职称英语卫生类概括大意练习.docx
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职称英语卫生类概括大意练习
2009年职称英语卫生类概括大意练习
SuccessfulLanguageLearners
Somepeopleseemtohaveaknackforlearninglanguages.Theycanpickupnewvocabulary,masterrulesorgrammar,andlearntowriteinthenewlanguagemorequicklythanothers.Theydonotseemtobeanymoreintelligentthanothers,sowhatmakeslanguagelearningsomucheasierforthem?
Perhapsifwetakeacloselookatthesesuccessfullanguagelearners,wemaydiscoverafewofthetechniqueswhichmakelanguagelearningeasierforthem.
Firstofall,successfullanguagelearnersareindependentlearners.Theydonotdependonthebookortheteacher;theydiscovertheirownwaytolearnthelanguage.Insteadofwaitingfortheteachertoexplain,theytrytofindthepatternsandtherulesforthemselves.Theyaregoodguesserswholookforcluesandformtheirownconclusions.Whentheyguesswrong,theyguessagain.Theytrytolearnfrommistakes.
Successfullanguagelearningisactivelearning.Therefore,successfullearnersdonotwaitforachancetousethelanguage;theylookforsuchachance.Theyfindpeoplewhospeakthelanguageandtheyaskthesepeopletocorrectthemwhentheymakeamistake.Theywilltryanythingtocommunicate.Theyarenotafraidtorepeatwhattheyhearortosaystrangethings;theyarewillingtomakemistakesandtryagain.Whencommunicationisdifficult,theycanacceptinformationthatisinexactorincomplete.Itismoreimportantforthemtolearntothinkinthelanguagethantoknowthemeaningofeveryword.
Finally,successfullanguagelearnersarelearnerswithapurpose.Theywanttolearnthelanguagebecausetheyareinterestedinthelanguageandthepeoplewhospeakit.Itisnecessaryforthemtolearnthelanguageinordertocommunicatewiththesepeopleandtolearnfromthem.Theyfinditeasytopracticeusingthelanguageregularlybecausetheywanttolearnwithit.
Whatkindoflanguagelearnerareyou?
Ifyouareasuccessfullanguagelearner,youhaveprobablybeenlearningindependently,actively,andpurposefully.Ontheotherhand,ifyourlanguagelearninghasbeenlessthansuccessful,youmightaswelltrysomeofthetechniquesoutlinedabove.
1.Paragraph1__________
2.Paragraph2__________
3.Paragraph3__________
4.Paragraph4__________
A.WaystoLearnaLanguageSuccessfully
B.LearningalanguagePurposefully
C.LearningaLanguageActively
D.LearningaLanguageIndependently
E.LearningfromMistakes
F.LearningtoThinkintheTargetLanguage
5.Successfullanguagelearnersderiveconclusions___________
6.IndependentLanguagelearnersrelyonthemselves___________
7.Activelanguagelearnersseizeeveryopportunity______________
8.Theauthorwrotethistext_________________
A.todiscoversentencepatternsandgrammaticalrules
B.toexpandvocabulary
C.tousethetargetlanguage
D.toencourageunsuccessfullanguagelearnerstolearnindependently,activelyandpurposefully
E.fromclues
F.tosaystrangethings
KEY:
ADCBEACD
CarCrime
Amillionmotoristsleavetheircarsfilledupwithpetrolandwiththekeysintheignitioneveryday.Thecarsaresittinginpetrolstationswhiledriverspayfortheirfuel.TheAutomobileAssociation(A.A)hasdiscoveredthatcarsareleftunattendedforanaveragethreeminutesandsometimeslongerasdriversbuydrinks,sweets,cigarettesandotherconsumeritems.Withpaymentofcreditcardsbecomingmoreandmorecommon,itisnotunusualforadrivertobeoutofhiscarforaslongassixminutes,providingthecartheftwithagoldenopportunity.
Formorethantenyearstherehasbeenabigriseincarcrimethaninmostothertypesofcrime.AnaverageofmorethantwocarsaminutearebrokenintoorstolenintheUK.Carcrimeaccountsforalmostathirdofallreportedoffenseswithnosignsthatthetrendisslowingdown.
Althoughtherearehighlyprofessionalcriminalinvolvedincartheft,almost90percentofcartheftiscommittedbytheopportunists.Amateurthievesareaidedbyourowncarelessness.TheA.A.recommendslockingupwheneveryouleavethecarandforhowevershortaperiod.Apartiallyopensunrooforwindowisafurthercome-ontothieves.
Therearemanyothertrapstoavoid.TheA.A.hasfondlittleawarenessamongdriversaboutsafeparking.Mostmotoristsquestionedmadenoeffortstoavoidparkinginquietspots-justtheplacesthieveslove.TheA.A.advisesdrivestoparkinplaceswithpeoplearound-thievesdon'tlikeaudiences.
练习
1.Paragraph2_________________.
2.Paragraph3_________________.
3.Paragraph4_________________.
A)Safeparking
B)Increaseincartheft
C)Opportunitiesfornon-professionals
D)Anti-theftorganizations
4.Mostcartheftsshouldbeblamedon_______________.
5.Inthepastdecadetherehasbeenabig_____________.
6.Mostofthecartheftsarefoundtobecommittedby_______________.
7.Apieceofadvicefordriversisthattheyshould_______________.
A)thecarelessnessofthedrivers
B)increaseinthenumberofcarsstolen
C)non-professionalthieves
D)lackofparkingspace
E)larktheircarsinsafeplace
Keys:
BCAABCE
ScienceFiction
Amongstthemostpopularbooksbeingwrittentodayarethosewhichareusuallyclassifiedassciencefiction.Hundredsoftitlesarepublishedeveryyearandarereadbyallkindsofpeople.Furthermore,someofthemostsuccessfulfilmsofrecentyearshavebeenbasedonsciencefictionstories.
Itisoftenthoughtthatsciencefictionisafairlynewdevelopmentinliterature,butitsancestorscanbefoundinbookswrittenhundredsofyearsago.Thesebookswereoftenconcernedwiththepresentationofsomeformofidealsociety,athemewhichisstilloftenfoundinmodernstories.
Mostoftheclassicsofsciencefiction,however,havebeenwrittenwithinthelasthundredyears.BooksbywriterssuchasJulesVerneandH.G.Wells,tomentionjusttwowell-knownauthors,havebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.
Modernsciencefictionwritersdon’twriteaboutmenfromMarsorspaceadventurestories.Theyaremoreinterestedinpredictingtheresultsoftechnicaldevelopmentsonsocietyandthehumanmind;orinimaginingfutureworldswhichareareflectionoftheworldwhichweliveinnow.Becauseofthistheirwritinghasobviouspoliticalundertones.
Inanagewheresciencefactfrequentlyovertakessciencefiction,thewritersmayfinditdifficulttokeepaheadofscientificadvances.Thosewhoaresufficientlyclear-sightedtoseethewaywearegoing,however,mayprovideavaluablelessononhowtodealwiththeproblemswhichsocietywillinevitablyfaceasittriestomasteritsnewtechnology.
1.Paragraph1____________
2.Paragraph2____________
3.Paragraph3____________
4.Paragraph4____________
A.PopularityofScienceFiction
B.AFairlyNewDevelopment
C.ClassicsofScienceFiction
D.DifficultyinKeepingaheadofScientificAdventure
E.ItsOrigin
F.ThemesofModernScienceFiction
5.Someformofidealsocietyis__________
6.BookswrittenbyJ.Verneare___________
7.Peopleenjoy________________________
8.Worksofmodernsciencefictionhave___________
A)arecurrenttheme
B)concernedwiththeproblemsthatwehavetosolveinthefuture
C)readingbooksofsciencefiction
D)politicalimplications
E)acurrenttheme
F)readworldwide
KEY:
AECFAFCD
Alaska
In1858AmericanswelcomedAlaskaintotheUnionasthe49thstate,symbolizingachangeofattitudethatholdin1867,whenthepeninsulawaspurchasedfromRussia.Then,mostAmericanshadlittleinterestin1,500,000squarekilometers"oficebergsandpolarbear"-beyondCanada'swesternborders,farfromthesettledareasoftheUnitedStates.
InthosesectionsofthestatewhichlieabovetheArcticCircle,Alaskastillisalandoficebergsandpolarbear.Iceburiedintheearth,whichispermanentlyfrozentoadepthof90ormoremeters,FromearlyMayuntilearlyAugust,themidnightsunneversetsonthisflat,treelessregion,butthesuncannotmelttheicysoilmorethantwo-thirdsofameterdown.
AlaskaisAmerica'slargeststate,butonlyabout325,000peoplelivethere.Accordingtoestimates,800,000hectaresofitslandareaarefitforplowingbutonlyabout640,000hectaresarebeingcultivated.
ArcticAlaskahasbeenthehomeofEskimosforcountlesscenturies.ItisbelievedthattheEskimosmovedtherefromMongoliaorSiberia,probablycrossingBeringStrait,namedforVitusBering,theDanishseacaptainwhodiscoveredAlaskaonhisvoyageforRussiain1741.TheEskimosarethestate'searliestknowninhabitants.Russianfurtradersestablishedsettlementsbut,bythetimeAlaskawassoldtotheUnitedStates,mostofthetradershaddeparted.
In1896goldwasdiscoveredneartheKlondikeRiverinCanadajustacrosstheAlaskanborder.ThousandofAmericansrushedtotheregionontheirwaytoKlondike;someneverreturned.Alaskawasnevercompletelycutoffagain,althougheventodaytransportationisamajorproblem.ThereareonlytwomotorroutesfromtheU.Smainland,andwithinthestate,everytownhasitsownairfield.Planesflypassengers,mailandfreighttothemostdistantvillages.
ThegoldthatchangedlifesosuddenlyforAlaskawassoonended,andalthoughmanystoriesaboutminingcampshavebecomepartofAmericanliterature,thegoldfromAlaskanearthcontributedlesstoeconomicprogressthanthefishfromAlaskawaters.Thefishcaughtinasingleyearrangeinvaluefrom$80millionto$90million.Fur-bearinganimalsareplentifulintheforestsandstreams,andvaluablefursealsinhabitthewaters.Afterfishing,thesta