Study of Pride and Prejudice by SystemicFunctional Linguistics.docx
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StudyofPrideandPrejudicebySystemicFunctionalLinguistics
Contents
Abstracti
摘要ii
I.Introduction1
A.JaneAusten’sFamilyBackgroundandHerEducation1
B.JaneAusten’sWork2
II.LiteratureReview3
A.DefinitionofSystemic-Functional linguistics3
1.ConceptofSystemic-Functional linguistics3
2.DevelopmentofSystemic-Functional linguisticsabroad4
3.MainFeaturesofSystemic-Functional linguisticsathome5
4.PrincipleofSystemic-Functional linguisticsathome5
B.FunctionofSystemic-Functional Linguistics6
1.Ideationalmetafunction7
2.Interpersonalmetafunction7
3.Textualmetafunction8
III.InterpersonalFunctionofDialogueinPrideandPrejudice9
A.DialoguebetweenElizabethandDarcy9
B.DialoguebetweenBennets11
IV.Conclusion12
Bibliography13
Acknowledgements14
Abstract
Theresearchofinterpersonalfunctionisoriginatedfromtheconceptofsystemic-functionallinguisticswhichwasdevelopedbyMichaelHalliday.Asoneofthethreemetafunctions,interpersonalfunctionprincipallyreferstosocialposition,identity,attitude,intention,backgroundandthedeductionofthespeakeraswellastherelationbetweenthespeakerandthelistener.Interpersonalmetafunctionmainlyconsistsofthreecoreelements---person,moodandmodality.
WiththegoodexampleofJaneAusten’sdistinctnovelPrideandPrejudice,thispaperintendstogiveavividanddetailedillustrationoftheinterpersonalfunctionfromtheviewpointofsystemic-functionallinguistics.Itstartswiththeintroductionofthenovelandtheauthor,andthencontinueswiththedefinitionofsystemic-functionallinguistics,ofwhich,thethreefunctionsaresubsequentlyintroduced,especiallytheinterpersonalfunction.Basedonallthesetheoreticalanalysis,thedetailexampleiscitedfromtheworldfamousnovelPrideandPrejudiceinordertogivereadersmorespecificillustrationoftheinterpersonalfunctionprinciple.
KeyWords:
systemic-functionallinguistics;interpersonalfunction;PrideandPrejudice;mood;modality
摘要
对人际功能的研究源于MichaelHalliday的系统功能语言学。
人际功能是语言的三大元功能之一,主要包括社会地位、身份、态度、意图、背景以及说话人和听话人之间的关系。
人称、语气和情态是人际元功能的三大核心要素。
本文以简·奥斯丁的小说《傲慢与偏见》为例,从系统功能语言学的角度,对文中人际功能进行了详细的分析和阐述。
文章对小说及作者进行了简要介绍,接着对系统功能语言学的定义进行了界定,然后对语言的三大元功能,尤其是人际功能进行论述。
在此基础上,通过对《傲慢与偏见》中具体文本的分析,对人际功能原理进行具体阐述。
关键词:
系统功能语言学;人际功能;傲慢与偏见;语气;情态
I.Introduction
JaneAustenisoneofthemostdistinctfemalewritersintheworld.Eventilltoday,manyreadersallacrosstheworld,inspiteofdifferentculturalandlanguagebackground,havebeenattractedbyherremarkableworks.Allinherlife,JaneAustenhadcompletedmorethanonenovel,ofwhichPrideandPrejudiceisthemostimpressivetoallreaders.Althoughitistruethatallliteratureworksornovelsintheworldaresomehowinfluencedbycertainspecificsocialbackground,theinspirationfromtheauthor’sfamilyandexperienceisalsoindispensable.Fromthispointofview,studyandanalysisaboutherfamilyandeducationhelpsustoobtainmoreaccurateandcompleteunderstandingofAusten’sthoughtsandherworks.
A.JaneAusten’sFamilyBackgroundandHerEducation
JaneAusten,bornin1775,Hampshire,UKwasaBritishlitterateurinthe19thcentury.Sheisoneofthefemalelitterateurswhomadegreatcontributiontotheworld’sliteraturehistory.HerliteraryworksPrideandPrejudiceisfamousforthekeenobservationandhumorousdescription.
JaneAustenwasborninadecentfamilyofeightchildren.HerfatherGeorgeAustenwaspriestandtwobrotherswerealsoclergies.JaneAusten’smotherwasnotonlyprettybutalsosmart,goodatpoems&writingsandhadthesenseofhumor.Austenlivedherentirelifeaspartofaclose-knitfamilylocatedonthelowerfringesoftheEnglishlandedgentry.Janehadacloselyunitedfamilywithpassionateandactiveconservationbetweeneachmemberandsoshegothappiness,responsibilityandwisdomfromtheintimaterelationwithherfamily.Allthisprovidedagoodenvironmentforherinitialliteraryworks(JiangXiaonan,2011).Asherbrothersgotmarriedandstartedtheirowncareer,JaneAustenextendedhersocialnetworkgradually,andasaresult,sheobtainedamorebroadviewandprofoundperception.Inadditiontoherfamilyinfluence,educationandreadingalsohelpstoshapehermindandperspective.
Educationforgirlsduring1780swasconstrainedinmanyaspects.Atthattime,thereweregenerallytwochoicesforgirls,tohaveregularschooleducationorgovernessortobeeducatedbymother.Whenshewaseightyearsold,JanewassenttoOxfordtogetherwithhereldersister,Cassandra,tobeeducated.BothofthesisterscaughttyphusandJanenearlydied.Afterthat,JaneAustenwaseducatedathomeuntilin1785shewenttoboardingschoolwithCassandra.InDecember1786,JaneandCassandrahadtoreturnhomebecausethefamilycouldnotaffordtosendbothofthesisterstoschool.Sincethen,Austenwaseducatedbyreadingandguidedbyherfather&brothers.Austen’sfamilylivedtheirlifeinanopen,amused,easyintellectualatmosphere.HerfamilyhasthegreatestinfluencetoJane’slife.Austen’sreadingandwritingexperiencehascloserelationwithbothhersisterandfivebrothers.Hereldestbrother,JamesAustenoncestudiedinStJohn'sCollege,Oxfordandwastheinitiatorandsponsorofanewspaper,inwhichmostarticleswerewrittenbyJames.HehadextensivereadingofEnglishliteraryworksanddevelopedaveryhighlevelofliterarytasteandappreciation(LiangXiaolong,2012).Jamesalsolikeswritingandwasgoodatpoem&prose.Hisliterarycultivationhasthedirectinfluencetohissister,Jane’sinterestandtasteinliterature.AnotherbrotherofJane,HenryThomasisalsocloselyrelatedwithJane’sgreataccomplishmentintermsofwritingandpublication.Ofallthebrothers,JanelikedHenrythemost,whohadgivenextensiveinfluencetoherwholelife.MostofJane’sliteraryworkswerepublishedwiththehelpfromhisnicebrother,Henry.
Jane’ssecondelderbrother,EdwardAustenalsohadacloserelationwithJaneallthroughherlifetime.Edwardhadagoodsenseofhumorandwasactiveandenergetic.HewasadoptedbyhisuncleandownedamanorKentCounty&alargehouseinHampshire,soEdwardhadaratherdecentincomeeveryyear.AlthoughEdwardlefthisbrothersandsisterswhenhewasyoungbuthelivedwiththemlaterintheirlife.Heplayedaveryimportantroletotheladies’lifeofthefamily.BeforethefatherGeorgeAustendied,thefamilylivedafairlywell-offlifeeventhoughtheywerenotveryrich.However,lifebecamequitedifficultforJaneAusten,hersisterandmotherafterherfatherdied.Luckily,Edwardgaveagreat100poundstohissistersandmothertosupporttheirlife.JanehersisterandmotheralsogothelpfromJamesAustenandHenryAusteneveryyear(YangYang,2010).Withsuchspecialexperience,JaneAustendevelopedabrand-newunderstandingandperceptionofmoney,whichisalsoreflectedinherliteraryworks.
B.JaneAusten’sWork
AustenisoneofthemostwidelyreadwritersinEnglishliteratureforherworksofromanticfiction.Asanoutstandingliterarygiant,JaneAustenwasrenownedas“themostperfectfemaleartist”,themostpopularwriterintheUnitedKingdomandevenwasmarkedtohavethesamehighliterarypositionasShakespeare.Duringherlifetime,JaneAustenwroteabundantnovelsandliteraryworksandmanyofthemarestillconstantlypopulartilltoday.“LadySusan”isashortfictionwrotein1794,afterwhich,Austenstartedtocreatefull-lengthnovel.Amongherwell-knownnovelsareSenseandSensibility,PrideandPrejudice,MansfieldPark,Emma,NorthangerAbbeyandPersuasion.Allofthesenovelsreflectedthecritiqueaboutthenovelsofsensibilityofthesecondhalfofthe18thcenturyandarepartofthetransitionto19th-centuryrealism.
II.LiteratureReview
System-functionallinguisticswasdevelopedbythefamousBritishlinguistMichael Halliday.TheconceptproposedbyHallidayintegratesthephilosophyofEuropeananthropologyandlinguistics.Itattachesimportancetothesocialuseoflanguageandalsostressesthefunctionoflanguage.Halliday’ssubstantialperceptionoflanguageandtheimportanceattachedtolingualsystem,functionanddiscoursehavemadeasignificantandvaluablecontributiontotheresearchoflingualtheoryaswellasrelatedapplication.SinceMichael HallidayestablishedSystem-functionallinguistics,manylinguistsallacrosstheworldconductedlotsofresearchaboutthetheory.Thus,avarietyversionofdefinitionandexplanationoftheconcepthavealsobeendeveloped(Halliday,1978).
A.DefinitionofSystemic-Functional linguistics
1.ConceptofSystemic-Functional linguistics
Beinganapproachtostudytheuseoflanguage,system-functionallinguisticsconsiderslanguageasa socialsemioticsystem.AccordingtoMichael Halliday,systemicfunctionallinguisticscanbe"functional"inthesenseofconsideringlanguagetobeevolvedwhenbeingsubjecttorelatedpressureofsomespecificfunctionstowhichthelanguagesystemisintendedtoserve(Halliday,1978).Thusfunctionsareconsideredtohavelefttheirmarkonthestructureandformoflanguagetoallextents,whichareassumedtobeachievedvia metafunctions.Suchtermmetafunctionusedhererefersparticularlytothesystemicfunctionallinguistics.TothelinguistssuchasHalliday,languageisjustakindofsocialsymbol.Itisoneofthemostimportantsubsystemsintheentiresymbolsystem.Communicationthroughlanguageisakindofactivitybelongingtohumanbeingwhoisalsoamemberoftheentiresociety(Halliday,1978).Inthissense,lingualcommunicationisakindofsocialbehavior(AnnetteHohenberger,