高考英语阅读理解综合经典题附答案解析.docx

高考英语阅读理解综合经典题附答案解析.docx

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高考英语阅读理解综合经典题附答案解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Sharkattacksnotonlydisturbbeachactivities,butcanaffectassociatedtouristindustries.Sharknetsareacommonsolutiontopreventingsharkattacksonbeaches,buttheycausedangerstoseaecosystems.

   Seekingacost-effectivewaytomonitorbeachsafetyoverlargeareas,wehavedevelopedasystemcalledSharkSpotter.Itcombinesartificialintelligence（AI）,computingpower,anddrone（无人机）technologytoidentifyandwarnlifesaverstosharksnearswimmers.TheprojectisacooperationbetweentheUniversityofTechnologySydneyandTheRipperGroup,whichispioneeringtheuseofdrones—called"WestpacLittleRipperLifesavers"—inthesearchandrescuemovementinAustralia.

   SharkSpottercandetectsharksandotherpotentialthreatsusingreal-timeaerialimagery.Thesystemanalysesvideofromacameraattachedtoadronetomonitorbeachesforsharks,sendwarnings,andconductrescues.Developedwithtechniquesknownas"deeplearning",theSharkSpottersystemreceivesimageryfromthedronecameraandattemptstoidentifyallobjectsinthescene.Oncecertainobjectsaredetected,theyareputintooneof16categories:

shark,whale,dolphin,rays,differenttypesofboats,surfers,andswimmers.

   Ifasharkisdetected,SharkSpotterprovidesbothavisualsignonthecomputerscreenandanaudiblewarningtotheoperator.TheoperatorconfirmsthewarningandsendstextmessagesfromtheSharkSpottersystemtotheSurfLifeSaversforfurtheraction.Inanemergency,thedroneisequippedwithalifesavingflotationpod（漂浮仓）togetherwithanelectronicsharkrepellent（驱逐装置）thatcanbedroppedintothewaterincaseswhereswimmersareinseveretrouble,trappedinarip,oriftherearesharkscloseby.

   InJanuary2018,theWestpacLittleRipperLifesaverswasusedtorescuetwoyoungswimmerscaughtinaripatLennoxHead,NSW.Thedroneflewdownthebeachsome800metersfromthelifeguardstation,andalifesavingflotationpodwasdroppedfromthedrone.Thecompleterescueoperationtook70seconds.

   WebelieveSharkSpotterisawin-winforbothmarinelifeandbeachgoers.ThisuniquetechnologycombinesdynamicvideoimageprocessingAIandadvanceddronetechnologytocreativelydealwiththeglobalchallengeofensuringsafebeaches,protectingenvironments,andpromotingtourism.

（1）ASharkSpotteris________.

A. asolutiontomonitorsharks                           

B. anequipmenttoidentifylifesavers

C. atechnologytopreventsharkattacks           

D. aprojecttopioneertheuseofdrones

（2）Whenasharkisspottednearaswimmer,thesystemwill________.

A. taketimelyaction                                            

B. analyzethevisualdata

C. classifytheidentifiedobjects                          

D. turnon"deeplearning"mode

（3）Theexampleinthe5thparagraphshowsusthatthesystemis________.

A. efficientinsavinglives                                    

B. effectiveindetectingsharks

C. smartindrivingsharksaway                           

D. practicaloverthewholeseaarea

（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureofSharkSpotter?

A.Doubtful.

B.Optimistic.

C.Negative.

D.Objective.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）A

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种旨在防止鲨鱼袭击的技术SharkSpotter的工作原理以及重要意义。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的”Ifasharkisdetected,SharkSpotterprovidesbothavisualsignonthecomputerscreenandanaudiblewarningtotheoperator.TheoperatorconfirmsthewarningandsendstextmessagesfromtheSharkSpottersystemtotheSurfLifeSaversforfurtheraction.“如果鲨鱼被发现，SharkSpotter会在电脑屏幕上显示视觉讯号，并向操作员发出听觉警告。

操作员确认了警告，并从鲨鱼观测者系统向冲浪救生员发送短信，以便采取进一步行动。

可推断出SharkSpotter是一种防止鲨鱼袭击的技术，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的”Inanemergency,thedroneisequippedwithalifesavingflotationpod（漂浮仓）togetherwithanelectronicsharkrepellent（驱逐装置）thatcanbedroppedintothewaterincaseswhereswimmersareinseveretrouble,trappedinarip,oriftherearesharkscloseby.“在紧急情况下，无人机配备了一个救生浮选舱和一个电子防鲨器，当游泳者遇到严重麻烦、被困在裂口或附近有鲨鱼时，可以将防鲨器放入水中。

可知当在游泳者附近发现鲨鱼时，系统会及时采取行动，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第五段”InJanuary2018,theWestpacLittleRipperLifesaverswasusedtorescuetwoyoungswimmerscaughtinaripatLennoxHead,NSW.Thedroneflewdownthebeachsome800metersfromthelifeguardstation,andalifesavingflotationpodwasdroppedfromthedrone.Thecompleterescueoperationtook70seconds.“2018年1月，西太平洋小开创者救生员队（WestpacLittleRipperLifesavers）被用来营救两名在新南威尔士州伦诺克斯海德（LennoxHead）被困的年轻游泳者。

这架无人机从距离救生站800米的海滩上飞下来，一个救生浮筒从无人机上掉了下来。

整个营救行动耗时70秒。

可推知第五段的例子告诉我们这个系统在拯救生命方面是有效的，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的”WebelieveSharkSpotterisawin-winforbothmarinelifeandbeachgoers.“我们相信SharkSpotter对海洋生物和海滩游客来说都是双赢的。

可知作者对SharkSpotter的未来持乐观的态度。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Accordingtoateamofresearchers,ananimal'sabilitytoperceive（感知）timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.

   "Ourresultslendsupporttotheimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmovingcreatures."commentedleadauthorKevinHealyfromTrinityCollegeDublin.

   Thestudywasdonewithavarietyofanimalsusingphenomenonbasedonthemaximumspeedofflashesoflightanindividualcanseebeforethelightsourceisseenasconstant.Dogs,forexample,haveeyeswitharefreshratehigherthanhumans.

   Oneexampleofthisphenomenonatwork,theauthorssay,isthehouseflyanditsabilitytoavoidbeinghit.Theresearchshowedflies"observemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachieve,"whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.

   ProfessorGraemeRuxtonoftheUniversityofStAndrewsinScotland,whoworkedjointlyontheresearchproject,saidinastatement,"Havingeyesthatsendupdatestothebrainatmuchhigherfrequenciesthanoureyesdoisofnovalueifthebraincannotprocessthatinformationequallyquickly.Thus,thisworkhighlightstheimpressiveabilitiesofeventhesmallestanimalbrains.Fliesmightnotbedeepthinkers,buttheycanmakegooddecisionsveryquickly."

   Incomparison,thetigerbeetle（虎甲虫）runsfasterthanitseyescankeepup,basicallybecomingblind,whichrequiresittostopperiodicallytore-evaluateitsprey's（猎物）position.

   Ourresultssuggestthattimeperceptionoffersanasyetunstudieddimensionalongwhichanimalscanspecializeandthereisconsiderablerangetostudythissysteminmoredetail.

（1）Whatistheresearchmentionedinthepassagemainlyabout？

A. Paceoflifeofanimals.                                     B. Impressiveabilitiesofanimals.

C. Lifetimeofsmallanimals.                                

D. Timeperceptionofanimals.

（2）WhatdoesKevinHealy'scommentmeaninPara.2？

A. Thesurvivaloffastmovinganimalsreliesontheirabilitytoperceivetime.

B. Animalswithquickerpaceoflifehavebetterperceptionoftime.

C. Theabilityofanimalstoperceivetimedependsontheirhighmovingspeed.

D. Animalswithpoorabilityoftimeperceptionhaveashorterlife.

（3）Whycanhousefliesavoidbeinghit?

A. Theycanthinkverydeeplybeforetheyact.

B. Theycanprocesstheinformationasquicklyastheyreceiveit.

C. Theycanflymuchfasterthantheireyescankeepup.

D. Theycansendinformationtobrainmorequicklythantotheireyes.

（4）Whatwillatigerbeetlehavetodotocatchamovingprey?

A. Slowdowntogainitstimeperception.          B. Preventitselffrombecomingblind.

C. Stopoccasionallytospotthepreyagain.       D. Trytorunasfastasitcan.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了对动物时间感知的研究。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Accordingtoateamofresearchers，ananimal'sabilitytoperceive（感知）timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.”可知，据一组研究人员称，动物感知时间的能力与它们的生活节奏有关，由此可知，文中提到的这个研究是关于动物的时间感知的，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“theimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmovingcreatures.”可知，对于能快速移动的动物而言，在极短的时间内感知时间的能力可能是生与死的区别，由此可知，KevinHealy说的意思是快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它们对时间的感知能力，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Theresearchshowedflies‘observemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachieve，’whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.”可知，家蝇观察物体运动的时间比我们人眼所能达到的时间要短，这使得它们能够避免被击中；再结合第五段中的“buttheycanmakegooddecisionsveryquickly.”可知，它们可以很快做出好的决定，也就是说它们可以尽快处理收到的信息，故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“thetigerbeetle（虎甲虫）runsfasterthanitseyescankeepup，basicallybecomingblind，whichrequiresittostopperiodicallytore-evaluateitsprey's（猎物）position”可知，虎甲虫的移动比眼睛快，基本上是盲目的，这就要求它不时地停下来，重新评估猎物的位置，由此可知，为了抓住移动的猎物，虎甲虫需要不时地停下来确定猎物的位置，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Ifyouloveeatinganddrinkingforfreeandarelookingtomakesomepocketmoney,there'sajobinChinawithyournameonit.Anewtypeofonlineserviceallowspeopletohireotherstoeatordrinktheirfavoritetreats,eithertocuretheirboredomorsatisfytheirappetitewithoutthecaloriesthatusuallycomewithit.

   ChinesemediarecentlyreportedonanincreasinglypopularserviceononlineplatformTaobaothat'sasstartlingasitisappealing.Peoplecannowgoonlineandhireotherstoconsumecertainfoodsanddrinks,andaskthemtoprovidevideoevidenceofthemeatingordrinkingthesaidtreats.

   Feesusuallyrangefromtwotonineyuan（$0.30-$1.35）plusthecostofthefood.It'snotexactlyaget-rich-quickjob,buttherearequitearotofpeoplewillingtodoitforthefreetreatsalone.

   "Bubbleteadrinking"isaparticularlypopularservice,asthechewytapioca（木薯粉）ballsandpoppingdrinkisalltherageinAsiathesedays,buttherearealsoadsfrompeoplewillingtoeatf