大学英语Unit 8.docx

大学英语Unit 8.docx

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大学英语Unit8

Unit8

DifficultSentences

1.SecretsofStraight-AStudents

Whoarecalled“straight-Astudents”?

（=Astraight-Astudentissomeonewhoregularlygetsthebestmarksforalloftheirworkinschoolorcollege.）

TranslatethetitleintoChinese.

（=全优生的秘诀）

2.…,itisfarmoreimportantforastudenttoknowhowtomakethemostofhisorherinnateabilities.

Whatisthepartofspeechoftheword“far”?

Whatdoesitmean?

（=It’sanadverb.Itmeansverymuch.Itcanbeusedtomodifysomeadjectives,suchasfarless/better/easier,andtomodifysomeprepositions,suchasfarabove/below/beyond.

Moreexamples:

*Itwouldtakemefartoolongtoexplain.

*Thenewsystemisfarbetterthantheoldone.

*Heboughtitforapricethatwasfarbeyond（=muchmorethan）itsrealvalue.）

Paraphrase“makethemostofhisorherinnateabilities”.

（=Togetasmuchadvantageasonecanfromone’sinnateabilities.）

3.Studytimeisnevercompromisedforphonecalls,televisionprogrammesorsnacks.Inotherwords,itisalwaysplacedaboverecreation.

Whatkindofstudyhabitdoestheauthordescribe?

Talkaboutitinyourownwords.

（=Nevermakephonecalls,watchtelevisionorhavesnackswhenit’stimetostudy.Studyisforeverthefirstchoice.）

4.Theymustknowhowtopaceeachassignmentorprojectaccordingtotheirdailytimetableandworkabilitysothattheymightnotbeoverwhelmedbythetasksathand.

Whatcanyouinferfromtheexpression“topaceeachassignmentorprojectaccordingtotheirdailytimetableandworkability”?

（=Ourtimeandenergyarelimited,sowehavetoorganizeourassignmentsandactivitiesskillfullysothatwedonothavetoomuchtodoandstillhaveenergyleftneartheend.）

Paraphrase“thetasksathand”.

（=Tasksthatneedtobedealtwithnow.）

5.Anotherwinningformulawhichteacherspromoteliesinastudent’sabilitytohandinneatwork.

Whatdoes“formula”originallymean?

Whatdoesitrefertohere?

（=Formulameansalistofthesubstancesusedtomakeamedicine,drink,etc.Herewinningformulareferstoamethodthatleadstosuccess.）

6.Accordingtooneprofessor,thestudentwhoturnsinneatworkisalreadyonthewaytoscoringanA.

Whatcanweinferfrom“isalreadyonthewaytoscoringanA”?

（=ItisverylikelythatthestudentwillgetanA.）

7.Theexperimentalsoilluminatedthevalueofhypotheticaltestsconductedamongthestudentsandontheirown.

Whatisa“hypotheticaltest”?

（=Ahypotheticaltestisatestthatisnotreal,butthatmighthappen.）

TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.

（=研究也证明了学生间互相进行模拟测试或自我测试的好处。

）

8.Expertsconfirmedthatstudentswhodevisepossibletestquestionsoftenfindmanyofthesamequestionsduringtherealexaminationandthusscorehigher.

Whatisthebenefitofdevisingpossibletestquestions?

（=Bydevisingquestionsthatmightpossiblyappearinthetest,thestudentsundertakeathoroughreviewofwhatthey’velearnedandbecomebetterpreparedfortherealtest.）

9.Thelattersethighstandardsfortheirchildrenandheldthemtothosestandards.

Paraphrase“heldthemtothosestandards”.

（=Helpedthemliveuptothestandards.）

10.Theyimpressedthelessonsofresponsibilityontheirchildren,andthechildrendelivered.

Explainthepart“impressedthelessonsofresponsibilityontheirchildren”.

（=“Impresssomethingonsomebody”meanstomaketheimportanceofsomethingcleartosomeone.Theparentsmadeitcleartotheirchildrenthatresponsibilityisveryimportant.）

Whatdoes“deliver”mean?

（=Itmeanstoprovidesomethingpromisedorexpected.）

TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.

（=他们使孩子们铭记肩负的责任，而孩子们则将其付诸实践。

）

WordsandExpressions

1.conduct:

vt.carryoutordirect;gowithandguideorlead

*Weareconductingasurveyofconsumerattitudestowardsorganicfood.

*Isitreallynecessarytoconductexperimentsonanimals?

Collocation:

conductameeting主持会议

conductaninvestigation进行调查

2.innate:

adj.（ofaquality）whichsomeonewasbornwith

*Thekidshaveaninnatecuriosityaboutthephysicalworld.

孩子具有天生的学习语言的能力。

（=Childrenhaveaninnateabilitytolearnlanguage.）

3.attain:

vt.gainorarriveat,esp.afterlongeffort;reach

*Indiaattainedindependencein1947.

*Iwouldtellthemthattheycouldattainlevelsofqualityandcustomersatisfactiongreaterthantheyhadeverimagined.

CF:

attain,achieve&accomplish

这三个动词均有“达到、完成”之意。

attain指努力去达成或实现目标，常指事先没有确信会成功而去追求的目标。

例如:

*Shefinallyattainedherends.她终于达到了她的目的。

*Kacyattainedtherankofdeputydirector.凯茜当上副经理了。

achieve指由于功绩或努力而理所当然应该得到的成功。

例如:

*Hewillneverachievehisobjectivesifhedoesnotworkharder.如果不加倍努力的话，他永远也实现不了他的目标。

accomplish指完成规定的任务。

例如:

*Heaccomplishedthebuildingofthebookcase.他做完了一个书橱。

4.academic:

adj.concerningeducation,esp.collegeoruniversitylevel;beingorbasedonsubjectsthataretaughttodevelopthemindratherthantoprovidepracticalskills

*Hernameiswellknowninacademiccircles.

*Teachersmustprovidechallengingactivitiesfortheirmoreacademicpupils.

麦克没有工作而且毫无学术成就。

（=Mikewasunemployed,andhadnoacademicachievement.）

Collocation:

academicresearch学术研究

anacademicdegree学位

anacademicdiscussion学术讨论

anacademicyear学年

5.principle:

n.atruthorbeliefthatisacceptedasabaseforreasoningoraction;thegeneralrulesonwhichaskill,science,etc.isbased,andwhichabeginnermustunderstand

*Hepridedhimselfonhishighmoralprinciples（=strongideasabouthowitisrightorwrongtobehave）.

*Schoolstrytoteachchildrenasetofprinciples.

Collocation:

againstsomebody’sprinciples违背原则

*It’sagainstmyprinciplestoacceptgiftsfromclients.从客户那里接受礼物有违我的原则。

apersonofprinciple有原则的人

*Heconsideredhimselftobeamanofprinciple.他认为自己是一个有原则的人。

inprinciple原则上

*Inprinciple,thenewsoftwareshouldmaketheaccountingsystemalotsimpler.原则上，这个新的软件应当使会计系统简便很多。

6.priority:

n.somethingthatneedsattention,consideration,service,etc.beforeothers

*Afterseveralburglariesinthearea,securityisnowahighpriority.

*Withsolittlemoneyavailable,repairsmustremainalowpriority.

我们应当优先考虑孩子。

（=Thechildrenareourfirstpriority.）

Collocation:

afirst/top/mainpriority优先考虑的问题

*Roadbuildingisatoppriority.道路建设是应最优先考虑的事情。

priorityover比……优先

*Thisprojecthaspriorityoverothers.这个项目应放在其他一切项目之上。

7.compromise:

vi.dosomethingthatisagainstone’sprinciplesordoesnotreachthestandardsthatonehasset

*Thecaptainrefusedtocompromiseonanyofhisdemands.

*Sheadmittedthatshewasunabletocompromise.

*Theemployerswillhavetobereadytocompromiseiftheywanttoavoidastrike.

Collocation:

compromisewith和某人妥协

*Wecannotcompromisewiththosewhoseprinciplesaredirectlyopposedtoourown.我们不能和在原则方面与我们针锋相对的人妥协。

compromiseon在某事上妥协

*ThePresidentmightbewillingtocompromiseondefensespending.总统可能愿意在国防开支上妥协。

8.recreation:

n.[C;U]（aformof）amusementandenjoyment;wayofspendingfreetime

*Vancouverisacitymoreintunewithoutdoorrecreationthanculturalinstitutions.

他唯一的消遣方式就是喝啤酒和看足球。

（=Hisonlyrecreationsaredrinkingbeerandwatchingfootball.）

*Theyseetheoutdoorsasarecreationactivity,notajobopportunity.

CF:

recreation,pastime&hobby

这三个名词均有“闲暇时间的活动”之意。

recreation指娱乐性放松，其含义包括了体育锻炼。

例如:

*Holidaycentersofferavarietyofrecreationsthatincludefolkdancing,swimmingandboating.度假中心提供各种各样的娱乐，包括民间舞蹈、游泳和划船。

pastime指为消磨闲暇所做的任何事情，代表着几乎没有什么价值的活动。

例如:

*Heinsistedthathispaintingwasmerelyapastimethatkepthimfrombeingbored.他认为他画画只是为了摆脱无聊的一种消遣罢了。

hobby指一种完善而具体的知识或对有些领域很在行的活动，尤指收集或修补活动，经常由自己在家里做。

例如:

*Susan’shobbiesincludereading,cooking,anddrama.苏珊的爱好有阅读、烹饪和戏剧。

9.addition:

n.theactofadding,esp.ofaddingnumberstogether;somethingadded

*Additionsaremadetothelistfromtimetotime.

*Inthelastthreemonthstherehasbeenanewadditiontothefamily—ourdaughter,Rachel.

Collocation:

inaddition此外，另外

*Thebossforcedhimtoworksixteenhoursadayandbeathiminaddition.老板强迫他一天工作16个小时，而且还要打他。

inadditionto除了……之外

*Inadditiontohissalary,heearnsalotfromroyalties.除了工资，他还挣不少版税。

CF:

addition&accretion

这两个名词均有“增加、增添”之意。

addition指数目的增加，或一样东西与另一样东西的相加。

例如:

*Theadditionofflourwillthickengravy.加些面粉可使肉汁变稠。

accretion指自然的增加，尤指外层附加物的添加。

例如：

*Amineralaugmentsbyaccretion.矿物因增生而增大。

*Aglacierisformedbytheaccretionofmanyparticlesoffrozenpackedsnow.冰川是由许多冻实的小雪块相加而形成的。

10.thrive:

v.developwellandbehealthy,strong,orsuccessful

*Mostherbsneeddirectsunalldayinordertothrive.

*TheITexplosionmeansthattelecommunicationscompaniesarethriving.

NB:

注意该词的词性变化，它的形容词形式为thriving。

例如：

athrivingcompany

athrivingtouristindustry

11.consistency:

n.thestateofalwayskeepingtothesameprinciplesorcourseofaction

*Consumergroupsaredemandinggreaterconsistencyinthelabelingoffoodproducts.

（=消费者组织要求食品标签有更高的一致性。

）

*Consistencyofperformancedependsonseveralfactors.

12.perform:

vt.

1）do;carryout（apieceofwork,duty,ceremony,etc.）,esp.accordingtoausualorestablishedmethod

*TheoperationwasperformedbyateamofsurgeonsatBrooksHospital.

*Studentsperformincreasinglydifficulttasksasthecoursecontinues.

*SurgerywasperformedFridaytocorrecttheheartdefects.

2）give,act,orshow（aplay,apartinaplay,apieceofmusic,tricks,etc.）,esp.inthepresenceofthepublic

*Theoperawasperformedinover100cities.

Collocation:

performastudy/experiment/analysis进行一项研究/实验/分析

*Ananalysisofthesurveydatawasperformed.调查数据经过了分析。

performatask/job/duty履行任务/职责

*Shewasfiredfornotperformingthe