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雅思阅读精讲READINGPASSAGE1
雅思阅读讲精-READING-PASSAGE-1
Whypagodasdon'tfalldownA
Inalandsweptbytyphoonsandshakenbyearthquakes,howhaveJapan's
tallestandseeminglyflimsiest不结实的;易损坏的（原型flimsy）oldbuildings—
500orsowoodenpagodas宝塔—remainedstandingforcenturies?
Records
showthatonlytwohavecollapsedduringthepast1400years.（第1题）Thosethat
havedisappearedweredestroyedbyfireasaresultoflightningorcivilwar.The
disastrous损失惨重的Hanshinearthquakein1995killed6,400people,toppled
elevatedhighways,flattened使…成为平地officeblocksanddevastated毁灭;
摧毁theportareaofKobe.Yetitleftthemagnificentfive-storeypagodaatthe
TojitempleinnearbyKyotounscathed未受损伤;未遭伤害（第2题）thoughit
levelled夷平anumberofbuildingsintheneighborhood.
Topple:
~（over）beunsteadyandfall不稳而倒下:
Thepileofbookstoppledoverontothefloor.那一摞书倒在地板上了.
BJapanesescholarshavebeenmystifiedforagesaboutwhythesetall,slender
buildingsaresostable.Itwasonlythirtyyearsagothatthebuildingindustryfelt
confidentenoughtoerectofficeblocksofsteelandreinforcedconcretethathad
morethanadozenfloors.（第3题）Withitsspecialshockabsorbers减震器to
抑制theeffectofsuddensidewaysmovementsfromanearthquake,
dampenthethirty-six-storeyKasumigasekibuildingincentralTokyo—Japan'sfirst
skyscraper摩天楼—wasconsideredamasterpieceofmodernengineeringwhen
itwasbuiltin1968.
【重要词汇】mystify/?
m?
st?
fa?
;ˋm?
st?
?
fa?
/v（pt,pp-fied）[Tn]make（sb）
confusedthroughlackofunderstanding;puzzle;bewilder使（某人）困惑不解;
使迷惑:
I'mmystified;Ijustcan'tseehowhedidit.我大惑不解,就是不明白他是怎麽做到的.*hermystifyingdisappearance她神秘的失踪.
dampen（down）
tomakesomethingsuchasafeelingoractivitylessstrong
Thelightraindampenedthecrowd'senthusiasm.
Raisinginterestratesmightdampentheeconomy.
tomakeasoundormovementlessloudorstrong
Thespringdampenstheshockoftheimpact.
CYetin826,withonlypegs短桩andwedges楔子tokeephiswoodenstructure
upright,themasterbuilderKobodaishihadnohesitationinsendinghismajestic雄伟的Tojipagodasoaringfifty-fivemetresintothesky—nearlyhalfas
highastheKasumigasekiskyscraperbuiltsomeelevencenturieslater.Clearly,
aboutallowingabuildingtoJapanesecarpentersofthedayknewafewtricks
swayandsettleitselfratherthanfightnature'sforces.
Butwhatsortoftricks?
（第4题）
Themulti-storeypagodacametoJapanfromChinainthesixthcentury.AsinD
towereattachedwithBuddhismandChina,theywerefirstintroduced
TheChinesebuilttheirpagodasinbrickorstone,with题）.（第9importanttemples
题和（第5innerstaircases,andusedtheminlatercenturiesmainlyaswatchtowers.WhenthepagodareachedJapan,however,itsarchitecturewas题）瞭望塔第7fivetypicallybuiltlesshigh,localconditions—theyweretofreelyadapted
ratherthanninestoreys,mademainlyofwoodandthestaircasewasdispensed
anyhavepagodadidnotwithbecausetheJapanese题）（第5免除，省掉thattyphoonsoftheofanartobject.Becausemorepracticalusebutbecame
JapanesebuilderslearnedtoextendtheJapaninthesummer,batter接连猛击
preventsThis题）walls.（第6屋檐eavesofbuildingsfurtherbeyondthe
andinChinadownthewalls.Pagodasgushingrainwater流出,泻出,涌出KoreahavenothingliketheoverhangthatisfoundonpagodasinJapan.
用不【重要词组】dispensewithsb/sthmanagewithoutsb/sth;getridofsb/sth
Heisnotyetwellenoughtodispensewiththe]:
摆脱某人[某事物着某人[某事物];
.,pills.他尚未痊愈仍需吃药
:
（新环境等）adapte（oneself）（tosth）becomeadjustedtonewconditions,etc适应.Oureyesslowlyadaptedtothedark.我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗的环境partthatoverhangsn?
hæ?
/uv?
?
?
hæ?
;ˋov?
【重要词汇】overhang/.abird'snestundertheoverhangoftheroof房檐下的鸟巢悬垂的部分:
ETheroofofaJapanesetemplebuildingcanbemadetooverhangthesidesof
题）（第8thestructurebyfiftypercentormoreofthebuilding'soverallwidth.
furtherhaveseemJapanesepagodastotheForsamereason,thebuildersof
thewitheavesnotchoosingbytocovertheseextendedincreasedtheirweight
heaviermuchpagodasChinesebutwith瓦porcelain瓷tilesofmanytiles.
earthenware陶器
TheroofofaJapanesetemplebuildingcanbemadetooverhang【难句解析】thesidesofthestructurebyfiftypercentormoreofthebuilding'soverallwidth.theroof…canbemadeto….by…句子结构日本寺庙的屋顶可以被建造成各面都延伸出庙宇本身，延伸的范围在该寺庙整或者更多。
50%体宽度的
FButthisdoesnottotallyexplainthegreatresilience弹性ofJapanesepagodas.
Istheanswerthat,likeatallpinetree,theJapanesepagoda—withitsmassive
trunk-likecentralpillar柱子knownasshinbashira—simplyflexes伸缩，弯曲
andsways摇动,摇摆duringatyphoonorearthquake?
Forcenturies,many
thoughtso.Buttheanswerisnotsosimple（11题B选项）becausethestartling
不负重atall.theshinbashiraactuallycarriesnoload令人吃惊的thingisthat
（11题A选项）Infact,insomepagodadesigns,itdoesnotevenrestonthe
ground接触地面,butissuspended悬挂fromthetopofthepagoda—hanging
looselydownthroughthemiddleofthebuilding.（11题C选项）Theweightof
thebuildingissupportedentirelybytwelveouterandfourinnercolumns.
GAndwhatistheroleoftheshinbashira,thecentralpillar?
Thebestwayto
understandtheshinbashira'sroleistowatchavideomadebyShuzoIshida,a
structuralengineeratKyotoInstituteofTechnology.MrIshida,knowntohis
studentsas'ProfessorPagoda'becauseofhispassiontounderstandthepagoda,
hasbuiltaseriesofmodelsandtestedthemona'shake-table'inhislaboratory.
Inshort,theshinbashirawasactinglikeanenormousstationarypendulum钟摆.
Theancientcraftsmen,apparentlywithouttheassistanceofveryadvanced
mathematics,seemedtograsptheprinciplesthatwere,morethanathousand
yearslater,appliedintheconstructionofJapan'sfirstskyscraper.Whatthose
earlycraftsmenhadfoundbytrialanderrorwasthatunderpressureapagoda's
loosestackoffloorscouldbemadetoslithertoandfro来回地;往复地independentofoneanother.Viewedfromtheside,thepagodaseemedtobe
doingasnakedance—witheachconsecutive连续的floormovinginthe
oppositedirectiontoitsneighboursaboveandbelow.Theshinbashira,running
upthroughaholeinthecentreofthebuilding,constrainedindividualstoreys
frommovingtoofarbecause,aftermovingacertaindistance,theybangedintoit,
transmittingenergyawayalongthecolumn.（11题D选项）
【重要词汇】Stack：
pileorheap,usuneatlyarranged堆,摞（通常指堆放得整齐的）:
awoodstack木材堆*astackofnewspapers
slither：
slideorslipunsteadily摇晃不稳地滑动或滑行:
slitheringdangerously（on
themuddypath）（在泥泞的路上）危险地滑行*
【重要词组】bangintosb/sthcollidewithsb/sthviolently猛撞着某人[某物]:
He
ranroundthecornerandbangedstraightintoalamp-post.他跑过拐角处时迎面撞在灯柱上.
【难句解析】Theancientcraftsmen,apparently
withouttheassistanceofveryadvanced
mathematics,seemedtograsptheprinciples
thatwere,morethanathousandyearslater,
appliedintheconstructionofJapan'sfirst
skyscraper.古代的工匠在明显没有先进的数学知识的情况下，似乎已经掌握了一千年以后应用于日本第一摩天大楼的理论。
H
AnotherstrangefeatureoftheJapanesepagodaisthat,becausethebuilding
逐渐尖细,witheachsuccessivefloorplanbeingsmallerthantheone
tapersbelow,noneofthevertical垂直的pillarsthatcarrytheweightofthebuildingis
connectedtoitscorrespondingpillarabove.Inotherwords,afive-storeypagoda
containsnotevenonepillarthattravelsrightupthroughthebuildingtocarry
thestructuralloadsfromthetoptothebottom.Moresurprisingisthefactthat
theindividualstoreysofaJapanesepagoda,unliketheircounterpartselsewhere,
arenotactuallyconnectedtoeachother.Theyaresimplystacked堆积oneon
topofanotherlikeapileofhats.Interestingly,suchadesignwouldnotbe
permittedundercurrentJapanesebuildingregulations.（第10题和第13题）
I
Andtheextra-wideeaves?
Thinkofthemasatightropewalker's走钢丝表演者
balancingpole平衡杆.Thebiggerthemass重物ateachendofthepole,the
easieritisforthetightropewalkertomaintainhisorherbalance.Thesame
holdstrueforapagoda.'Withtheeavesextendingoutonallsideslikebalancing
poles,'saysMrIshida,'thebuildingrespondstoeventhemostpowerfuljoltof
anearthquakewithagracefulswaying,neveranabruptshaking.'Hereagain,
Japanesemasterbuildersofathousandyearsagoanticipated预见到conceptsofmodernstructuralengineering.【重要词组】holdtrue=remainvalid,
applicableorunchanged
Questions1-4
Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththe
claimsofthewriterinReadingPassage1?
In
boxes1-4onyouranswersheet,writeYES
theagreeswiththeclaimsofstatementifthe
writerNO
thecontradictstheclaimsofifthestatement
writerthesaywhatisNOTGIVENifitimpossibleto
writerthinksaboutthis
1OnlytwoJapanesepagodashavecollapsedin
YES1400years.
haveonlyshow解析：
原文：
Recordstwothat
collapsedduringthepast1400years.
2
thedestroyedHanshinearthquakeof1995The
NOpagodaattheTojitemple.
Yetitleftthemagnificentfive-storey原文：
解析：
pagodaattheTojitempleinnearbyKyoto
unscathed未受损伤;未遭伤害
3TheotherbuildingsneartheTojipagodahad
beenbuiltinthelast30years.NOTGIVEN这两个单词。
但B段提到了thirtyyears解析：
周围建筑的就年代。
原Tojipagoda是并为提及文如下buildingthattheItwasonlythirtyyearsago
officetoenoughindustryfeltconfidenterect
blocksofsteelandreinforcedconcretethathad
morethanadozenfloors.
4Thebuildersofpagodasknewhowtoabsorb
weatherbysomeofthepowersevereproduced
conditions.YESClearly,Japanesecarpentersofthe解析：
原文：
d
升级会员 