河南省郑州市学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题.docx
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河南省郑州市学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
河南省郑州市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题
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一、阅读选择
It'stimeforfunoutside!
Takeyourbathingsuitandsunscreenandheadtothesesunnyspotsthatofferthebestgetawaysforeveryinterest!
SanJuan,PuertoRico
HeadtothehotcitynightlifeofSanJuan.Topchefs,stylishhotels,bars,clubsandshopsarealljuststepsawayfromthetropicalbeaches.AndsincePuertoRicoisaUnitedStatesCommonwealth,it'soneoftheeasiestislandsintheCaribbeantovisitsinceyouwon'tneedapassport,havetochangemoney,orevenworryaboutyourcellphoneworking.PuertoRicoisalsooneofthebesttropicalvacationsyoucantakewithoutleavingtheUnitedStates.
RivieraMaya,Mexico
What'sbetterthandivingintothesaltysea?
Goingintotheclearandsalt-freewatersofthenaturallyoccurringlimestonecenotes(石灰岩沼穴)oftheRivieraMayaandYucatanPeninsula.Spendasunnydayexploringthesenaturalcavepoolsfilledwithcoolwaterthatspringsfromthegroundbelowandthethickpalmforeststhatsurroundthem.ThenheadbacktotheperfectlylocatedFairmontMayakobaforcomfortableroomsandmodemMexicancuisine.
NewOrleans,Louisiana
NewOrleans'livelynightlifeandlive-musicscenesmake''theBigEasy''agreatgirls'getaway.Andevenifyourcrewisn'tonetoseekouttheboozyBourbonStreetcrawl,there'splentyofamazingfoodintheFrenchQuarter,plentyofshoppingandstrollingintheGardenDistrict.
Clearwater,Florida
Ifyouwanttomeetarealmoviestarwhilealsoenjoyingthesunbath,headtotheGulfshoresofClearwater,Florida.HereyoucanmeetthestarsofDolphinTaleandDolphinTale2,WinterandHope,whoareinresidencefull-timeattheClearwaterMarineAquarium.
1.WhatmakesPuertoRicoaneasytouristspottovisit?
A.ItliesintheCaribbean.B.Nopassportisneeded.
C.It’snearthetropicalbeaches.D.Manytravelservicesareoffered.
2.WhatcanyoudoifyoutraveltoRivieraMaya?
A.Tastevariousfoods.B.Meetsomefamousstars.
C.Diveintothesaltywaters.D.Explorenaturalcavepools.
3.Whichplacewillyouchooseifyouareafilmfan?
A.Clearwater,Florida.B.RivieraMaya,Mexico.
C.SanJuan,PuertoRico.D.NewOrleans,Louisiana.
HarperLeewasanAmericannovelistwidelyknownforToKillaMockingbird,publishedin1960,whichwonthe1961PulitzerPrizeandhasbecomeaclassicofmodernAmericanliterature.The1962filmadaptationstarringGregoryPeckwonthreeAcademyAwards.
Fordecades,thebookwasLee’sonlymajorworkofpublishedfiction,butitwashugelyinfluentialforgenerationsofUSreaders.Ithassoldmorethan10millioncopies,andisoneofthemostwidelytaughtnovelsintheUSschools.In2007shewasawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedomforhercontributionstoliterature.
Leewantedtoliveasimplelifeandwasnevercomfortablewiththeattentionthenovelwonher,andshepracticallydisappearedfrompubliclifeafteritappeared.Theworld,however,continuedwaitingforanewnovelfromher,andonoccasionshesuggestedthatshehadastoryinprogress.
In2015,abookdidcomeout.GoSetaWatchmanwasmoreofafirstdraft,featuringScout,theyounggirlwhowasthemaincharacterofToKillaMockingbird.GoSetaWatchmantellsastoryofScoutasanadult.Accusationsarosethatthe89-year-oldLeewasnotabletoagreetothemanuscript’srelease,andthatvariouspartieshadsignedonherbehalf.
ThoughLeemovedtoNewYorkin1949,shespentmanyyearsguardingherprivacy(隐私)inMonroeville,whichservedastheclearinspirationforthesettinginToKillaMockingbird.
In2007,Leesufferedastroke(中风),butrecoveredandlatersettledinMonroevillepermanentlytocareforhersister,Alice,whodiedin2014.Shewassaidtoeatbreakfasteverymorningatthesamefast-foodspot,andwasfriendlywithherneighbors.ThecountlessAmericansknewheronlythroughherworks,andtheywillundoubtedlymissher.
4.WhatcanbelearnedaboutHarperLeefromthefirsttwoparagraphs?
A.ShewasregardedthegreatestwriterinAmerica.
B.ShemadegreatcontributionstoAmericanliterature.
C.Sheoncestarredinafilmadaptedfromherownnovel.
D.ShegothernovelswellacceptedinmostAmericanschools.
5.WhydidHarperLeedisappearfrompubliclifeafterherfirstnovelcameout?
A.Shetriedtogetoutofaccusations.
B.Shewantedtowriteanothernovel.
C.Sheintendedtoavoidbeingbothered.
D.Shewasn’tcomfortablewithhernovel’sinfluence.
6.WhatcanwelearnaboutHarperLee’sGoSetaWatchman?
A.Ittellsherownlifestory.
B.Itisadaptedintoafamousfilm.
C.Itwonherlotsofhonorsandawards.
D.Itcontinuesthestoryofherearlierone.
7.WhatcanbeinferredaboutHarperLeefromthelastparagraph?
A.Shediedofastrokein2014.
B.Shewillberememberedforever.
C.Shecaredmuchforherneighbors.
D.Sheledalonelylifeinherlaterlife.
Scientistshavecreatedtheworld'sfirstliving,self-healingrobotsusingstemcells(干细胞)fromfrogs.NamedxenobotsaftertheAfricanclawedfrogfromwhichtheytaketheirstemcells,the''machines''arelessthanamillimeterwide—smallenoughtotravelinsidehumanbodies.Theycanwalkandswim,surviveforweekswithoutfood,andworktogetheringroups.''Theseareentirelynewlifeforms,''saidtheUniversityofVermont,whichconductedtheresearchwithTuftsUniversity'sAllenDiscoveryCenter.
Theresearchersremovedlivingstemcellsfromfrogembryos(胚胎),andleftthemtohatch.Then,thecellswerecutandreshapedintospecific''bodyforms''designedbyasupercomputer—forms''neverseeninnature'',accordingtoanewsreleasefromtheUniversityofVermont.
Xenobotsevenhaveregenerativeabilities.Whenthescientistsslicedintoonerobot,ithealedbyitselfandkeptmoving.Theydon’tlookliketraditionalrobots-theyhavenoshinyclothingorroboticarms.Instead,theylookmorelikeatinydropofmovingpinkflesh.Theresearcherssaythisisdeliberate—this''biologicalmachine''canachievethingstypicalrobotsofsteelandplasticcannot.''Traditionalrobotsdegradeovertimeandcanproduceharmfulecologicalandhealthsideeffects,''researcherssaidinthestudy.''Asbiologicalmachines,xenobotsaremoreenvironmentallyfriendlyandsaferforhumanhealth.''
Accordingtotheresearchers,theserobotscouldbeusedtocleanupradioactivewaste,collectmicroplasticsintheoceans,orevencarrymedicineinsidehumanbodies.Asidefromtheseimmediatepracticaltasks,theycouldalsohelpresearcherstolearnmoreaboutcellbiology-openingthedoorstofutureadvancementinhumanhealthandlongevity.Thissoundslikesomethingfromasci-fimovie.Somepeopleevenvoicedtheirconcernthathumansmightbetakencontrolofbythosexenobots.However,theresearchersinthestudysaythereisnoneedforalarm.Theycan'treproduceorevolve(进化).
8.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?
A.Theadvantagesofamedicalrobot.
B.Theapplicationofrobotsinbiology.
C.Thegeneralintroductionofalivingrobot.
D.ThemedicalvalueofAfricanclawedfrogs.
9.Theunderlinedword''regenerative''inParagraph3probablymeans''________''.
A.livinglongerB.growingagain
C.replacingoldcellsD.defendingagainstattacks
10.Whatcanweknowaboutxenobots?
A.Theycandoeverythingthattraditionalrobotscan.
B.Theycanbreakupsteelandplasticwhiledegrading.
C.Theyareabletocurepeopleofallkindsofdiseases.
D.Theyareharmlesstotheenvironmentandhumanhealth.
11.Whatistheresearchers'attitudetothedevelopmentofxenobots?
A.Doubtful.B.Positive.
C.Cautious.D.Casual.
Theremainsofanancientape(猿)foundinBavariasuggestthathumans'ancestorsbeganstandinguprightmillionsofyearsearlierthanpreviouslythought.
Aninternationalteamofresearcherssaidthefossilizedskeleton(化石骨骼)ofamaleapethatlivedinthewarmanddampforestsofwhatisnowsouthernGermanywasquitesimilartomodemhumanbones.InapaperpublishedbythejournalNature,theyconcludedthatthepreviouslyunknownspecies—namedDanuviusguggenmosi—couldwalkontwolegsbutalsoclimblikeanape.
''Thefindingsraisefundamentalquestionsaboutourpreviousunderstandingoftheevolutionofthegreatapesandhumans,''saidMadelaineBoehme,wholedtheresearch.
ThequestionofwhenapescouldwalkontwolegshasfascinatedscientistssinceCharlesDarwinfirstarguedthattheyweretheancestorsofhumans.Previousfossilrecordsofapeswithanuprightmove—foundinCreteandKenya—datedonlyasfarbackas6millionyears.TheseapesarecalledToumai.
Boehme,alongwithresearchersfromBulgaria,CanadaandtheUnitedStates,examinedmorethan15,000bonesrecoveredfromthearchaeologicalremainsfound.Amongtheremainstheywereabletopiecetogetherwereprimate(灵长目动物)fossilsbelongingto4individualsthatlived11.62millionyearsago.Themostcomplete,anadultmale,likelystoodabout1metertall,weighed31kilogramsandlookedsimilartomodern-daybonobos,aspeciesofchimp.
Likehumans,DanuviushadanS-shapedbackbonetoholditsbodyuprightwhilestanding.Unlikehumans,though,ithadapowerfulbigtoethatwouldhaveallowedittograbbrancheswithitsfooteasily.
FredSpoor,abiologistattheNaturalHistoryMuseuminLondon,calledthefossilfinds''fantastic'',butsaidtheywouldlikelybedeniedorsuspectedbyothers,especiallybecausetheycouldchallengemanyexistingideasaboutevolution.
12.Wheredidthescientistsfindthefossilizedapeskeleton?
A.Germany.B.Canada.
C.Bulgaria.D.Kenya.
13.WhatcanweinferaboutDanuviusguggenmosi?
A.Itwasaspeciesofchimp.
B.ItlivedinCreteandKenya.
C.