职称英语卫生类概括大意练习.docx

职称英语卫生类概括大意练习.docx

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职称英语卫生类概括大意练习

2009年职称英语卫生类概括大意练习

SuccessfulLanguageLearners

　　Somepeopleseemtohaveaknackforlearninglanguages.Theycanpickupnewvocabulary,masterrulesorgrammar,andlearntowriteinthenewlanguagemorequicklythanothers.Theydonotseemtobeanymoreintelligentthanothers,sowhatmakeslanguagelearningsomucheasierforthem?

Perhapsifwetakeacloselookatthesesuccessfullanguagelearners,wemaydiscoverafewofthetechniqueswhichmakelanguagelearningeasierforthem.

　　Firstofall,successfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.Theydonotdependonthebookortheteacher;theydiscovertheirownwaytolearnthelanguage.Insteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplain,theytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.Theyaregoodguesserswholookforcluesandformtheirownconclusions.Whentheyguesswrong,theyguessagain.Theytrytolearnfrommistakes.

　　Successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning.Therefore,successfullearnersdonotwaitforachancetousethelanguage;theylookforsuchachance.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.Theywilltryanythingtocommunicate.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings;theyarewillingtomakemistakesandtryagain.Whencommunicationisdifficult,theycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.Itismoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.

　　Finally,successfullanguagelearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.Theywanttolearnthelanguagebecausetheyareinterestedinthelanguageandthepeoplewhospeakit.Itisnecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywanttolearnwithit.

　　Whatkindoflanguagelearnerareyou?

Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearner,youhaveprobablybeenlearningindependently,actively,andpurposefully.Ontheotherhand,ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful,youmightaswelltrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.

　　1.Paragraph1__________

　　2.Paragraph2__________

　　3.Paragraph3__________

　　4.Paragraph4__________

　　A.WaystoLearnaLanguageSuccessfully

　　B.LearningalanguagePurposefully

　　C.LearningaLanguageActively

　　D.LearningaLanguageIndependently

　　E.LearningfromMistakes

　　F.LearningtoThinkintheTargetLanguage

　　5.Successfullanguagelearnersderiveconclusions___________

　　6.IndependentLanguagelearnersrelyonthemselves___________

　　7.Activelanguagelearnersseizeeveryopportunity______________

　　8.Theauthorwrotethistext_________________

　　A.todiscoversentencepatternsandgrammaticalrules

　　B.toexpandvocabulary

　　C.tousethetargetlanguage

　　D.toencourageunsuccessfullanguagelearnerstolearnindependently,activelyandpurposefully

　　E.fromclues

　　F.tosaystrangethings

　　KEY:

ADCBEACD

CarCrime

　　Amillionmotoristsleavetheircarsfilledupwithpetrolandwiththekeysintheignitioneveryday.Thecarsaresittinginpetrolstationswhiledriverspayfortheirfuel.TheAutomobileAssociation（A.A）hasdiscoveredthatcarsareleftunattendedforanaveragethreeminutesandsometimeslongerasdriversbuydrinks,sweets,cigarettesandotherconsumeritems.Withpaymentofcreditcardsbecomingmoreandmorecommon,itisnotunusualforadrivertobeoutofhiscarforaslongassixminutes,providingthecartheftwithagoldenopportunity.

　　Formorethantenyearstherehasbeenabigriseincarcrimethaninmostothertypesofcrime.AnaverageofmorethantwocarsaminutearebrokenintoorstolenintheUK.Carcrimeaccountsforalmostathirdofallreportedoffenseswithnosignsthatthetrendisslowingdown.

　　Althoughtherearehighlyprofessionalcriminalinvolvedincartheft,almost90percentofcartheftiscommittedbytheopportunists.Amateurthievesareaidedbyourowncarelessness.TheA.A.recommendslockingupwheneveryouleavethecarandforhowevershortaperiod.Apartiallyopensunrooforwindowisafurthercome-ontothieves.

　　Therearemanyothertrapstoavoid.TheA.A.hasfondlittleawarenessamongdriversaboutsafeparking.Mostmotoristsquestionedmadenoeffortstoavoidparkinginquietspots-justtheplacesthieveslove.TheA.A.advisesdrivestoparkinplaceswithpeoplearound-thievesdon'tlikeaudiences.

　　练习

　　1.Paragraph2_________________.

　　2.Paragraph3_________________.

　　3.Paragraph4_________________.

　　A）Safeparking

　　B）Increaseincartheft

　　C）Opportunitiesfornon-professionals

　　D）Anti-theftorganizations

　　4.Mostcartheftsshouldbeblamedon_______________.

　　5.Inthepastdecadetherehasbeenabig_____________.

　　6.Mostofthecartheftsarefoundtobecommittedby_______________.

　　7.Apieceofadvicefordriversisthattheyshould_______________.

　　A）thecarelessnessofthedrivers

　　B）increaseinthenumberofcarsstolen

　　C）non-professionalthieves

　　D）lackofparkingspace

　　E）larktheircarsinsafeplace

　　Keys:

BCAABCE

ScienceFiction

　　Amongstthemostpopularbooksbeingwrittentodayarethosewhichareusuallyclassifiedassciencefiction.Hundredsoftitlesarepublishedeveryyearandarereadbyallkindsofpeople.Furthermore,someofthemostsuccessfulfilmsofrecentyearshavebeenbasedonsciencefictionstories.

　　Itisoftenthoughtthatsciencefictionisafairlynewdevelopmentinliterature,butitsancestorscanbefoundinbookswrittenhundredsofyearsago.Thesebookswereoftenconcernedwiththepresentationofsomeformofidealsociety,athemewhichisstilloftenfoundinmodernstories.

　　Mostoftheclassicsofsciencefiction,however,havebeenwrittenwithinthelasthundredyears.BooksbywriterssuchasJulesVerneandH.G.Wells,tomentionjusttwowell-knownauthors,havebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.

　　Modernsciencefictionwritersdon’twriteaboutmenfromMarsorspaceadventurestories.Theyaremoreinterestedinpredictingtheresultsoftechnicaldevelopmentsonsocietyandthehumanmind;orinimaginingfutureworldswhichareareflectionoftheworldwhichweliveinnow.Becauseofthistheirwritinghasobviouspoliticalundertones.

　　Inanagewheresciencefactfrequentlyovertakessciencefiction,thewritersmayfinditdifficulttokeepaheadofscientificadvances.Thosewhoaresufficientlyclear-sightedtoseethewaywearegoing,however,mayprovideavaluablelessononhowtodealwiththeproblemswhichsocietywillinevitablyfaceasittriestomasteritsnewtechnology.

　　1.Paragraph1____________

　　2.Paragraph2____________

　　3.Paragraph3____________

　　4.Paragraph4____________

　　A.PopularityofScienceFiction

　　B.AFairlyNewDevelopment

　　C.ClassicsofScienceFiction

　　D.DifficultyinKeepingaheadofScientificAdventure

　　E.ItsOrigin

　　F.ThemesofModernScienceFiction

　　5.Someformofidealsocietyis__________

　　6.BookswrittenbyJ.Verneare___________

　　7.Peopleenjoy________________________

　　8.Worksofmodernsciencefictionhave___________

　　A）arecurrenttheme

　　B）concernedwiththeproblemsthatwehavetosolveinthefuture

　　C）readingbooksofsciencefiction

　　D）politicalimplications

　　E）acurrenttheme

　　F）readworldwide

　　KEY:

AECFAFCD

Alaska

　　In1858AmericanswelcomedAlaskaintotheUnionasthe49thstate,symbolizingachangeofattitudethatholdin1867,whenthepeninsulawaspurchasedfromRussia.Then,mostAmericanshadlittleinterestin1,500,000squarekilometers"oficebergsandpolarbear"-beyondCanada'swesternborders,farfromthesettledareasoftheUnitedStates.

　　InthosesectionsofthestatewhichlieabovetheArcticCircle,Alaskastillisalandoficebergsandpolarbear.Iceburiedintheearth,whichispermanentlyfrozentoadepthof90ormoremeters,FromearlyMayuntilearlyAugust,themidnightsunneversetsonthisflat,treelessregion,butthesuncannotmelttheicysoilmorethantwo-thirdsofameterdown.

　　AlaskaisAmerica'slargeststate,butonlyabout325,000peoplelivethere.Accordingtoestimates,800,000hectaresofitslandareaarefitforplowingbutonlyabout640,000hectaresarebeingcultivated.

　　ArcticAlaskahasbeenthehomeofEskimosforcountlesscenturies.ItisbelievedthattheEskimosmovedtherefromMongoliaorSiberia,probablycrossingBeringStrait,namedforVitusBering,theDanishseacaptainwhodiscoveredAlaskaonhisvoyageforRussiain1741.TheEskimosarethestate'searliestknowninhabitants.Russianfurtradersestablishedsettlementsbut,bythetimeAlaskawassoldtotheUnitedStates,mostofthetradershaddeparted.

　　In1896goldwasdiscoveredneartheKlondikeRiverinCanadajustacrosstheAlaskanborder.ThousandofAmericansrushedtotheregionontheirwaytoKlondike;someneverreturned.Alaskawasnevercompletelycutoffagain,althougheventodaytransportationisamajorproblem.ThereareonlytwomotorroutesfromtheU.Smainland,andwithinthestate,everytownhasitsownairfield.Planesflypassengers,mailandfreighttothemostdistantvillages.

　　ThegoldthatchangedlifesosuddenlyforAlaskawassoonended,andalthoughmanystoriesaboutminingcampshavebecomepartofAmericanliterature,thegoldfromAlaskanearthcontributedlesstoeconomicprogressthanthefishfromAlaskawaters.Thefishcaughtinasingleyearrangeinvaluefrom$80millionto$90million.Fur-bearinganimalsareplentifulintheforestsandstreams,andvaluablefursealsinhabitthewaters.Afterfishing,thesta