Study of Pride and Prejudice by SystemicFunctional Linguistics.docx

Study of Pride and Prejudice by SystemicFunctional Linguistics.docx

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StudyofPrideandPrejudicebySystemicFunctionalLinguistics

Contents

Abstracti

摘要ii

I.Introduction1

A.JaneAusten’sFamilyBackgroundandHerEducation1

B.JaneAusten’sWork2

II.LiteratureReview3

A.DefinitionofSystemic-Functional linguistics3

1.ConceptofSystemic-Functional linguistics3

2.DevelopmentofSystemic-Functional linguisticsabroad4

3.MainFeaturesofSystemic-Functional linguisticsathome5

4.PrincipleofSystemic-Functional linguisticsathome5

B.FunctionofSystemic-Functional Linguistics6

1.Ideationalmetafunction7

2.Interpersonalmetafunction7

3.Textualmetafunction8

III.InterpersonalFunctionofDialogueinPrideandPrejudice9

A.DialoguebetweenElizabethandDarcy9

B.DialoguebetweenBennets11

IV.Conclusion12

Bibliography13

Acknowledgements14

Abstract

Theresearchofinterpersonalfunctionisoriginatedfromtheconceptofsystemic-functionallinguisticswhichwasdevelopedbyMichaelHalliday.Asoneofthethreemetafunctions,interpersonalfunctionprincipallyreferstosocialposition,identity,attitude,intention,backgroundandthedeductionofthespeakeraswellastherelationbetweenthespeakerandthelistener.Interpersonalmetafunctionmainlyconsistsofthreecoreelements---person,moodandmodality.

WiththegoodexampleofJaneAusten’sdistinctnovelPrideandPrejudice,thispaperintendstogiveavividanddetailedillustrationoftheinterpersonalfunctionfromtheviewpointofsystemic-functionallinguistics.Itstartswiththeintroductionofthenovelandtheauthor,andthencontinueswiththedefinitionofsystemic-functionallinguistics,ofwhich,thethreefunctionsaresubsequentlyintroduced,especiallytheinterpersonalfunction.Basedonallthesetheoreticalanalysis,thedetailexampleiscitedfromtheworldfamousnovelPrideandPrejudiceinordertogivereadersmorespecificillustrationoftheinterpersonalfunctionprinciple.

KeyWords:

systemic-functionallinguistics;interpersonalfunction;PrideandPrejudice;mood;modality

摘要

对人际功能的研究源于MichaelHalliday的系统功能语言学。

人际功能是语言的三大元功能之一，主要包括社会地位、身份、态度、意图、背景以及说话人和听话人之间的关系。

人称、语气和情态是人际元功能的三大核心要素。

本文以简·奥斯丁的小说《傲慢与偏见》为例，从系统功能语言学的角度，对文中人际功能进行了详细的分析和阐述。

文章对小说及作者进行了简要介绍，接着对系统功能语言学的定义进行了界定，然后对语言的三大元功能，尤其是人际功能进行论述。

在此基础上，通过对《傲慢与偏见》中具体文本的分析，对人际功能原理进行具体阐述。

关键词：

系统功能语言学；人际功能；傲慢与偏见；语气；情态

I.Introduction

JaneAustenisoneofthemostdistinctfemalewritersintheworld.Eventilltoday,manyreadersallacrosstheworld,inspiteofdifferentculturalandlanguagebackground,havebeenattractedbyherremarkableworks.Allinherlife,JaneAustenhadcompletedmorethanonenovel,ofwhichPrideandPrejudiceisthemostimpressivetoallreaders.Althoughitistruethatallliteratureworksornovelsintheworldaresomehowinfluencedbycertainspecificsocialbackground,theinspirationfromtheauthor’sfamilyandexperienceisalsoindispensable.Fromthispointofview,studyandanalysisaboutherfamilyandeducationhelpsustoobtainmoreaccurateandcompleteunderstandingofAusten’sthoughtsandherworks.

A.JaneAusten’sFamilyBackgroundandHerEducation

JaneAusten,bornin1775,Hampshire,UKwasaBritishlitterateurinthe19thcentury.Sheisoneofthefemalelitterateurswhomadegreatcontributiontotheworld’sliteraturehistory.HerliteraryworksPrideandPrejudiceisfamousforthekeenobservationandhumorousdescription.

JaneAustenwasborninadecentfamilyofeightchildren.HerfatherGeorgeAustenwaspriestandtwobrotherswerealsoclergies.JaneAusten’smotherwasnotonlyprettybutalsosmart,goodatpoems&writingsandhadthesenseofhumor.Austenlivedherentirelifeaspartofaclose-knitfamilylocatedonthelowerfringesoftheEnglishlandedgentry.Janehadacloselyunitedfamilywithpassionateandactiveconservationbetweeneachmemberandsoshegothappiness,responsibilityandwisdomfromtheintimaterelationwithherfamily.Allthisprovidedagoodenvironmentforherinitialliteraryworks（JiangXiaonan,2011）.Asherbrothersgotmarriedandstartedtheirowncareer,JaneAustenextendedhersocialnetworkgradually,andasaresult,sheobtainedamorebroadviewandprofoundperception.Inadditiontoherfamilyinfluence,educationandreadingalsohelpstoshapehermindandperspective.

Educationforgirlsduring1780swasconstrainedinmanyaspects.Atthattime,thereweregenerallytwochoicesforgirls,tohaveregularschooleducationorgovernessortobeeducatedbymother.Whenshewaseightyearsold,JanewassenttoOxfordtogetherwithhereldersister,Cassandra,tobeeducated.BothofthesisterscaughttyphusandJanenearlydied.Afterthat,JaneAustenwaseducatedathomeuntilin1785shewenttoboardingschoolwithCassandra.InDecember1786,JaneandCassandrahadtoreturnhomebecausethefamilycouldnotaffordtosendbothofthesisterstoschool.Sincethen,Austenwaseducatedbyreadingandguidedbyherfather&brothers.Austen’sfamilylivedtheirlifeinanopen,amused,easyintellectualatmosphere.HerfamilyhasthegreatestinfluencetoJane’slife.Austen’sreadingandwritingexperiencehascloserelationwithbothhersisterandfivebrothers.Hereldestbrother,JamesAustenoncestudiedinStJohn'sCollege,Oxfordandwastheinitiatorandsponsorofanewspaper,inwhichmostarticleswerewrittenbyJames.HehadextensivereadingofEnglishliteraryworksanddevelopedaveryhighlevelofliterarytasteandappreciation（LiangXiaolong,2012）.Jamesalsolikeswritingandwasgoodatpoem&prose.Hisliterarycultivationhasthedirectinfluencetohissister,Jane’sinterestandtasteinliterature.AnotherbrotherofJane,HenryThomasisalsocloselyrelatedwithJane’sgreataccomplishmentintermsofwritingandpublication.Ofallthebrothers,JanelikedHenrythemost,whohadgivenextensiveinfluencetoherwholelife.MostofJane’sliteraryworkswerepublishedwiththehelpfromhisnicebrother,Henry.

Jane’ssecondelderbrother,EdwardAustenalsohadacloserelationwithJaneallthroughherlifetime.Edwardhadagoodsenseofhumorandwasactiveandenergetic.HewasadoptedbyhisuncleandownedamanorKentCounty&alargehouseinHampshire,soEdwardhadaratherdecentincomeeveryyear.AlthoughEdwardlefthisbrothersandsisterswhenhewasyoungbuthelivedwiththemlaterintheirlife.Heplayedaveryimportantroletotheladies’lifeofthefamily.BeforethefatherGeorgeAustendied,thefamilylivedafairlywell-offlifeeventhoughtheywerenotveryrich.However,lifebecamequitedifficultforJaneAusten,hersisterandmotherafterherfatherdied.Luckily,Edwardgaveagreat100poundstohissistersandmothertosupporttheirlife.JanehersisterandmotheralsogothelpfromJamesAustenandHenryAusteneveryyear（YangYang,2010）.Withsuchspecialexperience,JaneAustendevelopedabrand-newunderstandingandperceptionofmoney,whichisalsoreflectedinherliteraryworks.

B.JaneAusten’sWork

AustenisoneofthemostwidelyreadwritersinEnglishliteratureforherworksofromanticfiction.Asanoutstandingliterarygiant,JaneAustenwasrenownedas“themostperfectfemaleartist”,themostpopularwriterintheUnitedKingdomandevenwasmarkedtohavethesamehighliterarypositionasShakespeare.Duringherlifetime,JaneAustenwroteabundantnovelsandliteraryworksandmanyofthemarestillconstantlypopulartilltoday.“LadySusan”isashortfictionwrotein1794,afterwhich,Austenstartedtocreatefull-lengthnovel.Amongherwell-knownnovelsareSenseandSensibility,PrideandPrejudice,MansfieldPark,Emma,NorthangerAbbeyandPersuasion.Allofthesenovelsreflectedthecritiqueaboutthenovelsofsensibilityofthesecondhalfofthe18thcenturyandarepartofthetransitionto19th-centuryrealism.

II.LiteratureReview

System-functionallinguisticswasdevelopedbythefamousBritishlinguistMichael Halliday.TheconceptproposedbyHallidayintegratesthephilosophyofEuropeananthropologyandlinguistics.Itattachesimportancetothesocialuseoflanguageandalsostressesthefunctionoflanguage.Halliday’ssubstantialperceptionoflanguageandtheimportanceattachedtolingualsystem,functionanddiscoursehavemadeasignificantandvaluablecontributiontotheresearchoflingualtheoryaswellasrelatedapplication.SinceMichael HallidayestablishedSystem-functionallinguistics,manylinguistsallacrosstheworldconductedlotsofresearchaboutthetheory.Thus,avarietyversionofdefinitionandexplanationoftheconcepthavealsobeendeveloped（Halliday,1978）.

A.DefinitionofSystemic-Functional linguistics

1.ConceptofSystemic-Functional linguistics

Beinganapproachtostudytheuseoflanguage,system-functionallinguisticsconsiderslanguageasa socialsemioticsystem.AccordingtoMichael Halliday,systemicfunctionallinguisticscanbe"functional"inthesenseofconsideringlanguagetobeevolvedwhenbeingsubjecttorelatedpressureofsomespecificfunctionstowhichthelanguagesystemisintendedtoserve（Halliday,1978）.Thusfunctionsareconsideredtohavelefttheirmarkonthestructureandformoflanguagetoallextents,whichareassumedtobeachievedvia metafunctions.Suchtermmetafunctionusedhererefersparticularlytothesystemicfunctionallinguistics.TothelinguistssuchasHalliday,languageisjustakindofsocialsymbol.Itisoneofthemostimportantsubsystemsintheentiresymbolsystem.Communicationthroughlanguageisakindofactivitybelongingtohumanbeingwhoisalsoamemberoftheentiresociety（Halliday,1978）.Inthissense,lingualcommunicationisakindofsocialbehavior（AnnetteHohenberger,