模 糊 语 法.docx

模 糊 语 法.docx

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模糊语法

模糊语法

模糊语法FuzzyGrammarChenWei

ContentLookatanexample:

MisunderstandingsinNewCollegeEnglishThereisabumintherestroom.Thereisabombintherestroom.

Whatcausedthismisunderstanding?

It’sthesimilarpronunciationofwords.InEnglish,thisisakindofgrammarphenomenon----fuzzygrammar.phenomenon----fuzzygrammar.

FuzzyGrammarThesemanticmeaningofawordhasindeterminacy（不确定性）.（不确定性）.Therearethreeforms:

fuzziness（模糊）,fuzziness（模糊）,ambiguity（歧义）ambiguity（歧义）andvagueness（含vagueness（含混）1.FuzzinessTherearetwocases:

intermediatearea,openarea

1.1IntermediateareaTakingtheword“can”forexample.CAN———————?

———————?

?

?

———————?

———————?

?

abilitypossibilitypermissionsubjectivityability+permissionobjectivitysubjectivity+objectivitya.Itssubjectmustbeanimate.b.Itsverbmustbeamentalorphysicalaction.c.Thepossibilityofthisactiondependsonboththesubject’scharacteristicsorlearnedskillsanditsobjectivepermission.

e.g.1.abilityIcanswimacrosstheriver.2.possibility（ability+permission）a.Icanswimacrosstheriverwhenitiswarm.b.IcanswimacrosstheriverwhenthewaterIshallow.3.permissionYoucanbatheintheswimmingpooluntilit’sclosed.

1.2.OpenareaSomenumeralsusedinbothEnglishandChinesearefuzzy,forexample:

a.Hemadeahundredapologiestomeforhisbeinglate.b.三三两两千军万马不管三七二十一Otherwords:

anoblongbarofchocolateanoblongboxanoblongmelonanoblongleaf——————————————?

?

——————————————?

rectangular（长方的）rectangular（长方的）oblong（扁长的）（扁长的）

2.AmbiguityIt’sdividedintothreetypes:

lexicalambiguity,grammaticalambiguityandpragmaticambiguity（语用歧义）.ambiguity（语用歧义）.2.1Lexicalambiguity2.1.1polysemy（一次多义）Theofficeofthepresidentisvacant.办公室总统officepresident总裁职位大学校长

2.1.2Homonym（同音异形异义）e.g.Didyougetuplate?

Didyougetaplate?

2.2Grammaticalambiguitye.g.Flyingplanescanbedangerous.whichisflying/attributiveflyingoperating/subject

2.3PragmaticambiguityInsomecontext,alanguageformwillbecomeanutterancewhenaspecificpersonuttersinaspecificcircumstance.e.g.a.Wemetthespringof2006.encountermeetawaitb.父亲：

你有几个，儿子？

儿子：

我有两个，爸爸。

c.——你有几个儿子？

——你有几个儿子？

——我有两个爸爸。

——我有两个爸爸。

2.4.Solutions2.4.1.AvoidingambiguityAnexampleofaChineseworkingasatranslatorforUNESCO.surplus“balance”deficit2.4.2.Maintainingambiguityintranslation2.4.3.AmbiguitytoambiguityI’mgoingtohavemycarwashed.washed.

3.VaguenessUsuallyvaguenessreferstoconfusedreference.e.g.MarysaystoSusanthatsheisabeautifulgirl.She——mayrefertothreeperson:

Mary,——maySusanoranothergirl.Waystoconnectit:

directspeech

Fuzzinessmaybeembodiedinwordsofdifferentpartsofspeech,intenses,passivevoices,objects,attributes,stressofwordsorsentencesandtheintonationofsentences.e.g.Johndrivestoofast.fast.fasterthanheshoulddotoofastveryfast

ClosingThisisonlyanintroductiontothiskindofgrammar.It’snotnecessarytointroduceyouallofit.It’snotmyownidea,butwhatIlearned.

AcknowledgementFengxin,ForeignLanguagesPress2001AFuzzyGrammarofEnglishWang

Thankyou.