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大学英语Unit8
Unit8
DifficultSentences
1.SecretsofStraight-AStudents
Whoarecalled“straight-Astudents”?
(=Astraight-Astudentissomeonewhoregularlygetsthebestmarksforalloftheirworkinschoolorcollege.)
TranslatethetitleintoChinese.
(=全优生的秘诀)
2.…,itisfarmoreimportantforastudenttoknowhowtomakethemostofhisorherinnateabilities.
Whatisthepartofspeechoftheword“far”?
Whatdoesitmean?
(=It’sanadverb.Itmeansverymuch.Itcanbeusedtomodifysomeadjectives,suchasfarless/better/easier,andtomodifysomeprepositions,suchasfarabove/below/beyond.
Moreexamples:
*Itwouldtakemefartoolongtoexplain.
*Thenewsystemisfarbetterthantheoldone.
*Heboughtitforapricethatwasfarbeyond(=muchmorethan)itsrealvalue.)
Paraphrase“makethemostofhisorherinnateabilities”.
(=Togetasmuchadvantageasonecanfromone’sinnateabilities.)
3.Studytimeisnevercompromisedforphonecalls,televisionprogrammesorsnacks.Inotherwords,itisalwaysplacedaboverecreation.
Whatkindofstudyhabitdoestheauthordescribe?
Talkaboutitinyourownwords.
(=Nevermakephonecalls,watchtelevisionorhavesnackswhenit’stimetostudy.Studyisforeverthefirstchoice.)
4.Theymustknowhowtopaceeachassignmentorprojectaccordingtotheirdailytimetableandworkabilitysothattheymightnotbeoverwhelmedbythetasksathand.
Whatcanyouinferfromtheexpression“topaceeachassignmentorprojectaccordingtotheirdailytimetableandworkability”?
(=Ourtimeandenergyarelimited,sowehavetoorganizeourassignmentsandactivitiesskillfullysothatwedonothavetoomuchtodoandstillhaveenergyleftneartheend.)
Paraphrase“thetasksathand”.
(=Tasksthatneedtobedealtwithnow.)
5.Anotherwinningformulawhichteacherspromoteliesinastudent’sabilitytohandinneatwork.
Whatdoes“formula”originallymean?
Whatdoesitrefertohere?
(=Formulameansalistofthesubstancesusedtomakeamedicine,drink,etc.Herewinningformulareferstoamethodthatleadstosuccess.)
6.Accordingtooneprofessor,thestudentwhoturnsinneatworkisalreadyonthewaytoscoringanA.
Whatcanweinferfrom“isalreadyonthewaytoscoringanA”?
(=ItisverylikelythatthestudentwillgetanA.)
7.Theexperimentalsoilluminatedthevalueofhypotheticaltestsconductedamongthestudentsandontheirown.
Whatisa“hypotheticaltest”?
(=Ahypotheticaltestisatestthatisnotreal,butthatmighthappen.)
TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.
(=研究也证明了学生间互相进行模拟测试或自我测试的好处。
)
8.Expertsconfirmedthatstudentswhodevisepossibletestquestionsoftenfindmanyofthesamequestionsduringtherealexaminationandthusscorehigher.
Whatisthebenefitofdevisingpossibletestquestions?
(=Bydevisingquestionsthatmightpossiblyappearinthetest,thestudentsundertakeathoroughreviewofwhatthey’velearnedandbecomebetterpreparedfortherealtest.)
9.Thelattersethighstandardsfortheirchildrenandheldthemtothosestandards.
Paraphrase“heldthemtothosestandards”.
(=Helpedthemliveuptothestandards.)
10.Theyimpressedthelessonsofresponsibilityontheirchildren,andthechildrendelivered.
Explainthepart“impressedthelessonsofresponsibilityontheirchildren”.
(=“Impresssomethingonsomebody”meanstomaketheimportanceofsomethingcleartosomeone.Theparentsmadeitcleartotheirchildrenthatresponsibilityisveryimportant.)
Whatdoes“deliver”mean?
(=Itmeanstoprovidesomethingpromisedorexpected.)
TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.
(=他们使孩子们铭记肩负的责任,而孩子们则将其付诸实践。
)
WordsandExpressions
1.conduct:
vt.carryoutordirect;gowithandguideorlead
*Weareconductingasurveyofconsumerattitudestowardsorganicfood.
*Isitreallynecessarytoconductexperimentsonanimals?
Collocation:
conductameeting主持会议
conductaninvestigation进行调查
2.innate:
adj.(ofaquality)whichsomeonewasbornwith
*Thekidshaveaninnatecuriosityaboutthephysicalworld.
孩子具有天生的学习语言的能力。
(=Childrenhaveaninnateabilitytolearnlanguage.)
3.attain:
vt.gainorarriveat,esp.afterlongeffort;reach
*Indiaattainedindependencein1947.
*Iwouldtellthemthattheycouldattainlevelsofqualityandcustomersatisfactiongreaterthantheyhadeverimagined.
CF:
attain,achieve&accomplish
这三个动词均有“达到、完成”之意。
attain指努力去达成或实现目标,常指事先没有确信会成功而去追求的目标。
例如:
*Shefinallyattainedherends.她终于达到了她的目的。
*Kacyattainedtherankofdeputydirector.凯茜当上副经理了。
achieve指由于功绩或努力而理所当然应该得到的成功。
例如:
*Hewillneverachievehisobjectivesifhedoesnotworkharder.如果不加倍努力的话,他永远也实现不了他的目标。
accomplish指完成规定的任务。
例如:
*Heaccomplishedthebuildingofthebookcase.他做完了一个书橱。
4.academic:
adj.concerningeducation,esp.collegeoruniversitylevel;beingorbasedonsubjectsthataretaughttodevelopthemindratherthantoprovidepracticalskills
*Hernameiswellknowninacademiccircles.
*Teachersmustprovidechallengingactivitiesfortheirmoreacademicpupils.
麦克没有工作而且毫无学术成就。
(=Mikewasunemployed,andhadnoacademicachievement.)
Collocation:
academicresearch学术研究
anacademicdegree学位
anacademicdiscussion学术讨论
anacademicyear学年
5.principle:
n.atruthorbeliefthatisacceptedasabaseforreasoningoraction;thegeneralrulesonwhichaskill,science,etc.isbased,andwhichabeginnermustunderstand
*Hepridedhimselfonhishighmoralprinciples(=strongideasabouthowitisrightorwrongtobehave).
*Schoolstrytoteachchildrenasetofprinciples.
Collocation:
againstsomebody’sprinciples违背原则
*It’sagainstmyprinciplestoacceptgiftsfromclients.从客户那里接受礼物有违我的原则。
apersonofprinciple有原则的人
*Heconsideredhimselftobeamanofprinciple.他认为自己是一个有原则的人。
inprinciple原则上
*Inprinciple,thenewsoftwareshouldmaketheaccountingsystemalotsimpler.原则上,这个新的软件应当使会计系统简便很多。
6.priority:
n.somethingthatneedsattention,consideration,service,etc.beforeothers
*Afterseveralburglariesinthearea,securityisnowahighpriority.
*Withsolittlemoneyavailable,repairsmustremainalowpriority.
我们应当优先考虑孩子。
(=Thechildrenareourfirstpriority.)
Collocation:
afirst/top/mainpriority优先考虑的问题
*Roadbuildingisatoppriority.道路建设是应最优先考虑的事情。
priorityover比……优先
*Thisprojecthaspriorityoverothers.这个项目应放在其他一切项目之上。
7.compromise:
vi.dosomethingthatisagainstone’sprinciplesordoesnotreachthestandardsthatonehasset
*Thecaptainrefusedtocompromiseonanyofhisdemands.
*Sheadmittedthatshewasunabletocompromise.
*Theemployerswillhavetobereadytocompromiseiftheywanttoavoidastrike.
Collocation:
compromisewith和某人妥协
*Wecannotcompromisewiththosewhoseprinciplesaredirectlyopposedtoourown.我们不能和在原则方面与我们针锋相对的人妥协。
compromiseon在某事上妥协
*ThePresidentmightbewillingtocompromiseondefensespending.总统可能愿意在国防开支上妥协。
8.recreation:
n.[C;U](aformof)amusementandenjoyment;wayofspendingfreetime
*Vancouverisacitymoreintunewithoutdoorrecreationthanculturalinstitutions.
他唯一的消遣方式就是喝啤酒和看足球。
(=Hisonlyrecreationsaredrinkingbeerandwatchingfootball.)
*Theyseetheoutdoorsasarecreationactivity,notajobopportunity.
CF:
recreation,pastime&hobby
这三个名词均有“闲暇时间的活动”之意。
recreation指娱乐性放松,其含义包括了体育锻炼。
例如:
*Holidaycentersofferavarietyofrecreationsthatincludefolkdancing,swimmingandboating.度假中心提供各种各样的娱乐,包括民间舞蹈、游泳和划船。
pastime指为消磨闲暇所做的任何事情,代表着几乎没有什么价值的活动。
例如:
*Heinsistedthathispaintingwasmerelyapastimethatkepthimfrombeingbored.他认为他画画只是为了摆脱无聊的一种消遣罢了。
hobby指一种完善而具体的知识或对有些领域很在行的活动,尤指收集或修补活动,经常由自己在家里做。
例如:
*Susan’shobbiesincludereading,cooking,anddrama.苏珊的爱好有阅读、烹饪和戏剧。
9.addition:
n.theactofadding,esp.ofaddingnumberstogether;somethingadded
*Additionsaremadetothelistfromtimetotime.
*Inthelastthreemonthstherehasbeenanewadditiontothefamily—ourdaughter,Rachel.
Collocation:
inaddition此外,另外
*Thebossforcedhimtoworksixteenhoursadayandbeathiminaddition.老板强迫他一天工作16个小时,而且还要打他。
inadditionto除了……之外
*Inadditiontohissalary,heearnsalotfromroyalties.除了工资,他还挣不少版税。
CF:
addition&accretion
这两个名词均有“增加、增添”之意。
addition指数目的增加,或一样东西与另一样东西的相加。
例如:
*Theadditionofflourwillthickengravy.加些面粉可使肉汁变稠。
accretion指自然的增加,尤指外层附加物的添加。
例如:
*Amineralaugmentsbyaccretion.矿物因增生而增大。
*Aglacierisformedbytheaccretionofmanyparticlesoffrozenpackedsnow.冰川是由许多冻实的小雪块相加而形成的。
10.thrive:
v.developwellandbehealthy,strong,orsuccessful
*Mostherbsneeddirectsunalldayinordertothrive.
*TheITexplosionmeansthattelecommunicationscompaniesarethriving.
NB:
注意该词的词性变化,它的形容词形式为thriving。
例如:
athrivingcompany
athrivingtouristindustry
11.consistency:
n.thestateofalwayskeepingtothesameprinciplesorcourseofaction
*Consumergroupsaredemandinggreaterconsistencyinthelabelingoffoodproducts.
(=消费者组织要求食品标签有更高的一致性。
)
*Consistencyofperformancedependsonseveralfactors.
12.perform:
vt.
1)do;carryout(apieceofwork,duty,ceremony,etc.),esp.accordingtoausualorestablishedmethod
*TheoperationwasperformedbyateamofsurgeonsatBrooksHospital.
*Studentsperformincreasinglydifficulttasksasthecoursecontinues.
*SurgerywasperformedFridaytocorrecttheheartdefects.
2)give,act,orshow(aplay,apartinaplay,apieceofmusic,tricks,etc.),esp.inthepresenceofthepublic
*Theoperawasperformedinover100cities.
Collocation:
performastudy/experiment/analysis进行一项研究/实验/分析
*Ananalysisofthesurveydatawasperformed.调查数据经过了分析。
performatask/job/duty履行任务/职责
*Shewasfiredfornotperformingthe