新版沪教版英语八年级下册unit1.docx
《新版沪教版英语八年级下册unit1.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《新版沪教版英语八年级下册unit1.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。
新版沪教版英语八年级下册unit1
八年级下册unit1Helpingthoseinneed复习
Unit1Languagepoints
. Key Words
1. raise v. 筹募；增加
【用法】raise 是一个及物动词，后可直接加宾语。
如：
raise the national flag；raise money； raise one’s spirits 意为“使振奋，使鼓起勇气”如：
A powerful song can raise one’s spirits.
时态变化：
raise-raised-raised 例：
Raise your hands.
The worker demand the manager to raise their salary.工人们要求加薪水。
【拓展】rise 是不及物动词,表示“升起”， 例：
The sun is rising.
时态变化：
rise--rose--risen
【例句】翻译：
1. 我们如何才能在短期内提高英语水平？
____________________________________________________________________________
2. 我想养只狗当宠物。
____________________________________________________________________________
2. disabled. adj. 丧失能力的
【用法】disabled可以作为形容词；也可以作为动词（ disable的过去式和过去分词），
意为：
使残废；使伤残；使无效
【拓展】我们常用the disabled表示“残疾人”,相当于disabled people.
【例句】He became severely d___________ after the big fire.
3. offer v. 主动提出
【用法】offer后面加不定式，offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
如：
On his mum’s birthday, little Tom offered to do the dishes.
【拓展】offer 还可以表示“主动拿给；主动给与”的意思，相当于give，后面可接名词作宾语。
如：
offer some advice ；也可以接双宾语，即offer somebody something=offer something to somebody
【例句】翻译：
她主动提出将自行车借给我。
____________________________________________________________________________
4. suffer v. 受苦；受折磨
【用法】suffer sth.意为遭受，经受：
遭受或承受（痛苦的、有害的或不良的东西），
如：
suffer death, suffered heavy casualties/loss
【拓展】suffer from 后面加的是疾病、不适（身体或心理上的）意为受……的苦， 如：
suffered from ill health/ a headache
【例句】She s ___________ greatly as a child.
翻译：
很多人都苦于现代生活的压力。
____________________________________________________________________________
5. serious adj. 严重的
【用法】serious可以表示“认真的”如：
He is a serious student and works very hard.
也可以表示“严肃的”如：
Be serious，John!
Don’t make fun of me.
【拓展】seriously是副词，表示“严重地”
【例句】He has a s___________ illness.
6. illness n. 病
【用法】当illness表示某种具体疾病时，是可数名词。
但当它表示“疾病，生病期间”时，是不可数名词。
【拓展】ill 是形容词，表示“病的；生病的”
【例句】翻译：
他死于重病。
____________________________________________________________________________
7. express v. 表达；表露
【用法】express sth to sb. 向某人表达…… 如：
express his thanks to her express their feelings 表达某人的情感，抒发某人的感情
【拓展】expression n. 表达；表情
【例句】翻译：
他向我们表达了他对新老师的看法。
____________________________________________________________________________
9. lonely adj. 孤独的
【用法】lonely意为“孤独的”，表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞，有较浓的感情色彩，
指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。
它为形容词，在句中作表语或定语。
作定语时，意为“荒凉；偏僻”，多修饰表示地点的名词。
【拓展】alone为形容词，意为“单独的”，只作表语，不能作定语。
侧重说明独自一人，没有助手或同伴，没有感情色彩的只表示客观的状态。
alone还可以作副词。
alone 副词 adv. 单独；独自 She went home alone.
After his wife died, he lived alone.
【例句】He lives a___________ ，but never feels l___________ .
10. friendship n. 友情；友谊
【用法】a deep friendship 深厚的友谊 复数：
friendships
【拓展】friend 朋友 friendly 友好的
【例句】翻译：
琳达和埃米有着深厚的友谊。
____________________________________________________________________________
11. difficulty n. 困难；费劲
【用法】have difficulty with sth =have difficulty （ in） doing sth
作为“困难”时，是不可数名词，如：
I had no difficulty （in） learning English.
作为“难事，难点，难处”时，是可数名词，如：
In face of so many difficulties,
we were never afraid.
【拓展】difficult 是形容词，表示困难的
【例句】He have d___________ in solving d___________ problems.
12. courage n.勇气；勇敢
【用法】不可数名词 have courage
【拓展】encourage 鼓励 discourage 使沮丧
【例句】 翻译：
战士们有勇气打败敌人。
____________________________________________________________________________
13. spend time with 与……共度；陪伴
如：
I spent time with my son and talked to him a lot.
14. continue to do sth. 继续做某事
They continued to do voluntary work.
课堂达标检测
重点词汇、短语
筹募；增加________________
准许___________________
有残疾的_________________
青少年___________________
主动提出________________
受苦，受折磨_____________
严重的_________________
（某种）病_______________
组织；筹备________________
表达；表露_______________
痛苦；苦恼________________
孤独的；寂寞的____________
友情；友谊______________
困难；费_______________
愉快；喜悦_______________
平静；宁静________________
（使）疼痛________________
勇气；勇敢________________
情绪；心境________________
短语考察
需要帮助的
义务性工作
报请批准
因……受苦；受折磨
使振奋；使鼓起勇气
二、单项选择
（ ） 1. Peter___________cook for his parents when the International Day of Families came.
A. offered B. offered to
C. offering D. to offer
（ ） 2. Although you may meet with some___________ , you should never give up.
A. difficult B. difficulty
C. difficulties D. difficultys
（ ） 3. He has few friends. He lives in a small house___________, he often feels___________.
A. alone, lonely B. alone, alone
C. lonely, lonely D. lonely, alone
（ ） 4. I___________ time with my parents during the holidays.
A. pay B. spent
C. cost D. take
（ ） 5. After reading Lesson 9, he___________ read Lesson 10.
A. continued B. continued to
C. continuing D. to continue
（ ） 6. The boy was ___________, he had to ask for leave because of the ___________ .
A. ill, ill B. illness, illness
C. illness, ill D. ill, illness
三、首字母填空
1. There are many kinds of v__________ work.
2. I taught d__________ children to sing.
3. Three t__________ offered to do some voluntary work during the school holidays.
4. I will c__________ to do voluntary work in the future.
5. They have d__________ walking or moving.
6. Music can bring the disable children j__________.
7. We must r__________ enough money for the construction of the school.
8. They o__________ to help the old.
9. In the end, we all decided to o__________ a concert for Easter.
10. He h __________ his legs in a car accident.
四、完成句子
1.患难见真情。
A friend _______ ______ is a friend in deed.
2.他将在他空闲的时候继续在医院里帮忙。
He will _______ ______ ______ at the hospital in his free time.
3.这帮助他们表达他们的感受。
This_______ ______ ______ their feelings.
4. 在暑假期间课，她想去做义务性工作，因此她将主动提出去医院帮忙。
She wanted to do _______ ______ during the summer holidays, so she’ll _______ ______ _____ at a hospital.
5. 有时我还是在吃这些弱点的苦头。
Sometimes I still _______ ______ these weaknesses.
5. 这个好消息使我们精神振奋。
The good news _______ ______ ______.
6. 我觉得你在使用杰克的电脑前，需要请求他的批准。
I think you need to _______ ______ before you use Jack’s computer.
7. 我不想在这么短的一个假期过去巴黎，我宁愿待在家里和我的孩子一起。
I don’t want to go to Paris for such a short holiday. I’d rather stay at home and _______ ______
_______ my kids.
8. 学生们将会在下周为非洲的孩子们筹募。
The students will _______ ______ for the children in Africa next week.
语法：
动词不定式
【动词不定式】是非谓语动词一种，在句子中，它除了不能作谓语外，可以担当其它任何成分，主语宾语、表语等。
本课主要讲动词不定式作宾语的情况，
（1）基本形式：
to+动词原形 （在某些情况下可以不带 to） ,其否定形式为：
notto+动词原形。
（2）动词不定式用法
A、 作主语
动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：
（1） 把不定式置于句首。
如：
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
To learn a foreign language is not easy. = It’s not easy to learn a foreign language.
（2）用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。
It is good to help others. 帮助他人是件好事。
It is exciting to surf the Internet. 上网是件令人兴奋的事。
【练习】
一、动词不定式作主语
1. It's our duty _________ the room every day.
A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans
2. It's hard for us _________ English well.
A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning（江西省）
3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。
It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.
4. It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup.
A. for，of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to
B、作表语 （表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）之后。
如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的，那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句）
The important thing is to finish the work on time. （完成工作）
What you have to do now is to clean the classroom. （打扫教室）.
C 作宾语
1） 动词 + to do 常见动词有 agree, choose, decide, forget, fail,go on, learn, hope, mean （意味；想要） need,offer, plan, regret, require, remember, seem, stop, try, wish, want等
[注意]：
部分动词后接不定式与接动名词的含义不同。
如stop, forget, remember
1. He decided to buy （buy） the camera.
2. I want to listen to （listen to） some music after class.
3. I hope to travel （travel） all over the world one day.
2） 动词+疑问代（副）词 + to do
I don’t know what to do. （做什么） how to do it / that. （怎么做）
where to go （去哪里） when to leave （什么时候出发）
Which one to choose （选择哪个）
例：
I haven’t decided when to take a holiday yet.
3） 动词 + it（形式宾语）+宾补 +to do
I find it important to learn English
我发现很难和他好好相处. I find it hard to get on well with him.
我发现在炎热的夏天很容易入睡. I find it easy to fall asleep in hot summer.
动词不定式做宾补
1） 动词 + 宾语 +to do
Li Mei asked me to show her the new dictionary.
注：
有以上结构的常用动词有 tell. wish, ask, want，like, beg（请求）, invite（邀请）, warn（警告，提醒）, allow, encourage, advise 等。
2） 动词 + 宾语 + do （不带 to 的不定式）
注：
常用的动词是:
感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice； 使役动词 have ,make, let.（如果将其改成被动语态，必须将不定式符号to还原。
）
例：
Colors can change our moods（情绪） and make us feel happy or sad.
固定搭配：
make sb. do sth.
【练习】动词不定式作宾语
1. He wants ______ some vegetables.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys
2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.
A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking
3. He found it very difficult ______.
A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep
动词不定式作宾语补足语
1. Robert often asks us ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.
A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with
2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends ______ Chinese food.
A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked
E、作状语（可以表目的、表结果、表原因）。
为了强调目的， 有时可以把不定式放在句首，或在不定式前面加in order to…或so as not to…
I came here to tell you good news. （ 告诉你一个好消息）
She studied hard to pass the exam.她刻苦学习，以便通过考试。
F、作定语 （必须后置）
我们每天有很多作业要做. We have a lot of homework to do every day.
我有个好消息要告诉你. I have good news to tell you.
不带to的不定式结构
以下几种情
升级会员 