普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国卷Ⅰ英语.docx

普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国卷Ⅰ英语.docx

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普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国卷Ⅰ英语

2016普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷Ⅰ）·英语

总分数120分时长:

不限

题型

简答题

改错题

七选五

完形填空

语法填空

阅读理解

题量

1

1

1

1

1

4

总分

25

10

10

30

15

30

一、阅读理解（共5题,总计40分）

1.（8points）（2016）第一节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

   YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas，butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow，whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?

    JaneAddams（1860-1935）

    AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity（社区）bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneedIn1931，AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.

    RachelCarson（1907-1964）

     Ifitweren'tforRachelCarson，theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld's lakesandoceans.

    SandraDayO'Connor（1930-present）

    WhenSandraDayO'ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool，in1952，shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator（参议员）and，in1981，thefirstwomantojointhe U.S.SupremeCourt.O'Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.

    RosaParks（1913-2005）

    OnDecember1，1955，inMontgomery，Alabama，RasaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgmerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear，andkickedoffthecivil﹣rightsmovement."TheonlytiredIwas，wastiredofgivingin，"saidParks.

（1）（2points）WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory？

A.Hersocialwork．

B.Herteachingskills．

C.Hereffortstowinaprize．

D.Hercommunitybackground．

（2）（2points）WhatisthereasonforO'Connor'sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm？

A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw．

B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt．

C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen．

D.Thepoorfinancialconditions．

（3）（2points）Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil﹣rightsmovementintheUS？

A.JaneAddams.

B.RachelCarson.

C.SandraDayO'Connor.

D.RosaParks.

（4）（2points）Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?

A.Theyarehighlyeducated.

B.Theyaretrulycreative.

C.Theyarepioneers.

D.Theyarepeace﹣lovers.

2.（8points）（2016）

B

GrandparentsAnsweraCall

   Asathird﹣generationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverplannedmoveaway.EvenwhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelptheirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMs.Garzafinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemovetoasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.

   NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertothechildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObama'smother﹣in﹣law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastudy,83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson'sdecisionwillinfluencethegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two﹣thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama'sfamily.

   "Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn'tgetawayfromhomefarenoughfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,"saysChristineCrosby,publisherofGratemagazineforgrandparents."Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportanttobenearthem,especiallywhenyou'rerainingchildren."

   Movingisnotforeveryone.Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstruggling,butgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.

（1）（2points）WhywasGarza'smoveasuccess?

A.Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.

B.Itimprovedherlivingconditions.

C.Itenabledhertomakemorefriends.

D.Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.

（2）（2points）WhatwasthereactionofthepublictoMrs.Robinson'sdecision?

A.17%expressedtheirsupportforit.

B.Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.

C.83%believedithadabadinfluence.

D.Themajoritythoughtitwasatrend.

（3）（2points）WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s?

A.Theywereunsureofthemselves.

B.Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.

C.Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.

D.Theybadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparents.

（4）（2points）Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelastparagraph?

A.Makedecisionsinthebestinterests'oftheirown.

B.Asktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothem.

C.Sacrificefortheirstrugglingchildren.

D.Gettoknowthemselvesbetter.

3.（6points）（2016）

C

   IampeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012.I'vedone89tripsofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干细胞）inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast,inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor（捐献者）tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we'vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalways consciousoftime.

    IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck﹣indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:

"Well,I'mreallysorry,I'vegotsomebadnewsforyou﹣therearenofightsfromWashington."SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:

"Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient﹣please,please,you'vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom."Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmall planetobeheldforme.re﹣routed（改道）methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.

    Forthiscourierjob,you'reconsciouslyawarethanthatboxyou'regotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody'slife.

（1）（2points）Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword"courier"inParagraph1?

A.provider

B.deliveryman

C.collector

D.medicaldoctor

（2）（2points）WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?

A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.

B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.

C.Theoperationneedsthatmuchtime.

D.Theicewon'tlastanylonger.

（3）（2points）WhichflightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?

A.ToLondon

B.ToNewark

C.ToProvidence

D.ToWashington.

4.（8points）（2016）

D

   Themeaningofsilencevariesamongculturalgroups.Silencesmaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,orworry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap（间隙）withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson'sneeds.

    ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied（暗示）isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.    

   Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.

    Nursesandothercare﹣geiversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexpericencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient'ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing（治愈）valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.

（1）（2points）Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?

A.Itimpliesanger.

B.Itpromotesfriendship.

C.Itisculture﹣specific.

D.Itiscontent﹣based.

（2）（2points）Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?

A.TheChinese.

B.TheFrench.

C.TheMexicans.

D.TheRussians.

（3）（2points）Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?

A.Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.

B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.

C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.

D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.

（4）（2points）Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

A.SoundandSilence

B.WhatItMeanstoBeSilent

C.SilencetoNativeAmericans

D.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold

5.（10points）（2016）第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。

   Secretcodes（密码）keepmessagesprivate.Banks,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodesindoingbusiness