科技论文具有通常所说的创新性.docx

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科技论文具有通常所说的创新性.docx

科技论文具有通常所说的创新性

科技论文具有通常所说的创新性

•科技论文具有通常所说的创新性(innovation)、真实性(reality)、重要性(significance)和可知性(indication),其目的与功能是传递知识和信息,这使得科技论文与其他文体不同,科技论文的基本语言特质是严谨(rigorous)、准确(accurate)、清晰(clarity)与洗练(concise)不需要华丽的辞藻修饰。

•Whatisascientificpaper

•Ascientificpaperisawrittenandpublishedreportdescribingoriginalresearchresults.In

•componentparts.

•Themostcommonlabelingofthecomponentparts,inthebasicsciences,isIntroduction,Methods,Results,andDiscussion(hence,theacronymIMRAD)

•Alsohasthefollowingelements:

Title,Abstract(orsometimesafinalsummaryinstead),ReferencesandAcknowledgement.

•Thetitle

•Thetitleofascientificpapershouldtellthereaderwhatkindofworkisbeingreported.

•Thelengthoftitle

•Titlesaretooshort

“StudiesonMycobacteriumtuberculosis”

suchatitlewasnotveryhelpfultothepotentialreader.

•Titlesaretoolong

“Ontheadditiontothemethodofmicroscopicresearchbyanewwayofproducingcolor-contrastbetweenanobjectanditsbackgroundorbetweendefinitepartsoftheobjectitself”

lessmeaningfulthanshortones.Itsoundslikeapoortitle,perhapsitwouldmakeagoodabstract.

•Needforspecifictitle

•“ActionofantibioticsonBacteria”

•Abstract

•Anabstractshouldbeviewedasaminiatureversionofthepaper.

•Provideabriefsummaryofeachofthemainsectionsofthepaper:

IMRAD

•Abstractenablesreaderstoidentifythebasiccontentofadocumentquicklyandaccurately,todetermineitsrelevancetotheirinterestsandthustodecidewhethertheyneedtoreadthepaperinitsentirely.

•Abstractshouldnotexceedthelengthspecifiedbythejournal(commonly250words)

•Theabstractshould:

1)statetheprincipalobjectivesandthescopeoftheinvestigation

2)describethemethodsemployed

3)summarizetheresults

4)statetheprincipalconclusions

•Introduction

•Introductionshouldsupplysufficientbackgroundinformationtoallowthereadertounderstandandevaluatetheresultsofthepresentstudywithoutneedingtorefertopreviouspublicationsonthetopic.

•Theintroductionshouldalsostatebrieflyandclearlyyourpurposeinwritingthepaper.

•Choosereferencescarefullytoprovidethemostimportantbackgroundinformation

•Whydidyouchoosethatsubject,andwhyisitimportant?

•Besides,introductionistheproperplacetodefineanyspecializedtermsorabbreviationsthatyouintendtouse

•Materialsandmethods

•Givethefulldetailsofthemethodologyemployedinthestudy

•Writteninthepasttense

•Themainpurposeofthissectionistodescribetheexperimentaldesignandthenprovideenoughdetailsothatacompetentworkercanrepeattheexperiments

•Alsoprovideinformationthatletreadersjudgetheappropriatenessofthemethods

•Manypeersmayskipthissection,becausetheyalreadyknowthegeneralmethods

•Listpertinent(related)chemicalandphysicalpropertiesofthereagentsused

•Experimentsanimals,plants,cells,otherregentsandthesourceofthemshouldbelistedanddescribed

•Informedconsent

•Needforreference:

ifthemethodisnew(unpublished),youmustprovideallofthedetail.If,however,themethodhasbeenpublishinajournal,theliteraturereferenceshouldbegiven,andyoucanstatelikethat:

“cellswerebrokenbyultrasonictreatmentaspreviousdescribed”

•Results

•Theresultsofeachexperimentshouldbepresentedclearly,withoutcomment,bias,orinterpretation

•Resultsconstitutethenewknowledgethatyouarecontributingtotheworld,theearlierpartsofthepaperaredesignedtotellwhyandhowyougottheResults,thelatterpartsofthepaperisdesignedtotellwhattheymean.Therefore,thewholepapermuststandorfallonthebasisoftheresults.Thus,theresultsmustbepresentedwithcrystalclarity.

•Results

•Howdoyoupresentthedata?

•Discussion

•Inthissection,youevaluatethemeaningofyourresultsinthetermsoftheoriginalquestionorhypothesisandpointouttheirbiologicalsignificance.

•Iftheresultsareunexpectedorcontradictory,youshouldattempttoexplainwhyandpossiblypointoutavenuesoffurtherresearch.

•Relatedliteraturesshouldbecitedinthissectionforfurthersupportorpurposesofcomparison

•WhataretheessentialfeaturesofagoodDiscussion?

•Trytopresenttheprinciples,relationships,andgeneralizationsshownbytheResults.

•Pointoutanyexceptionsoranylackofcorrelationanddefineunsettledpoints.

•Showhowyourresultsandinterpretationsagreewithpreviouslypublishedworks

•Discussthetheoreticalimplicationsofyourwork,aswellasanypossiblepracticalapplications

•Stateyourconclusionsasclearlyaspossible

•Summarizedyourevidenceforeachconclusion.

 

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