswomen.
A.subject
B.likely
C.susceptible易受影响的;易受感染的;善感的;
D.responsible承担责任;负有责任的;
4.Firesinhomesandofficescouldbe____moreefficientlyusingtechnologythatpredictshowablazewillspread.
A.manipulated熟练控制，操纵，影响;
B.solved
C.tackled解决（tackle的过去式和过去分词）;应付;
D.operated
5.Anexclusive（专用的;单独的;）focusonforests--____theentirelandscape--couldleadtoinequitable（不公平的，不公正的）anddestructive（破坏性的;毁灭性的;有害的;）outcomesforthepoorindevelopingcountries.
A.inrelationto
B.asopposedto
C.incaseof
D.onbehalfof
6.Increasingvariabilityinyear-to-yearrainfallandmorefrequentextremeeventswillchangeecosystemsandspeedupthe____ofsoilandwaterresources.
A.degradation退化; 堕落; 降级;
B.recession经济衰退，不景气;后退，撤退;
C.civilization文明，文化;开化，教化;修养;
D.utilization利用，使用，效用;
7.Sedentarybehaviors（久坐行为）suchasTVviewingand"screentime"involvingcomputeruse,videosandvideogamesappearto____elevated（升高的;高层的;高尚的;）bloodpressureinchildren,independentofbodycomposition.
A.beassociatedwith和…联系在一起;与…有关;
B.comeupwith追赶上;比得上;想出;
C.getinvolvedin涉及;
D.inchargeof主管，负责;照料;
8.Whileauthorsupallnighttogettheirvisionintowordshavebeenaroundforages,computersandmobilephoneshave____thatlifestyletoothers.
A.ledto导致
B.openedup打开
C.paidoff付清;
D.drawnon硬背装订;
9.Theheatradiatingoff（辐射状，辐射）roadwayshaslongbeenafactorinexplainingwhycitytemperaturesareoften____warmerthannearbysuburbanorruralareas.
A.adequately足够地; 适当的;
B.immediately
C.accurately正确无误地，准确地; 精确地;
D.considerably相当，非常，颇;
10.Usingwindenergywherethewindblowsstrongestmakesperfect____aslongastheenergycanbereadilytransportedtowhereitisneeded.
A.sense有意义;
B.reason
C.judgment作出判断
D.conclusion作出结论
11.AteamofscientistsfromtheUniversityofSheffieldhavedevelopedaninnovativedevice（创新设备）whichwillmaketheproductionofalternativebio-fuelsmoreenergy____.
A.diverse不同的，多种多样的; 变化多的;
B.effective
C.delicate精致的
D.efficient高效节能
12.AmajorityofAmericancitizensarenowbecoming____oftheclaimthatourcarbonfootprints,resultingfromouruseoffossilfuels,aregoingtoleadtoclimaticcalamities.
A.skeptical怀疑性的，好怀疑的
B.doubtful难以预测的;怀疑的，拿不准的;
C.indifferent漠不关心的; 无关紧要的; 中立的;
D.innocent无辜的，无罪的; 清白的
13.Robotsaremanmademachinesintendedto____humanandanimalbehavior.
A.replicate复制，复写; 重复，反复;vt
B.duplicate复制的，副本的; 成对的adj
C.confirm确认，批准; 证实;vt
D.identify识别，认出; 确定; 使参与;
14.Today,peoplearedrawingsomuchwaterfrombelowthattheyareaddingenoughofittotheoceans（mainlybyevaporation（蒸发，发散;）,thenprecipitation（（雨等）降落; ））to____about25percentoftheannual（每年的;一年的）sealevelriseacrosstheplanet,theresearchersfind.
A.sumup合计; 总结，概括;
B.attributeto把某事归因于某人[某事];
C.bringabout造成，引起[导致];创造;实现;
D.accountfor导致，引起;
15.Newinventions,ifhandyandinexpensive,will____beacceptedbysociety.
A.accidentally偶然地，意外地，非故意地;
B.eventually终于，最后;
C.incidentally顺便; 偶然地，不经意地;
D.evidently明显地，显而易见;
16.Asprimarycaregivers,parentsareoftenbelievedtohaveastronginfluenceonchildren'seatingbehaviors.However,previousfindingsonparent-child____indietaryintakes（膳食摄入量）aremixed.
A.identity身份; [逻]同一性; 个性;
B.resemblance相似，形似;外观;相似物
C.deviation背离，偏离; 离经叛道的行为
D.alternation交替，轮流，间隔;交替工作;
17.Employeeswhotelecommute（远程办公）themajorityoftheworkweekaremoresatisfiedwiththeirjobscomparedtothoseworkingmostlyintheofficebecauseworkingremotely（遥远地;偏僻地）____morestressthanitcreates.
A.alleviates减轻，缓解，缓和
B.restrains抑制;控制
C.incurs遭受，招致，引起
D.involves表明;使参与;牵涉
18.Whiletheactofselectinganeverydaywritingutensil（器具，用具; 器皿）seemstobeasimpleenoughtask,scientistshavefoundthatitactuallycouldshed____oncomplex（复杂的;合成的）culturaldifferences.
A.shine
B.picture
C.light
D.profile侧面，半面; 外形，轮廓
19.Designersofrobotpetsarefightinganever-endingbattlewithconsumerstoprovideentertainingandrealisticgadgets（现实的小工具）that____humaninteraction（一起活动; 合作;）inevermorenuanced（有细微差别的）ways,mimicking（模仿;酷似;）thebehaviorofrealpetanimalsorevenpeople.
A.respondto对…作出反应[回答];服从;响应
B.interferewith干预;阻挠;擅自使用;摆弄
C.wardoff避开，挡住;架;抵挡
D.giveup
20.Thedisposal（处置;清理;排列）ofnuclear____hasalwaysbeenaconcern（关心;顾虑）ofhealth-sensitivepeople.
A.rubbish垃圾;无意义的东西;废话
B.waste废料，废品，废物
C.trash垃圾，废物;断枝，碎块;废话
D.litter杂物,垃圾;（一窝）幼崽;褥草
PART2:
Cloze（15%）
Directions:
Inthispartofthetest,you’llreadanincompletepassagewith15blanks.Readthepassagecarefully,andchoosethebestanswerfromchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ThenonyourANSWERSHEET,findthenumberofthequestionandmarkyouranswerwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
Therearemanyindividualswhowouldfeelthattheyhaveareasonableexpectationofprivacyintheirdailylife.Everyonehastherighttorespectforhisorherprivatelife,propertyandcorrespondence.Anemployeeisalso__21__thecomfortandordinaryenjoymentofhisorherprivatelifewithoutunreasonable__22__byhisorheremployer.
Thenotionofprivacyderivesfromtheassumption__23__allinformationaboutapersonistheirown,forthatpersontocommunicateorretainasheorsheseesfit.Inthecomputerizedworkplace,__24__thatthemostpopularuseoftheinternetissendingandreceivingemails,manyemployees__25__viewuseoftheiremployer’semailsystemasakintomakingatelephonecall,andthusfeeltheemailmessagestheysendontheircompany’sinternalsystemshouldbe__26__intrusion.
Oftenemployerswillstresstotheiremployeesthat__27__leavingtheirdesks,theyshouldnotleavetheircomputersturnedonasthatmayallowothersto__28__theirfilesoremails.Suchacommentmaygivethemawrongimpressionofsomeprivacyorsecurityovertheiremailasthereis__29__theirlockersanddeskdrawers.Theywouldfeeltheyhavealegitimateexpectationofprivacyinrelationtotheircommunications.
Evenhavingpasswordscangiveemployeesafalse__30__ofsomeprivacyovertheiremail,becausemanytimesthey__31__tosafeguardtheirpasswordsandnotgivethemtoanyone.Manyemployeeswouldnaively__32__thatbyusingtheirpassword,theywouldhavecontrolandtheycouldpreventany__33__accesstotheironlinecommunications.
Permanencyofemailisanotherconcern.Mostemployeeswronglythinkthat__34__theydeletetheiremailitisgoneforever.Thefactisthatemailsarehardtodestroyasmostelectronicdocumentsarebackedupand__35__.Thedeletecommanddoesnotmakeamessagedisappear;itcanstillberetrievedfromback-upsystems.Emailmessagescaneasilybeinterceptedandreadbysystemmanagers,operatorsandemployers.
21.
A.entitledto享有; [法]有权要求;
B.titledto标题为
C.entitledwith
D.titledwith
22
A.disturbance打扰; 骚乱，变乱
B.interruption中断; 打断; 障碍物
C.interference干涉，干扰，冲突;
D.disruption分裂，瓦解; 破裂
23.
A.whose
B.that
C.ofwhich
D.which
24.
A.toconsider
B.consider
25.
C.havingconsidered
A.greatly
C.partly
D.considering
B.wrongly
D.rightly
26.
A.freefrom
B.similarto
C.awayfrom
D.closeto
27.
A.as
B.when
28.
C.upon
A.accessible易接近的; 可理解的; 易相处的
C.accessibleto
D.once
B.access入口，出口
D.accessto
29.
A.for
B.from
C.with
D.in
30.
A.assurance保证，担保
B.insurance保险，保险业
C.obscurity朦胧; 晦涩; 不分明
D.security安全; 保证，担保
31.
A.havetold
B.havebeentold
C.weretold
D.told
32.
A.assume取得（权力）;承担，担任
B.maintain保持，维持; 保养，维护
C.undertake承担，从事; 保证
D.sustain维持; 支撑，支持
33
A.unauthorizedXX的，越权的; 未经许可的
B.authorized权威认可的adj授权，批准v
C.pirated盗版
D.forbidden
34.
A.as
B.because
C.if
D.evenif
35.
A.recovered恢复
C.recalled使想起;使想到
B.recoverable可重获的
D.recalling想起;使想到;勾起
Part3:
ReadingComprehension（40%）
Directions:
Inthispartofthetest,thereare4passages.Aftereachpassagethereare5questionsorunfinishedstatementsfollowedby4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatcanbestanswerthequestionorcompletethestatement,andthenonyourANSWERSHEET,findthenumberofthequestionandmarkyouranswerwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.
Passage1
Wedon'tneedtotellyouhowcompetitivetoday'sjobmarketis.Youknowthatcompaniesaroundtheworldarecompetingagainstoneanothertoofferqualityproductsandservicesatthelowestpossiblecosts.Companiesaresendingjobsoverseasiftheycancutcostsbydoingso. Alternatively,theyaresimplysheddingjobsbythethousandsinordertostayprofitable.
Inmanyplaces,therearefarfewerlocallybasedbusinessesthatarethrivingorevensurviving.Manyhaveeitherbeenacquiredbyout-of-townownersorhavebe
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