大学英语提高课程学生用书.docx

大学英语提高课程学生用书.docx

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大学英语提高课程学生用书

UnitOneAWorkingCommunity

Preparingtoread

Beforeyoureadtheessay,takeafewminutestothinkaboutyourviewsontheconceptofcommunity:

1.WhatdoescommunitymeantoyouinChina?

2.Howdoyoudefinecommunityinyourlife?

3.Inwhatwaysarecommunitiesimportanttosociety?

neighborhoodvs.community

Text

AWorkingCommunity

byEllenGoodman

EllenGoodmanisanationallysyndicatedcolumnistandassociateeditoroftheBostonGlobe.Herreputationasafirst-ratejournalistwasconfirmedwhenshewasawardedthePulitzerPrizefordistinguishedcommentaryin1980.ThefollowingessayAWorkingCommunity,originallywrittenfortheWashingtonPost,proposesanewdefinitionof“community”.

Ihaveafriendwhoisamemberofthemedicalcommunity.Itdoesnotsaythat,ofcourse,onthestationerythatbearsherhomeaddress.Thismembershipcomesfromherhospitalwork.

Ihaveanotherfriendwhoisamemberofthecomputercommunity.Thisisafairlynewsubdivisionofoureconomy,andyethefindshissenseofplaceinit.

Otherfriendsandacquaintancesofminearemembersoftheacademiccommunity,orthebusinesscommunity,orthejournalisticcommunity.

Thoughyoucannotfindtheseonanymap,weknowwherewebelong.

Noneofus,mindyou,wasbornintothesecommunities.Nordidwemoveintothem,U-Hauling1ourpossessionsalongwithus.Nonehaspaperstoprovewearecard-carryingmembersofonesuchgrouporanother.Yetitseemsthatmoreandmoreofusareidentifiedbyworkthesedays,ratherthanbystreet.

Inthepast,mostAmericanslivedinneighborhoods.Weweremembersofprecinctsorparishesorschooldistricts.Mydictionarystilldefinescommunity,firstofallingeographicterms,as“abodyofpeoplewholiveinoneplace.”

Buttodayfewerofusdoourlivinginthatoneplace;moreofusjustuseitforsleeping.Nowwecallourtowns“bedroomsuburbs,”andmanyofus,withoutsmallchildrenasicebreakers,wouldhavetroublenamingallthepeopleonourstreet.

It’snotthatwearemoreisolatedtoday.It’sthatmanyofushavetransferredachunkofourfriendships,amajorportionofoureverydaysociallives,fromhometooffice.Asmoreofourneighborsworkawayfromhome,theworkplacebecomesourneighborhood.

Thekaffeeklatsch2ofthefiftiesisthecoffeebreakoftheeighties.Thewatercooler,thehall,theelevator,andtheparkinglotarethebackfencesoftheseneighborhoods.Thepeoplewehavelunchwithdayafterdayarethosewhoknowtherunningsagaofourmother’soperations,ourchild’smathgrades,ourfrozenpipes,andfaultytransmissions.

Wemaybestrangersatthesupermarketthatreplacedthecornergrocer,butweareknownatthecoffeeshopinthelobby.WesharewitheachotheracastofcharactersfromthebossinthecornerofficetothecrazyladyinShipping,totheloversinMarketing.It'snotsurprisingthatwhenresearchersaskAmericanswhattheylikebestaboutwork,theysayitis“theschmoosefactor3.”Whentheyaskyoungmothersathomewhattheymissmostaboutwork,itisthepeople.

Notalltheneighborhoodsareempty,noriseveryworkplaceafriendlyplayground.Mostofushavehadmixedexperiencesintheseenvironments.Yetasonewomantoldmerecently,sheknowsmoreaboutthepeopleshepassesonthewaytoherdeskthanonherwayaroundtheblock.Ournewsenseofcommunityhasn’tjustmovedfromhousetoofficebuilding.Thelabelsthatwewearconnectuswithmembersfromdistantcompanies,cities,andstates.Weassumethatwehavesomething“incommon”withotherteachers,nurses,cityplanners.

It’snotunliketheexperienceofourimmigrantgrandparents.ManywhocametothiscountrystillidentifiedthemselvesasmembersoftheItaliancommunity,theIrishcommunity,thePolishcommunity.Theysoughtoutandassumedconnectionswithpeoplefromtheoldcountry.Manyofushaveupdatedthatexperience.Wehavereplacedethnicidentitywithprofessionalidentity,thewaywereplacedneighborhoodswiththeworkplace.Thiswholerealignmentofcommunityissurelymostobviousamongthemobileprofessions.Peoplewhomovefromcitytocityseemtoputrootsdownintotheirprofessions.Inanageofspecialists,theymayhavetosearchhardertofindpeoplewhospeakthesamelanguage.

Idon’tthinkthatthereisanythingmassivelydisruptiveaboutthisshiftingsenseofcommunity.Thecontinuingsearchforconnectionandsharedenterpriseisveryhuman.ButIdofeeluncomfortablewithourshiftingidentity.Thebalancehastipped,andweseemincreasinglydependentonworkforoursenseofself.

Ifourofficesareournewneighborhoods,ifourprofessionaltitlesareournewethnictags,thenhowdoweseparateourselvesfromourjobs?

Self-worthisn’tjustsomethingtomeasureinthemarketplace.Butinthesenewcommunities,itbecomeshardertotellwhowearewithoutsayingwhatwedo.（756words）

_______________________________________

1.U-Hauling:

carryingsomethingfromoneplacetoanotherwithatruck

2.kaffeeklatsch:

anafternoongatheringforfriendstohaveacasualconversationandtosipcoffee咖啡聚会

3.Schmoosefactor:

thereasonthatpeoplecantalkcasuallyandfriendly悠闲自在谈话的因素

NewWords

stationery/'steiʃ（ə）nəri/n.specialpaperforwritingletterson信纸，信笺

subdivision/'sʌbdi,viʃən/n.oneofthesmallerpartsintowhichapartofsthhasbeendivided

分支；分部

journalistic/d3ə:

nə'listik/adj.connectedwiththeworkofajournalist新闻工作者的，新闻业的

precinct/'pri:

siŋkt/n.oneofthepartsintowhichatownorcityisdividedinordertoorganizeelections选区

parish/'pæriʃ/n.anareathathasitsownchurchandthatapriestisresponsiblefor教区

icebreaker/'aisbrekə（r）/n.astrongshipdesignedtobreakawaythroughice;sththatyousayordotomakepeoplelessnervouswhentheyfirstmeet破冰船；打破僵局的东西

isolated/'aisəleitid/adj.（ofpeople）withoutmuchcontactwithotherpeople孤独的，孤立的

saga/'sɑ:

gə/n.alongseriesofeventsoradventuresand/orareportaboutthem一连串的事件或经历

transmission/trænz'mʃiən/thesysteminamotorvehiclebywhichpowerispassedfromtheenginetothewheels变速器

cast/kɑ:

st/allthepeoplewhoactinaplayorfilm/movie全体演员

realignment/ri:

ə'laimənt/thechangeofthepositionordirectionofsthslightly调整

massively/'mæsivli/Inalargeorseriousmanner巨大地；非常严重地

disruptive/dis'rʌptiv/causingproblems,noise,etcsothatsthcannotcontinuenormally引起混乱的

enterprise/'entəpraiz/theabilitytothinkofnewprojectsandmakethemsuccessful事业心；进取心；创业精神

tip/tip/movesothatoneendorsideishigherthantheother倾斜；倾倒

PhrasesandExpressions

do/earnone’slivingprovideoneselfwithwhatisnecessaryforlife谋生

achunkofafairlylargeamountof相当大的量

transfer…to…movesthfromoneplacetoanother转移；搬迁

havesthincommonwithhavethesameinterests,ideas,etcassbelse相同；有共同点

replace…with…taketheplaceofsthwithsth;usesthinsteadofsthelse（用…）替换；（以…）接替

Exercises

I.ReadingComprehension

Answerthefollowingquestionsbasedonthetext.

1.Accordingtothefirstfourparagraphs,whathasmadepeoplebecomemembersofcertaincommunities?

2.Accordingtoparagraph6,howhasthesenseofcommunitychangedinthepastfewyears?

3.Whyarethetownscalled“bedroomsuburbs”（Para.7）?

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenshesays,“Thekaffeklatschofthefiftiesisthecoffeebreakoftheeighties”（Para.9）?

5.Whatdoesparagraph11imply?

6.Accordingtotheauthor,whatkindofexperiencedidtheimmigrantgrandparentshave?

（Para.12）

7.Whyistherealignmentofcommunitymostobviousamongthemobileprofessions?

（Para.12）8.Whatmakestheauthorfeeluncomfortable?

（Para.13）

II.StructureoftheText

Completethefollowingoutlinebasedonthetext.

1.Introduction（Paras.1-4）

Everyoneofusbelongstoacertaincommunityowingto_________________________________.

2.Body（Paras.5-12）

1）Oursenseofcommunityhaschangedfrom___________________________（Paras.5—10）

A.Inthepast,thecommunitytowhichwebelongedwasdecidedby_______________________

_______________________________________________________________.（Para5）

B.Atpresent,alargepartofourdailylivesare_______________________________________

________________________________________________________________.（Para6—10）

2）Asoursenseofcommunityhaschangedfromtheneighborhoodtotheworkplaceoursenseofidentityhasshifted_____________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________.（Paras.11-12）

3.Conclusion（Paras.13-14）

Theshiftingsenseofcommunityandidentitymakesithardforusto_____________________

_______________________________________________________________.

IV.ReadingandReciting

A.Readandrecitethefollowingparagraphsfromthetext.

Para.13andPara.14

B.Studyandrecitethefollowingsayingsorquotations.

1.Nomatterhowstrongyouare,hownotableyourattainments,youhaveenduringsignificanceonlyinyourrelationshiptoothers.----------ZieglerEdward

不管你有多么强大、你的成就多么辉煌，只有保持与他人之间的关系，这一切才有持久的意义。

2.Ourdeedsdetermineus,muchaswedetermineourdeeds.

------------GeorgeEliot

什么样的人便决定了干什么样的事；同样，干什么样的事也决定了是什么样的人。

3.Thebrotherlyspiritofscience,whichunitesintoonefamilyallitsvotariesofwhatevergrade,andhoweverwidelydispersedthroughoutthedifferentquartersoftheglobe.

---------FranklinRoosevelt

科学的博爱精神分散在世界各地、各种热爱科学的让你连接成一个大家庭。

V.Vocabulary

A.Completethesentenceswithwordsgivenbelow,makingsurethateachwordisusedintherightform.

assumespecialistidentityisolateddisruptive

updatemobileacademicethnicrealignment

1.Thecompanyhasplan