Unit13 Grammar过去分词.docx
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Unit13Grammar过去分词
Unit13Grammar过去分词
Learningaims:
1学习并掌握过去分词的用法
2理解过去分词和现在分词的区别
Learningimportantpoint:
过去分词的用法及意义
Learningdifficultpoint:
过去分词和现在分词的区别
Learningprocesses:
Step1过去分词
(一)作定语
作定语用的过去分词如果是单词,一般放在被修饰的词的前面;
过去分词短语作定语,则放在被修饰的词的后面,相当于一个定语从句
boiledwater开水spokenEnglish英语口语oppressedpeople被压迫的人民
Therearemanyfallenleavesontheground.地上有很多落叶。
Thisisabookwrittenbyapeasant.这是一本农民写的书。
表示被动和完成意义不及物动词的过去分词不表被动,表完成
(二)作表语
过去分词作表语,多表示主语所处的状态。
Iwaspleasedatthenews.听了这消息我很高兴。
Thedoorremainedlocked.门仍然锁着。
Helookedveryexcited.他显得很激动。
过去分词作表语用,相当于形容词,最常见的有disappointed,discouraged,astonished,interested,satisfied,pleased,surprised,worried,excited,puzzled等。
(三)作宾语补足语
过去分词可以在see,hear,notice,find,feel,watch,make,have,get,keepleave等动词后与名词(代词)构成复合结构。
结构:
动词+宾语(名词或代词)+宾补(过去分词)
IoftenhearthesongsunginEnglish.
Shefoundthedoorclosed.
Imustgetmybikerepaired.
Canyoumakeyourselfunderstood?
宾语与过去分词在逻辑上常存在被动关系
(四)作状语
过去分词短语常用作状语,修饰谓语,说明动作发生的背景或情况。
前提条件:
过去分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。
Inspiredbyhim,weworkedevenharder.
Theprofessorcamein,followedbyagroupofyoungmen.
Mr.Green,deeplymoved,thankedusagainandagain.
单个的过去分词也可以作状语。
Heated,waterchangesintosteam.
Sheturnedaway,disappointed.
过去分词短语作状语可以表示:
1、相当于一个原因状语从句
Inspiredbyherexample,theLeaguemembersworkedevenharder.
=_____________________________________________________________
Thechildrensoonfellasleep,exhaustedbythejourney.
=______________________________________________________________
2、相当于一个时间状语从句
Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.
=______________________________________________________________
Oncepublished,thisdictionarywillbeverypopular!
=______________________________________________________________
3、假设的情况,相当于一个条件状语从句
United,westand;divided,wefall.
=______________________________________________________________
Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.
=______________________________________________________________
4、相当于一个让步状语从句
Beatenbytheoppositeteam,theplayerswerenotdiscouragedandpracticedevenharder.
=______________________________________________________________
5、伴随情况(这种用法没有与之相当的状语从句可以代替)
Hecameback,completelytired.
Thewomanscientistenteredthelab,followedbyherassistants.
注意:
正如前所述:
过去分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。
Step2现在分词与过去分词的区别
(一)现在分词与过去分词在语态和时间关系上的区别
1、语态上的不同
现在分词表示_________的意思,而过去分词表示___________的意思。
例1:
Iheardsomeoneopeningthedoor.
Iheardthedooropened.
观察:
thefallenleaves,therisensun,theexplodedbomb,retiredworkers这些过去分词用法和例1中的例子表示的意义一样吗?
注意观察过去分词动词的词性!
那么它们表示:
__________
2、时间关系上的不同
观察下列四组:
boilingwaterdevelopingcountriestherisingsun
boiledwaterdevelopedcountriestherisensun
总结:
一般说来,现在分词所表示的动作往往________________,而过去分词所表示的动作往往_________________。
(二)现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别
例子:
Ifoundthempaintingthewindows.
Ifoundthewindowspainted.
结论:
以上句子中,宾语与现在分词是______关系,它表示的动作往往______________;宾语与过去分词是________关系,它所表示的动作往往______________。
(三)作定语的区别
一般说来,现在分词修饰事物,常与非人称主语连用;而过去分词修饰人,常与人称主语连用。
常见的分词amazed/amazing;excited/exciting;bored/boring;annoyed/annoying;interested/interesting;pleased/pleasing;surprised/surprising;satisfied/satisfying
Step3练习
1Mostoftheartists____tothepartywerefromsouthAfrica。
A.invitedB.toinvite
C.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited
2Thebridge_____nowovertheChangjiangRiverwilbecompleteattheendofthisyear。
A.builtB.isbeingbuiltC.beingbuiltD.tobebuilt
3.Johnwasmade____thetruckforaweekasapunishment.
A.tobewashingB.washingC.washD.towash
4.Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.Imusthaveit____.
A.repairB.repairingC.torepairD.repaired
5.Whatevershesaid,shecouldn'tmakeherself_____.
A.understandB.tounderstandC.understandingD.understood
6_____withpaperbooks,e-bookswouldhavemoreadvantages.
A.ComparedB.Comparing
C.TocomparedD.Ifcomparing
7Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,___bytwostudents.
A.tobefollowedB.followed
C.followingD.tofollow
8.Thestudentsenteredtheclassroom,___theirteacher.
A.followingB.followedC.followD.byfollowing
9.____fromhislooks,heisakindman.
AJudgingB.BeingjudgingC.TojudgeD.Judge
10_____thewindowsandthedoor,thestudentslefttheroom.
A.BeingclosedB.Closed
C.HavingclosedD.Toclose
11._____adeepbreath,theydivedintowater.
A.takenB.TakingC.TotakeD.Took
12.Asweallknow,typingisa______jobtoa______heart.
A.tired;tired B.tired;tiring C.tiring;tired D.tiring;tiring
高二年级英语执笔人:
龚祎娜审核人_________班级________姓名______________
Unit13People-------Lesson1EQ:
IQ(二课时)
Tips:
Thosewhohavecouragetomastertheirlivesareheroes.
有勇气主宰自己命运的人才是英雄。
Learningaims:
1:
学习并掌握重点词组、句型
2会分析复杂结构的句子,正确理解句义
Learningimportantpoint:
掌握本课的语言点
Learningdifficultpoint:
分析句子结构
Learningprocesses:
Step1:
学习Beforeyoustart部分,找出下列词组,理解其含义。
(B级)
1.fromsidetoside__________2.comeupwith__________
3.concentrateon____________
4.talk...intodoing__________=(归纳同义短语)_______________________
5.getinto___________6.drawup___________
练一练:
选词填空
getintoaccuratelydrawupcomeupwithconcentrateontalk...intodoing...
1.Ally________me________goingskiingwithher.
2.Momaskedmeto_____________more______myschoolwork.
3.That’sthebestideahecan______________.
4._________alistofthingsyouwanttofinishonSunday.
5.IlostmytemperandaquarrelwithJack.
6.Youspeakfluentlybutnotenough.
Step2:
学习Languagefocus部分,找出下列重点句子,分析句子成份,理解含义,掌握词组用法。
(B级)
Para.1
1.①Eveniftheyneverseetheirresults,theyfeel②thattheirIQis③whatdetermines④howwelltheyaregoingtodoinlife.译文:
①Evenif引导从句②that引导从句
③what引导从句④how引导从句
(2)evenif:
尽管
Theywon’tgotothepartyevenif/eventhough/though/althoughinvited.
注意:
as也可以引导让步状语从句,但是必须使用特殊的句式。
例如:
Cleverasheis,hecan’tworkthequestionout.
Childasheis,hesupportsabigfamily.
翻译:
___________________________________________________________
2.①Whentheyseeotherstudentsdoingbetterthanthem,theyusuallybelieve②thatthosestudentshaveahigherIQand③thatthereisnothingtheycandotochangefacts.
译文:
_______________________________________________________________
①When引导从句
②和③that引导并列从句,此时that不能省略。
Para.2
3.WhileyourIQtellsyouhowintelligentyouare,yourEQtellsyouhowwellyouuseyourintelligence.
译文:
_______________________________________________________________
此句的While是并列连词意为:
__________,表示前后句意思的对比。
归纳总结:
while用法及含义
1引导并列句,_______
2引导时间状从,_______Hecameinwhilewewereasleep.
3引导让步状从(位于句首),_______WhileIamwillingtohelp,Ihavenotime.
例如:
Motionisabsolutewhilestagnationisrelative.
Strikewhiletheironishot.
—Iamgoingtothepostoffice.
—Whileyouarethere,canyougetmesomestamps?
WhileIadmityouradvantages,Icanseeyourshortcomings.
4.Atwork,itisIQthatgetsyouhiredbutitisEQthatgetyoupromoted.
译文:
此句是由but连接了两个并列的_____________句型,
强调句型可以强调句子中的主语,宾语,表语和状语。
Itismotherthat/whocookseverydayforus.(主语)
ItwasinthemorningthatImetthepersonagain.(状语)
Itistheyoungestsonthatfatherscoldedstrictly.(宾语)
Itismyherothatmotherisinmyheart.(表语)
强调句型的基本句型为:
肯定句:
It+be+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。
一般疑问句:
Be+it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分?
Isitinthemorningthatyoumetthepersonagain?
译文:
_______________________________________________________________
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+be+it+that/who+其他成分?
Whowasitthathelpedyououtoftrouble?
译文:
_______________________________________________________________
5.Supportedbyhisacademicresearch,theprofessorsuggeststhatwhenpredictingsomeone’sfuturesuccess,theircharacter,asmeasuredbyEQtests,mightactuallymattermorethantheirIQ.
译文:
萨洛维教授以自己的学术研究作为依据,认为预测一个人未来的成功,其性格(可用情商测试测量),实际上也许比其智力更为重要。
(1)supportedbyhisacademicresearch=Becauseheissupportedbyhisacademicresearch这是分词做状语的用法。
由于support与主语之间是被动的关系,使用其过去分词表示被动。
例如:
Beatenbyhisfather,thelittleboycan’thelpcrying.
Tiedonthestone,theslavesufferedaterriblenight.
(2)morethan多于Iammoreinterestedinthebookthanyou.
(其他意思)________Thisismorethanabook.Itisadictionary.
notmorethan不多于Myapplesarenotmorethanyours.
nomorethan=onlyThereisnomorethanonecarintheshopsoIwanttobuyit.
(3)predictv.预言;预报;预告
Theearthquakehadbeenpredictedtwomonthsbefore.
Para3
6.Forexample,haveyoueverwonderwhysomeofthesmarteststudentsinyourclass,whoyouthinkdeservegoodgrades,sometimesendupfailingexams?
(1)这又是一个复杂的长句。
动词wonder后是由why引导的_________从句,从句部分又含有一个_________从句whoyouthinkdeservegoodgrades修饰名词students。
下面看几个定语从句:
Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.
Hewillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichhejoinedtheParty.
Shellyalwaysspeakshighlyofherroleintheplay,whichmakesothersunhappy.
Asweallknow,theearthisround.=Theearthisround,which/asweallknow.
Thereisnothingyoucandotochangefacts.
(2)deserve值得
Thosewhodidsomethingwrongdeservedthepunishment.
Thismatterdeservestobementioned.
(3)endupdoingsth.以……告终
Hedidn’tmakefulluseofhistime,soheendedupregretting.
endup+介词短语
Ifyougoonstealing,youwillendupinprison.
7.PeopleareoftenmistakeninthinkingthatthosewithhighIQsalwayshavehigh
EQsaswell.
译文:
________________________________________________________________
8.Thisassociationcanexist,butitisjustaspossibleforsomeonewithalowIQtohaveahighEQor______________someonewithahighIQtohavealowEQ.
这种联系可能存在,但是低智商的人情商高,或高智商的人情商低也是可能的。
本句是but连接的两个___________,