高考总复习英语题库任务型阅读二.docx

高考总复习英语题库任务型阅读二.docx

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高考总复习英语题库任务型阅读二

2010届高考总复习英语题库——任务型阅读

（二）

8

Withoutmostpeoplerealizingit,therehasbeenarevolutioninofficeworkoverthelasttenyears.Beforethattime,largecomputerswereonlyusedbylarge,richcompaniesthatcouldaffordtheinvestment.Withtheadvancementoftechnology,smallcomputershavecomeontothemarket,whicharecapableofdoingtheworkthatusedtobedonebymuchlargerandexpensivecomputers,sonowmostsmallercompaniescanusethem

Themaindevelopmentinsmallcomputershasbeeninthefieldofwordprocessors（处理器）,orWPSastheyareoftencalled.40%ofBritishofficesarenowestimatedtohaveawordprocessorandthispercentageisgrowingfast.

Therearemanyadvantagesinusingawordprocessorforbothsecretaryandmanager.Thesecretaryisfreedfromalotofdailywork,suchasre-typinglettersandstoringpapers.Heorshecanusethistimetodoothermoreinterestingworkfortheboss.Fromamanager’spointofview,secretarialtimeisbeingmadebetteruseofandmoneycanbesavedbydoingdailyjobsautomaticallyoutsideofficehours.

Butisitallgood?

Ifalotofdailysecretarialworkcanbedoneautomatically,surelythiswillmeanthatfewersecretarieswillbeneeded.Anotherworryistheincreasingmedicalproblemsrelatedtoworkwithvisualdisplayunits（显示器）.Thecaseofaslowlossofsightamongpeopleusingwordprocessorsseemstohaverisengreatly.ItisalsofearedthatifawomanworksataVDUforlonghours,theunbornchildinherbodymightbekilled.SafetyscreenstoputoveraVDUhavebeeninventedbutfewcompaniesinEnglandbothertobuythem.

Whatevertheargumentsforandagainstwordprocessor,theyareakeyfeature（特征）ofthisrevolutioninofficepractice.

smallcomputers:

▲1._______largerandexpensivecomputers

▲2._________canusethem

▲Smallcomputershasbeen3._________inthefieldofwordprocessors,orWPS

advantages

4.________

▲Thesecretary:

●freedfromalotof5._________

●doothermoreinterestingworkfortheboss

▲6.___________

●secretarialtimecanbemadebetteruseof

●7._______canbesavedbydoingdailyjobsautomaticallyoutsideofficehours.

▲8.__________willlosttheirjobs.

▲medicalproblemsrelatedtoworkwithvisualdisplayunits

●Manypeople9_________slowly

●Theunbornchildinitsmother’sbody10.___________

Keys:

1.replace2.mostsmallercompanies3.improved4.disadvantages5.dailywork

6.Theboss/manager7.money8.secretaries9.losesight10.mightbekilled

9

Ifyouandyourfriendswishtoshareasecret,youcanwriteitincode,andnooneelsewillbeabletoreadit.Codesareonewayofwritinginsecrets.Ciphers（暗码）areanother.Inthecodeeachwordiswrittenasasecretcodeorwordnumber.Inaciphereachletterischanged.

Codesandciphershaveplayedanimportantroleinthehistoryoftheword.JuliusCaesar,theRomanrulerwhodefeatedalmostallthecountriesinEuropeabout2000yearsago,usedacipherwhenhesentsecretmessagestohistroops.DuringAmericanRevolution,GeorgeWashington’sspiesusedakindofcodetosendhiminformationabouttheenemybeforehismilitary（军事的）action.InWorldWar2,theAmerican“broke”,orfiguredout,Japan’smostimportantnavycodesandgotenoughinformationtodestroyapowerfulJapanesefleet（舰队）。

Storekeepersusecodestomarktheirgoods.Thecodesshowhowmuchwaspaidforthegoodsorwhentheywereaddedtothestock.Businessmanusecodestohideplansfromtheirbusinessenemies.Sometimespersonallettersordiariesarewrittenincode.Manypeopleenjoyfiguringoutcodesandcipherssimplyasahobby.

Inthe16thcentury,codesandcipherswereverypopularamongscientists.Theywrotemessagestoeachotherincodesothatnooneelsewouldlearntheirsecrets.GeronimoGardano,anItalianastrologer（星相家）,mathematician,anddoctor,inventedthetrellisciphers.Hetooktwosheetsofpaperandcutexactlythesameholesineachone.Thenhesentonesheet,whichhecalledatrellis,toafriendandkepttheotherforhimself.Wheneverhewantedtowriteamessage,heputhistrellis,overthecleansheetofpaperandwrotethesecretmessagethroughtheholes.Thenheremovedthetrellisandfiledtherestofthepaperwithwordsthatwouldmakesense.Whenhisfriendsreceivedit,Heputhistrellisoverthewritingandreadthesecretmessage.

Title71.

Aspects

Inwars

72.

Insciencecircle

Means

Usingcodesandciphers

Usingcodes

Cuttingholesintwoexactpiecesofpaperandwritingthemessage73

Coveringthetrellisoverthewritingreceivedtoget

74.

75.

To76.totroops

Toknowaboutbusinesssituations

To79.

tothemselves

Tomakethemilitaryleaders

77.ofthesituationofthewar

78.

fromopponents

Results

80.enemies

Achievingbusinessgoals

Sharingsecretsmessages

71.Codesandciphers72.Inbusiness（worldorcircle）73.throughtheholes 

74.meaningful（useful）information/messages75.Purposes/Aims

76.sendsecretmessages/information77.informed/know/learn/aware/conscious

78.Tohideplans/information/messages79.keepsecrets80.Defeating

10

AlistenerhaswrittenfromChinaforadviceabouthowtoloseweight.MichaelinShanghaisaysheis26andhasbattledobesityformostofhislife.

Obesity,asevereweightproblem,isacomplexcondition.Adoctormayadvisetakingmedicinealongwithchangingone’sbehaviors.Expertssaythatthemostsuccessfulweight—lossplansincludeawell-balanceddietandexercise.

Peoplewhowanttoavoidweightgainhavetobalancethenumberofcaloriestheyeatwiththenumberofcaloriestheyuse.Toloseweight,youcanreducethenumberofcaloriesyoutakein,increasethenumberyouuse,orboth.

ArecentstudylookedatfourofthemostpopulardietingplansintheUS.ResearchersatStanfordUniversityinCaliforniastudiedover300overweightwomen,mostlyintheirthirtiesandforties.Eachwomanwentononeofthefourplans:

Atkins,TheZone,OrnishorLEARN.Thewomenattendeddietclassesandreceivedwritteninformationaboutthefoodplans.

Attheendoftheyear,thewomenontheAtkinsdiethadlostthemost,morethanfourandone-halfkilogramsonaverage.Theyalsodidbetterontestsforcholesterollevelsandbloodpressure.

ChristopherGardner,wholedthestudy,saystheAtkinsdietmaybemoresuccessfulbecauseofitssimplemessagetoeatlesssugar.Healsosaysthattheadvicetoincreaseproteininthedietleadstomoresatisfyingmeals.Hesaysthattherewasnotenoughmoneytostudymen,butthatmenwouldprobablyhavesimilarresults.

Lastweek,anotherreportbasedonthirty-onestudiessuggestedthatonlyasmallminorityofpeoplehavelong-termsuccesswithdieting.Mostdietersregainedtheirlostweightwithinfiveyearsandoftentheybecomemoreoverweight.Butthosewhokepttheweightoffgenerallyweretheoneswhoexercised.

Title:

1.___________toloseweight

Doctors’advice

●:

takemedicinealongwith2._____________

Experts’3._________plans

●awell-balanceddiet:

4.________lessenergythanneeded,increasethenumberyouuse,orboth.

●5._________

FourofthemostpopulardietingplansintheUS

●Atkins:

eatlesssugarthanusualand6.________proteininthediet

●TheZone

●7.________

●LEARN.

From8.__________

●havelong-termsuccesswithdieting,otherwisemostdieterswill9._____theirlostweight

●exerciseismoreimportantthandietingfor10.______

Key:

1.Properways2.changingone’sbehaviors3.weight-loss4.takein5.exercise

6.increase7.Ornish8.anotherreport9.Regain10.losingweight

11

Wefindthatbrightchildrenarerarelyheldbackbymixed-abilityteaching.Onthecontrary,boththeirknowledgeandexperienceareenriched.Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreaming（把…按能力分班）pupils.Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthefactthatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates.Itcanhaveabadeffectonboththebrightandthenot-so-brightchild.Afterall,itcanbequitediscouragingtobeatthebottomofthetopgrade!

Besides,itisratherunrealtogradepeoplejustaccordingtotheirintellectualability.Thisisonlyoneaspectfortheirtotalpersonality.

Weareconcernedtodeveloptheabilitiesofallourpupilstothefull,notjusttheiracademicability.Wealsovaluepersonalqualitiesandsocialskills,andwefindthatmixed-abilityteachingcontributestoalltheseaspectsoflearning.

Inourclassrooms,weworkinvariousways.Thepupilsoftenworkingroups:

thisgivesthemtheopportunitytolearntocooperate,toshare,andtodevelopleadershipskills.Theyalsolearnhowtocopewithpersonalproblemsaswellaslearninghowtothink,tomakedecisions,toanalyzeandevaluate,andtocommunicateeffectively.Thepupilslearnfromeachotheraswellasfromtheteacher.

Sometimesthepupilsworkinpairs;sometimestheyworkonindividualtasksandassignments,andtheycandothisattheirownspeed.Theyalsohavesomeformalclassteachingwhenthisisappropriate.Weencourageourpupilstousethelibrary,andweteachthemtheskillstheyneedinordertodothisefficiently.Anadvancedpupilcandoadvancedwork:

itdoesnotmatterwhatagethechildis.Weexpectourpupilstodotheirbest,nottheirleast,andwegivethemeveryencouragementtoattainthisgoal.

Developtheabilitiesofpupils:

●developtheirfullabilities,nottheir1.___________

●valuepersonalqualities

●2.__________

pupils-streamedteaching（disadvantages）

3._____________teaching（advantages）

●not4.________thefactthatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates

●haveabadeffectonboththebrightandthenot-so-brightchild

●5.________thepupilswhoareatthebottomofthetopgrade