商务英语名词解释.docx

商务英语名词解释.docx

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商务英语名词解释

2. Return —回报thegainfromaninvestment,eitherasincomeoryieldorasprofitonthesaleoftheinvestment.

3. Portfolio —证券投资组合theentirecollectionofinvestmentsintheformofstocks,bonds,orcertificateofdepositsforpurposesotherthancontrolling

4. Royalty —专利税moneypaidtotheownerofacopyrightforpermissiontopublishcopyrightmaterialandtotheownerofapatentforpermissiontouseapatenteddesign,usu.atagreedpercentageofthesellingpriceoftheproduct.

5. Patent —专利权aspecialrighttoaninventortobetheonlypersontomakeandsell,ortoauthorizeotherstomakeandsellanewly-inventedmachineorprocess.

6. Non-tariffbarrier —非贸易壁垒allformsofman-madeobstructionstointernationaltradeotherthantariffs,includingprohibitionsandquotas,etc.

7. Franchise —经销权anarrangementbywhichamonopolyproducerorownergivesanotherpermissionfortheexclusiverighttomanufactureorselltheproductsinacertainarea.

power —购买力ofpersons,thepublic,havingthemoneytobuygoodsandservices.

9. PPP —购买力平价purchasingpowerparity

10. tariff —关税taxleviedbythecustoms

totrade —贸易壁垒anyactionbyagovernmenttolimitorpreventthefreeflowofgoodsinandoutofitscountry.

commodities —初级产品thosecommoditiesnotprocessed,oronlyslightlyprocessed,usuallyfarmproduceorrawmaterials

 —退税dutiespaidonimportedgoodsthatarerefundedwhenre-exported

duties —从量税dutiesleviedonthebasisofquantity,weight,sizeetc.ofthegoods

valoremduties —从价税dutiesleviedonthebasisofthepriceofthegoods

 —运费thepriceorcostoftransportation

offer —主动发盘anoffermadeontheinitiativeoftheofferer

parties —缔约方signatoriesofanagreement

majeure —[不可抗力]socialornaturalcalamitiesthattakeplacebeyondthecontrolofacontractingparty

offer —持盘anofferwhosetermsandconditionsarebindingontheoffer

 —受要约人thepartytowhomanofferismade

 —极度通货膨胀soaringofpricesbeyondcontrol

 —通货膨胀riseinpricesbroughtaboutbytheexcessdemand,expansionofmoneysupply,creditetc.

 —贸易保护主义thetheoryofthesystemofdevelopinghomecountriesthroughdutiesandothermeansimposedoncompetitiveimports

 —双边的oftwosides

 —捆绑式销售theexchangeofgoodsorservicesaretiedtogether

 —债权人apersontowhomoneownsmoney

 —债务人apersonwhoowesmoney

 —违约failtocarryoutanobligation

 —汇票anunconditionalordertosomeonetopayasumofmoney

 —汇款thesendingofmoneyorthemoneysent

 —出票人thepersonwhoissuesadraft,usuallytheexporter

 —受票人thepersontowhomadraftisdrawn

 —资信beingbelievedoracceptedbyothersasreliableinmakingpayment

ofanL/C —出口信用证theimporterthatgoestoabankfortheestablishmentofanL/C

 —受益人thecompanythatcanmakeuseofanL/Ctogetpaidforitsexport

bank —保兑行thebankthataddsitsowncommitmenttoanL/C

 —退款paybacktosomebodyfortheexpenseshehasspent

credit —光票信用证acreditthatdoesnotrequireshippingdocumentsforpayment

credit —即期信用证acreditbywhichpaymentcanbemadeuponpresentationofthedraft

 —中间商traderthroughwhomgoodspassbetweentheproducerandtheconsumer

 —收货人thepartyinthebillofladingtowhomthegoodsareshipped

marks —唛头whatisprintedontheouterpackingofgoodsassymbolforidentificationinthecourseoftransportation

policy —保险单adocumentusedforcoveringpossiblerisks

 —抬头righttothepossessionofapositionorproperty

 —被保险人apersoncoveredbyaninsurancepolicy

 —保险费theamountpaidbyaninsuredforcoverageunderthecontract

loss —潜在损失losswhichispossibletoincur

 —索赔apaymentdemandedinaccordancewithaninsurancepolicy

 —利润amountabovewhatisestimatedasnecessary

 —保险公司apersonwhocarriesoninsuranceasabusiness

 —发票adocumentforthegeneraldescriptionofthegoodsandtheprice

 —赔偿金somethinggivenorreceivedasanequivalentforloss

 —联营acombinationoffundsformedforcommonadvantage

transportation —多式联运transportthatcombinesroad,rail,seaandair

 —兑换torepayorpayoff,esp.loanstock,debenturesandpreferencesharesorstock

 —结算theactofpayingabill,debt,charge,etc

rate —汇率thepriceatwhichonecurrencycanbeexchangedforanothercurrency

circulation —货币流通moneyinthehandsofthepublicandbeingusedtopayforgoodsandservices

 —货币贬值theactofagovernmentinreducingbylawtheexchangevalueofitscurrencyinunitsofgoldorascomparedwithothercurrencies

 —储备金moneyheldasidetomeetfuturedemand

 —投资theactofputtingmoneytouseinsomethingofferingprofitablereturns

 —配额alimitplacedbyagovernmentontheamountofimportsorcommodity

 —自动出口限制anagreementbyacountry’sexportersorgovernmenttolimittheirexportsorgovernmenttolimittheirexportstoanothercountry

property —知识产权certainnon-tangibleassetsheld,principallycoveringtheareasofpatentprotection,registeredtrademarksanddesigns,andcopy-right

holiday —免税期aperiodoftimeduringwhichtaxisnotlevied

venture —合资企业abusinesswheretheprovisionofriskcapitalissharedbetweentwoormorefirms

 —金边债券stocksissuedbygovernment

 —成本效益好producingoptimumresultsfortheexpenditure

 —反倾销oneformofactionwhichmaybetakenbyagovernmenttoprotectindustriesfromunfaircompetitionbywhichgoodsaresoldatapricelowerthaninthecountrywheretheyaremanufactured

 —授权authoritygiventoperformaduty

party —缔约国acountryorfirmthatsignsalegalagreement

trade有形贸易 :

Theformofcommoditytrade,.exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.（includingcashtransaction-bymeansofmoneyandmarket,andcountertrade）

trade无形贸易 :

Theformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,informationetc.iscalledinvisibletradeorserviceindustries.

（foreigndirectinvestments） ismadeofreturnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedinahostcountry.

investment证券投资 :

Purchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling.

债券:

Thepapersissuedbyagovernmentorafirmwithpromisetopaybackthemoneylentorinvestedtogetherwithinterest.

许可经营 :

Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry.Theychooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstostatbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.

特许经营 :

afirmcalledthefranchisee,isallowedtooperateinthenameofanother,calledthefranchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames,logos,andoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.

特许方 :

Afirmwhoprovidesthefranchiseewithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.

被特许方 :

Afirmisallowedtooperateinthenameofanother.

国民生产总值 :

GrossnationalProduct.Themarketvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedbythepropertyandlaborownedbytheresidentsofaneconomy.

国内生产总值 :

GrossDomesticProduct.Themarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithinthegeographicareaofaneconomy.

capitaGDP人均国内生产总值 :

ItiscalculatedbydividingitstotalGDPbyitspopulation,whichrevealstheaverageincomelevelofconsumers.

distribution收入分布 :

Theproportionsofitsrich,middleincomeandpoorpeople.

tradearea自由贸易区 :

Themembersremovebarrierstotradeamongthemselveswhilestilladoptseachownexternalpolicy

union关税同盟 :

Themembersremovebarrierstotradeamongthemselvesandadoptthesameexternalpolicy

market共同市场 :

Themembersremovebarriersnotonlytotradebutalsotofactorsofproductionandadoptthesameexternalpolicy.

Union（EU）经济同盟 :

Themembersremovebarriersnotonlytotradebutalsotofactorsofproduction,adoptthesameexternalpolicyandharmonizetheirtaxation,governmentexpenditure,industrypoliciesandusethesamecurrency.

MNCheadquarter跨国公司母公司，总部 istheoriginalinvestingmultinationalcorporation.ItisalsotheinternationalheadquartersoftheMNE.

county母国 :

Thecountrywheretheheadquarteroftheinvestorislocated.

country东道国 :

Thehostcountryisaforeigncountrywheretheinvestoroperates.

advantage绝对利益 :

Itholdsthatacommoditywillbeproducedinthecountrywhereitcostsleastintermsofresources（capital,landandlabor）

advantage比较利益 :

Evenifacountryislessefficientthananotherintheproductionofbothcommodities,thereisstillabasisformutuallybeneficialtrade.

1..Internationaltrade国际贸易 :

Theexchangeofgoodsandservicesproducedinonecountrywiththoseproducedinanothersufficient.

duties进口关税 :

Tariffsleviedongoodsenteringanarea

duties出口关税 :

Taxesleviedongoodsleavinganarea

（MFN）treatment最惠国待遇 :

Atarifftreatmentunderwhichacountryisrequiredtoextendtoallsignatoriesanytariffconcessionsgrantedtoanyparticipatingcountry

/enquiry询盘、询价 :

Itismadebythebuyerstogetinformationaboutthegoodstobeorderedsuchasquantity,specifications,prices,timeofshipmentandotherterms.

报盘 :

Estimateofhowmuchsomethingwillcost

offer还盘:

 Newoffermadebytheoriginaloffereetotheoriginalofferer

:

 Riseinpricesbroughtaboutbytheexcessdemand,expansionofmoneysupply,creditetc

易货贸易:

 Thedirectexchangeofgoodsandservices,whichiscompletedinashortperiodoftime.

purchase反向购买、互购贸易:

 Theassumptionbyanexporterofatransferableobligationthroughseparatebutlinkedcontracttoacceptasfullorpartialpaymentgoodsandservicesfromtheimporterorimportingcountry.

回购贸易:

 Anagreementbyanexporterofplantandequipmenttotakebackinthefuturepartoftheoutputproducedbythesegoodsasfullorpartialpayment.

汇付:

 Thismethodisalwaysemployedbythepartieswhoarefamiliarwithandtrusteachother

draft跟单汇票:

 Thedraftisaccompaniedbyther