新世纪研究生英语教程综合英语第五版课后考试题答案.docx

新世纪研究生英语教程综合英语第五版课后考试题答案.docx

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新世纪研究生英语教程综合英语第五版课后考试题答案

Unit2TheNewEconomicsofOil

1.Whywon'toilpricesriseatalloverthelongtime?

Firstly,becauseproducersneedthecashfromoiltoomuchtolettheirsupplybeinterruptedforlong.Secondly,andmoreimportant,becausedemandgrowthcan'tpushpricesupwardaslongasitisbalancedbysupplygrowth.

2.Whycan'tthemembersoftheOPECraiseoilprices?

Becauseiftheydo,non-OPECsourceswillgrabmarketsharebydevelopingfieldswheretechnologyhasmadeproductionaffordable.

3.Whyhavemostmajorscuttheircostsonoil?

Becausetechnologyletsthecompaniesmaintainhealthyearningsatsteadilyloweroilprices.

4.Whotakesaleadintheoilcompanies?

Thosethatmastertechnologyandefficiency,suchasShell,Exxon,andBritishPetroleum.

U6Themythofthepaperlessoffice

1.Whatarethedisadvantagesofpaperaccordingtotheauthor?

Papertakesuppreciousspace,canbeinonlyoneplaceatatime,isextremelyhardtoindexorsearchthrough,andlacksalltheinteractivityandlinkingabilityofhypertext.

2.Whatarethemajorcategoriesoffilesinanoffice?

Intheoffice,filescanbemainlyclassifiedintohotfiles,documentstobeactedonimmediately;warmfiles,stillactivebutoflessurgencyandcoldfiles,documentsthatdon’tneedimmediateattention.

3.Whyisitunpleasanttoreadsomethingonacomputerscreen?

Becausetherearesuchannoyancesastherelativelyfuzzytype,glare,theneedtoscrollrepeatedly,thescreen’srelativelyfixedpositionandsoforth.

4.Whataretheessentialproblemsinusingcomputersinpolicesdepartments?

First,thepolicefoundtheyspentsomuchtimedealingwiththecomputerinterfacethattheyfellshortinlisteningandtalkingtovictims,anessentialactivitybothforofferingcomfortandforpickingupsubtlecluestowhatexactlyhadhappened.Second,thegoalofpromptreportingwascompromisedbythefactthatpolicekeptrevisingtheirreportsafterfilingthem.

5.Whatarethereasonsforpeople’schimeraofgoingpaperlessaccordingtotheauthor?

Firstly,peoplewhocanprofitfromtheideakeepsellingittous.Secondly,alltechnologiescomedowntoourtryingtogetwhatwewant,whatwedesire.Andmuchofwhatwedesirecomesdowntotakingcontrolofourlives,doingwhatwepleasewithoutbeingoverwhelmedbywhatwedon’tplease.

6.Whycannotcomputersreplacepaperinanoffice?

First,paperhassomehiddenadvantagesovercomputersespeciallyinthefollowingthreeaspects—reading,writingandpersonalsatisfactionindelivery.Furthermore,computerscan’treplacepapercompletelyinsomeactivitiessuchasair-trafficcontrolandwritinguppolicereports.

U7Competitionisdestructive

1. Why is competition destructive according to the author?

 （para. 3） 

Accordingtotheauthor,competitionisdestructivebecauseitunderminesself-esteem,poisonsrelationshipsandholdsusbackfromdoingourbest.

2. What are the purposes of the games devised or collected by Orlick and others?

 （para. 6） 

TheideaofthegamesdevisedorcollectedbyOrlickandothersisforeachpersononthefieldtomakeaspecifiedcontributiontothegoal,orforalltheplayerstoreachacertainscore,orforeveryonetoworkwiththeirpartnersagainstatimelimit.

3. What is the difference between teamwork and team competition?

 （para. 8） 

Thedifferencebetweenteamworkandteamcompetitionisthatinteamworkeveryoneonthefieldisworkingtogetherforacommongoal,whileinteamcompetitionagivenplayerworkswithandisencouragedtofeelwarmlytowardonlyhalfofthosepresent.

4. Why do most kinds of fun require competition?

 （para. 10, 11, 12） 

First of all, people don't know any other way or people have never tasted the alternative. 

Secondly, we overlook the psychological costs of competition:

 it causes self-doubt and feelings of self-worth become dependent on external sources of evaluation.  

5. Who is to blame for competition?

Itisthestructureofthegameitselfthatistoblameratherthantheindividuals,sinceitsetscompetitionattheverybeginning.

U10Whywestriveforstatus

1.Whatisthewriter'sattitudeinthesentence"Thedrivefordominanceskewsourperception,colorsourfriendships,shapesourmoodsandaffectsourhealth"?

（para.2）

Theauthortakesanegativeattitude.Usually,theverbscolor,shapeandaffectareneutralinindicatingmeanings,butinthiscontexttheyexpressnegativemeanings.

2.Howdoyouunderstandthesentence"Ifthetendencyshoweduponlyincertainsocieties,itwouldbeeasiertodismissassomethingwelearn"?

（para.4）

Iftherelentlessone-upmanshipwereonlylimitedwithinveryfewsamplegroups,itwouldbeeasilyneglectedbecausewecouldonlyregardthatasanexception.

3.Inwhichwaydozoologistssupporttheanthropologicalpointonthebiologicallyendowedone-upmanship?

Anthropologistspointoutthatthesamepatterncanbeseeneverywherewhilethezoologistsshowawidevarietyofanimalsinferiorandsuperiorwhichillustratethesamepatterntoo.

4. What are the differences between men being powerful and powerless?

Menwhoachievehighstatusenjoymoresexwithmorepartnerswheresasmenwhoarejustunemployedmaylosetheirmarriagesaswellasself-esteem.

5. In which ways are modern men the same as, and also different from Genghis Khan?

ModernmenarethesameasGenghisKhaninthattheyallstriveforhighstatus,butdifferentinthatmodernmentendtorulebyconsentandtrytoavoidfighting.

6. Do males always have to fight for power?

 Why or why not?

Not necessarily, for the most durable leaders are the ones who govern by consent and try to avoid fighting.

U13Givingcreditwheredebtisdue

1. How many credit cards does the average American have?

4.  

2. What is a "sub-prime" borrower?

People who have a bad credit history.

3. What were the spending habits of people in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

Peopleregardeddebtinaverynegativeway.Theyalwaystriedtopayofftheirdebtsinatimelymanner.

4. How has credit card spending changed in the United States since the 1960s?

In the 1960s most borrowers paid off their credit card balances monthly. Since then, many people have amassed credit card debt. 

Unit2TheNewEconomicsofOil

TextA

1.Inthefirstyearofpeace,Lebanon'sGDPsoaredbyalmost40%.（C）C.increased

2.SAIC'spreviousskirmisheswithinvestigatorshadattractedlittleattention.（D）

D.arguments

3.Theboygrabbedholdofmybaganddisappearedquicklyintothecrowd.（C）C.snatched

4.AlthoughChicagohasfaredbetterthansomecities,unemploymentremainsaproblem.（A）

A.goton

5.Thedwarfsweredevastated,becausetheycouldnotfigureouthowtosaveSnowWhitethistime.（D）D.decide

6.HisdistrustofthepowerofcriticsmadehimreadytogibeatDavidSylvester.（A）A.laugh

7.Childrenaremostvulnerabletoabusewithintheirownhome.（A）A.unprotected

8.ShortofthePresidenthimself,probablynoonecouldhaveputtheAmericancasemorepersuasively.（B）B.Otherthan

TextB

1.Itsnakesinandoutofports,alongourbusiesthighwaysandthroughourmostcrowdedcities.（C）C.crawls

2.Sheadjustedherglassesandpeeredattheman.（B）B.gazed

3.Southeastwindsnudgedtheoilslickontotheshore.（A）A.pushed

4.Myhorsehadbeentetheredtoapost,butsomehowitescaped.（B）B.tied

5.Thebridgeisbuilttowithstandanearthquakeof8.3magnitudes.（C）C.resist

6.Anevaporationsystemisusedtodissipateheatfromthesunandprotecttheshuttle’selectronics.（D）D.disperse

7.NarcissuswasayoungmanwhospurnedthenymphEchoandbecameenamouredofhisownreflection.（A）A.refused

8.Thisdisparityinsocialattitudeiscertainlyreflectedintheambivalentfeelingsheldbyretiredpeople.（C）C.conflicting

9.Commercialsauerkrautisverysaltysothereisnoadditionalsaltintherecipe.（D）

D.formula

10.Retailsalesofthequintessentialredmeatsareplummeting,whilstvegetarianismhasbecomeafashionablenorm.（B）B.decreased

U6Themythofthepaperlessoffice

TextA

1.Advocatesoforganicfoodsfrequentlyproclaimthatsuchproductsaresaferandmorenutritiousthanothers.（A）A.announce

2.IfImayventureanopinion,I’dsaytheplanneedscloserexamination.（C）C.express

3.Thesephotographscapturetheessenceofworking-classlifeattheturnofthecentury.（A）A.describe

4.TherewasapreponderanceoffemaleteachersintheEnglishdepartment.（B）

B.dominance

5.Clarencehadonlyafewfuzzymemoriesofhisgrandparents.（C）C.obscure

6.Whathehasachievedisanextraordinaryfeatthatwouldbeimpossibletoduplicate.（B）

B.equal

7.He’sstoppedtakingdrugsnow,buthemayreverttotakingthemagain.（C）C.restore

8.Asoftenasnot,peopletendtoscreamundersuchcircumstances.（D）D.quiteoften

9.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthefactthattheastronauts’photographshaveuncoveredmanythingsnotevidentatcloserange.（D）D.revealed

10.Thedispositionofthetroopsonthebattlefieldisofparamountimportance.（A）

A.arrangement

TextB

1.Inparticular,therelationshipisbecomingincreasinglybedeviledbytheissueofanti-missiledefence.（C）C.plagued

2.Theuniverseoffersnosuchcategoriesorsimplifications;onlyfluxandinfinitevariety.（B）B.change

3.Thenewsoftheweddingwasplasteredalloverthemorningpapers.（A）A.covered

4.Perhapsyoushouldtweakthatlineorparagraphthatthrowsthestructureoffbeforesendinginthereport.（C）C.revise

5.Thedailynewsstoriesoftheworseningeconomyunnervedthenation.（A）A.discouraged

6.Sheallowedhersteadygazetoflickerfromtheglasswhichshehadbeenholdingforhours.（