Unit13 Grammar过去分词.docx

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Unit13 Grammar过去分词.docx

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Unit13 Grammar过去分词.docx

Unit13Grammar过去分词

Unit13Grammar过去分词

Learningaims:

1学习并掌握过去分词的用法

2理解过去分词和现在分词的区别

Learningimportantpoint:

过去分词的用法及意义

Learningdifficultpoint:

过去分词和现在分词的区别

Learningprocesses:

Step1过去分词

(一)作定语

作定语用的过去分词如果是单词,一般放在被修饰的词的前面;

过去分词短语作定语,则放在被修饰的词的后面,相当于一个定语从句

boiledwater开水spokenEnglish英语口语oppressedpeople被压迫的人民

Therearemanyfallenleavesontheground.地上有很多落叶。

Thisisabookwrittenbyapeasant.这是一本农民写的书。

表示被动和完成意义不及物动词的过去分词不表被动,表完成

(二)作表语

过去分词作表语,多表示主语所处的状态。

Iwaspleasedatthenews.听了这消息我很高兴。

Thedoorremainedlocked.门仍然锁着。

Helookedveryexcited.他显得很激动。

过去分词作表语用,相当于形容词,最常见的有disappointed,discouraged,astonished,interested,satisfied,pleased,surprised,worried,excited,puzzled等。

(三)作宾语补足语

过去分词可以在see,hear,notice,find,feel,watch,make,have,get,keepleave等动词后与名词(代词)构成复合结构。

结构:

动词+宾语(名词或代词)+宾补(过去分词)

IoftenhearthesongsunginEnglish.

Shefoundthedoorclosed.

Imustgetmybikerepaired.

Canyoumakeyourselfunderstood?

宾语与过去分词在逻辑上常存在被动关系

(四)作状语

过去分词短语常用作状语,修饰谓语,说明动作发生的背景或情况。

前提条件:

过去分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。

Inspiredbyhim,weworkedevenharder.

Theprofessorcamein,followedbyagroupofyoungmen.

Mr.Green,deeplymoved,thankedusagainandagain.

单个的过去分词也可以作状语。

Heated,waterchangesintosteam.

Sheturnedaway,disappointed.

过去分词短语作状语可以表示:

1、相当于一个原因状语从句

Inspiredbyherexample,theLeaguemembersworkedevenharder.

=_____________________________________________________________

Thechildrensoonfellasleep,exhaustedbythejourney.

=______________________________________________________________

2、相当于一个时间状语从句

Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.

=______________________________________________________________

Oncepublished,thisdictionarywillbeverypopular!

=______________________________________________________________

3、假设的情况,相当于一个条件状语从句

United,westand;divided,wefall.

=______________________________________________________________

Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.

=______________________________________________________________

4、相当于一个让步状语从句

Beatenbytheoppositeteam,theplayerswerenotdiscouragedandpracticedevenharder.

=______________________________________________________________

5、伴随情况(这种用法没有与之相当的状语从句可以代替)

Hecameback,completelytired.

Thewomanscientistenteredthelab,followedbyherassistants.

注意:

正如前所述:

过去分词短语作状语时,它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。

 

Step2现在分词与过去分词的区别

(一)现在分词与过去分词在语态和时间关系上的区别

1、语态上的不同

现在分词表示_________的意思,而过去分词表示___________的意思。

例1:

Iheardsomeoneopeningthedoor.

Iheardthedooropened.

观察:

thefallenleaves,therisensun,theexplodedbomb,retiredworkers这些过去分词用法和例1中的例子表示的意义一样吗?

注意观察过去分词动词的词性!

那么它们表示:

__________

2、时间关系上的不同

观察下列四组:

boilingwaterdevelopingcountriestherisingsun

boiledwaterdevelopedcountriestherisensun

总结:

一般说来,现在分词所表示的动作往往________________,而过去分词所表示的动作往往_________________。

(二)现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别

例子:

Ifoundthempaintingthewindows.

Ifoundthewindowspainted.

结论:

以上句子中,宾语与现在分词是______关系,它表示的动作往往______________;宾语与过去分词是________关系,它所表示的动作往往______________。

(三)作定语的区别

一般说来,现在分词修饰事物,常与非人称主语连用;而过去分词修饰人,常与人称主语连用。

常见的分词amazed/amazing;excited/exciting;bored/boring;annoyed/annoying;interested/interesting;pleased/pleasing;surprised/surprising;satisfied/satisfying

Step3练习

1Mostoftheartists____tothepartywerefromsouthAfrica。

A.invitedB.toinvite

C.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited

2Thebridge_____nowovertheChangjiangRiverwilbecompleteattheendofthisyear。

A.builtB.isbeingbuiltC.beingbuiltD.tobebuilt

3.Johnwasmade____thetruckforaweekasapunishment.

A.tobewashingB.washingC.washD.towash

4.Somethingiswrongwithmywatch.Imusthaveit____.

A.repairB.repairingC.torepairD.repaired

5.Whatevershesaid,shecouldn'tmakeherself_____.

A.understandB.tounderstandC.understandingD.understood

6_____withpaperbooks,e-bookswouldhavemoreadvantages.

A.ComparedB.Comparing

C.TocomparedD.Ifcomparing

7Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,___bytwostudents.

A.tobefollowedB.followed

C.followingD.tofollow

8.Thestudentsenteredtheclassroom,___theirteacher.

A.followingB.followedC.followD.byfollowing

9.____fromhislooks,heisakindman.

AJudgingB.BeingjudgingC.TojudgeD.Judge

10_____thewindowsandthedoor,thestudentslefttheroom.

A.BeingclosedB.Closed

C.HavingclosedD.Toclose

11._____adeepbreath,theydivedintowater.

A.takenB.TakingC.TotakeD.Took

12.Asweallknow,typingisa______jobtoa______heart.

A.tired;tired           B.tired;tiring  C.tiring;tired           D.tiring;tiring

高二年级英语执笔人:

龚祎娜审核人_________班级________姓名______________

Unit13People-------Lesson1EQ:

IQ(二课时)

Tips:

Thosewhohavecouragetomastertheirlivesareheroes.

有勇气主宰自己命运的人才是英雄。

Learningaims:

1:

学习并掌握重点词组、句型

2会分析复杂结构的句子,正确理解句义

Learningimportantpoint:

掌握本课的语言点

Learningdifficultpoint:

分析句子结构

Learningprocesses:

Step1:

学习Beforeyoustart部分,找出下列词组,理解其含义。

(B级)

1.fromsidetoside__________2.comeupwith__________

3.concentrateon____________

4.talk...intodoing__________=(归纳同义短语)_______________________

5.getinto___________6.drawup___________

练一练:

选词填空

getintoaccuratelydrawupcomeupwithconcentrateontalk...intodoing...

1.Ally________me________goingskiingwithher.

2.Momaskedmeto_____________more______myschoolwork.

3.That’sthebestideahecan______________.

4._________alistofthingsyouwanttofinishonSunday.

5.IlostmytemperandaquarrelwithJack.

6.Youspeakfluentlybutnotenough.

Step2:

学习Languagefocus部分,找出下列重点句子,分析句子成份,理解含义,掌握词组用法。

(B级)

Para.1

1.①Eveniftheyneverseetheirresults,theyfeel②thattheirIQis③whatdetermines④howwelltheyaregoingtodoinlife.译文:

①Evenif引导从句②that引导从句

③what引导从句④how引导从句

(2)evenif:

尽管

Theywon’tgotothepartyevenif/eventhough/though/althoughinvited.

注意:

as也可以引导让步状语从句,但是必须使用特殊的句式。

例如:

Cleverasheis,hecan’tworkthequestionout.

Childasheis,hesupportsabigfamily.

翻译:

___________________________________________________________

2.①Whentheyseeotherstudentsdoingbetterthanthem,theyusuallybelieve②thatthosestudentshaveahigherIQand③thatthereisnothingtheycandotochangefacts.

译文:

_______________________________________________________________

①When引导从句

②和③that引导并列从句,此时that不能省略。

Para.2

3.WhileyourIQtellsyouhowintelligentyouare,yourEQtellsyouhowwellyouuseyourintelligence.

译文:

_______________________________________________________________

此句的While是并列连词意为:

__________,表示前后句意思的对比。

归纳总结:

while用法及含义

1引导并列句,_______

2引导时间状从,_______Hecameinwhilewewereasleep.

3引导让步状从(位于句首),_______WhileIamwillingtohelp,Ihavenotime.

例如:

Motionisabsolutewhilestagnationisrelative.

Strikewhiletheironishot.

—Iamgoingtothepostoffice.

—Whileyouarethere,canyougetmesomestamps?

WhileIadmityouradvantages,Icanseeyourshortcomings.

4.Atwork,itisIQthatgetsyouhiredbutitisEQthatgetyoupromoted.

译文:

此句是由but连接了两个并列的_____________句型,

强调句型可以强调句子中的主语,宾语,表语和状语。

Itismotherthat/whocookseverydayforus.(主语)

ItwasinthemorningthatImetthepersonagain.(状语)

Itistheyoungestsonthatfatherscoldedstrictly.(宾语)

Itismyherothatmotherisinmyheart.(表语)

强调句型的基本句型为:

肯定句:

It+be+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分。

一般疑问句:

Be+it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分?

Isitinthemorningthatyoumetthepersonagain?

译文:

_______________________________________________________________

特殊疑问句:

特殊疑问词+be+it+that/who+其他成分?

Whowasitthathelpedyououtoftrouble?

译文:

_______________________________________________________________

5.Supportedbyhisacademicresearch,theprofessorsuggeststhatwhenpredictingsomeone’sfuturesuccess,theircharacter,asmeasuredbyEQtests,mightactuallymattermorethantheirIQ.

译文:

萨洛维教授以自己的学术研究作为依据,认为预测一个人未来的成功,其性格(可用情商测试测量),实际上也许比其智力更为重要。

(1)supportedbyhisacademicresearch=Becauseheissupportedbyhisacademicresearch这是分词做状语的用法。

由于support与主语之间是被动的关系,使用其过去分词表示被动。

例如:

Beatenbyhisfather,thelittleboycan’thelpcrying.

Tiedonthestone,theslavesufferedaterriblenight.

(2)morethan多于Iammoreinterestedinthebookthanyou.

(其他意思)________Thisismorethanabook.Itisadictionary.

notmorethan不多于Myapplesarenotmorethanyours.

nomorethan=onlyThereisnomorethanonecarintheshopsoIwanttobuyit.

(3)predictv.预言;预报;预告

Theearthquakehadbeenpredictedtwomonthsbefore.

Para3

6.Forexample,haveyoueverwonderwhysomeofthesmarteststudentsinyourclass,whoyouthinkdeservegoodgrades,sometimesendupfailingexams?

(1)这又是一个复杂的长句。

动词wonder后是由why引导的_________从句,从句部分又含有一个_________从句whoyouthinkdeservegoodgrades修饰名词students。

下面看几个定语从句:

Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.

Hewillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichhejoinedtheParty.

Shellyalwaysspeakshighlyofherroleintheplay,whichmakesothersunhappy.

Asweallknow,theearthisround.=Theearthisround,which/asweallknow.

Thereisnothingyoucandotochangefacts.

(2)deserve值得

Thosewhodidsomethingwrongdeservedthepunishment.

Thismatterdeservestobementioned.

(3)endupdoingsth.以……告终

Hedidn’tmakefulluseofhistime,soheendedupregretting.

endup+介词短语

Ifyougoonstealing,youwillendupinprison.

7.PeopleareoftenmistakeninthinkingthatthosewithhighIQsalwayshavehigh

EQsaswell.

译文:

________________________________________________________________

8.Thisassociationcanexist,butitisjustaspossibleforsomeonewithalowIQtohaveahighEQor______________someonewithahighIQtohavealowEQ.

这种联系可能存在,但是低智商的人情商高,或高智商的人情商低也是可能的。

本句是but连接的两个___________,

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