大学英语提高课程学生用书.docx

1、大学英语提高课程学生用书Unit One A Working CommunityPreparing to readBefore you read the essay, take a few minutes to think about your views on the concept of community:1. What does community mean to you in China?2. How do you define community in your life?3. In what ways are communities important to society?ne

2、ighborhood vs. communityTextA Working Communityby Ellen Goodman Ellen Goodman is a nationally syndicated columnist and associate editor of the Boston Globe. Her reputation as a first-rate journalist was confirmed when she was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for distinguished commentary in 1980. The follo

3、wing essay A Working Community, originally written for the Washington Post, proposes a new definition of “community”. I have a friend who is a member of the medical community. It does not say that, of course, on the stationery that bears her home address. This membership comes from her hospital work

4、.I have another friend who is a member of the computer community. This is a fairly new subdivision of our economy, and yet he finds his sense of place in it.Other friends and acquaintances of mine are members of the academic community, or the business community, or the journalistic community. Though

5、 you cannot find these on any map, we know where we belong.None of us, mind you, was born into these communities. Nor did we move into them, U-Hauling1 our possessions along with us. None has papers to prove we are card-carrying members of one such group or another. Yet it seems that more and more o

6、f us are identified by work these days, rather than by street. In the past, most Americans lived in neighborhoods. We were members of precincts or parishes or school districts. My dictionary still defines community, first of all in geographic terms, as “a body of people who live in one place.” But t

7、oday fewer of us do our living in that one place; more of us just use it for sleeping. Now we call our towns “bedroom suburbs,” and many of us, without small children as icebreakers, would have trouble naming all the people on our street.Its not that we are more isolated today. Its that many of us h

8、ave transferred a chunk of our friendships, a major portion of our everyday social lives, from home to office. As more of our neighbors work away from home, the workplace becomes our neighborhood.The kaffeeklatsch2 of the fifties is the coffee break of the eighties. The water cooler, the hall, the e

9、levator, and the parking lot are the back fences of these neighborhoods. The people we have lunch with day after day are those who know the running saga of our mothers operations, our childs math grades, our frozen pipes, and faulty transmissions.We may be strangers at the supermarket that replaced

10、the corner grocer, but we are known at the coffee shop in the lobby. We share with each other a cast of characters from the boss in the corner office to the crazy lady in Shipping, to the lovers in Marketing. Its not surprising that when researchers ask Americans what they like best about work, they

11、 say it is “the schmoose factor3.” When they ask young mothers at home what they miss most about work, it is the people.Not all the neighborhoods are empty, nor is every workplace a friendly playground. Most of us have had mixed experiences in these environments. Yet as one woman told me recently, s

12、he knows more about the people she passes on the way to her desk than on her way around the block. Our new sense of community hasnt just moved from house to office building. The labels that we wear connect us with members from distant companies, cities, and states. We assume that we have something “

13、in common” with other teachers, nurses, city planners.Its not unlike the experience of our immigrant grandparents. Many who came to this country still identified themselves as members of the Italian community, the Irish community, the Polish community. They sought out and assumed connections with pe

14、ople from the old country. Many of us have updated that experience. We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhoods with the workplace. This whole realignment of community is surely most obvious among the mobile professions. People who move from city to

15、 city seem to put roots down into their professions. In an age of specialists, they may have to search harder to find people who speak the same language.I dont think that there is anything massively disruptive about this shifting sense of community. The continuing search for connection and shared en

16、terprise is very human. But I do feel uncomfortable with our shifting identity. The balance has tipped, and we seem increasingly dependent on work for our sense of self.If our offices are our new neighborhoods, if our professional titles are our new ethnic tags, then how do we separate ourselves fro

17、m our jobs? Self-worth isnt just something to measure in the marketplace. But in these new communities, it becomes harder to tell who we are without saying what we do. (756 words)_1. U-Hauling: carrying something from one place to another with a truck2. kaffeeklatsch: an afternoon gathering for frie

18、nds to have a casual conversation and to sip coffee咖啡聚会3. Schmoose factor: the reason that people can talk casually and friendly悠闲自在谈话的因素New Words stationery/ stei ()nri /n. special paper for writing letters on信纸，信笺 subdivision/ sbdi,vin / n. one of the smaller parts into which a part of sth has bee

19、n divided 分支；分部journalistic/ d3: nlistik / adj. connected with the work of a journalist新闻工作者的，新闻业的 precinct/pri:sikt/n. one of the parts into which a town or city is divided in order to organize elections选区 parish/ pri /n. an area that has its own church and that a priest is responsible for 教区icebre

20、aker/ aisbrek(r )/n. a strong ship designed to break a way through ice; sth that you say or do to make people less nervous when they first meet 破冰船；打破僵局的东西isolated/ aisleitid /adj. (of people) without much contact with other people 孤独的，孤立的saga/ s:g /n. a long series of events or adventures and/or a

21、report about them 一连串的事件或经历transmission/trnzmin / the system in a motor vehicle by which power is passed from the engine to the wheels 变速器cast/ k:st / all the people who act in a play or film/movie全体演员realignment / ri:laimnt/ the change of the position or direction of sth slightly 调整massively / msiv

22、li / In a large or serious manner巨大地；非常严重地disruptive /disrptiv/ causing problems, noise, etc so that sth can not continue normally 引起混乱的enterprise/entpraiz/ the ability to think of new projects and make them successful事业心；进取心；创业精神tip /tip/ move so that one end or side is higher than the other倾斜；倾倒Ph

23、rases and Expressionsdo/earn ones living provide oneself with what is necessary for life 谋生a chunk of a fairly large amount of 相当大的量transferto move sth from one place to another 转移；搬迁have sth in common with have the same interests, ideas, etc as sb else 相同；有共同点replacewith take the place of sth with

24、sth; use sth instead of sth else(用)替换；（以）接替 Exercises I. Reading Comprehension Answer the following questions based on the text. 1. According to the first four paragraphs, what has made people become members of certain communities? 2. According to paragraph 6, how has the sense of community changed

25、in the past few years? 3. Why are the towns called “bedroom suburbs” (Para.7)? 4. What does the author mean when she says, “The kaffeklatsch of the fifties is the coffee break of the eighties” (Para.9)? 5. What does paragraph 11 imply? 6. According to the author, what kind of experience did the immi

26、grant grandparents have? (Para.12) 7. Why is the realignment of community most obvious among the mobile professions? (Para.12) 8. What makes the author feel uncomfortable? (Para.13) II. Structure of the Text Complete the following outline based on the text. 1. Introduction (Paras. 1-4) Everyone of u

27、s belongs to a certain community owing to_. 2.Body(Paras.5-12) 1) Our sense of community has changed from _(Paras. 510)A. In the past, the community to which we belonged was decided by_. (Para 5) B. At present, a large part of our daily lives are _ _. (Para610）2) As our sense of community has change

28、d from the neighborhood to the workplace our sense of identity has shifted _ _. (Paras.11-12)3. Conclusion (Paras. 13-14) The shifting sense of community and identity makes it hard for us to _.IV. Reading and Reciting A. Read and recite the following paragraphs from the text. Para. 13 and Para.14 B.

29、 Study and recite the following sayings or quotations. 1. No matter how strong you are, how notable your attainments, you have enduring significance only in your relationship to others. - Ziegler Edward 不管你有多么强大、你的成就多么辉煌，只有保持与他人之间的关系，这一切才有持久的意义。 2.Our deeds determine us, much as we determine our dee

30、ds. - George Eliot什么样的人便决定了干什么样的事；同样，干什么样的事也决定了是什么样的人。3.The brotherly spirit of science, which unites into one family all its votaries of whatever grade, and however widely dispersed throughout the different quarters of the globe. - Franklin Roosevelt科学的博爱精神分散在世界各地、各种热爱科学的让你连接成一个大家庭。V. Vocabulary A. Complete the sentences with words given below, making sure that each word is used in the right form. assume specialist identity isolated disruptive update mobile academic ethnic realignment 1. The company has plan