专八辅导英美文学.docx

专八辅导英美文学.docx

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专八辅导英美文学

2014年专八文学知识辅导

吴澜

英国文学史

1.OldEnglish：

Anglo-SaxonPeriod（449-1066）

:

thefirstnationalepic

2.MedievalEnglish:

TheAnglo-NormanPeriod（1066–1350）

KingArthurandhisRoundTableKnights

SirGawainandtheGreenKnight

GeoffreyChaucer-thefatherofEnglishpoetry

firsttimetouse'heroiccouplet'

3.TheRenaissance（14thcentury—early17thcentury）

Humanism-theessenceoftheRenaissance,thedignityofhumanbeingandtheimportanceofthepresentlife

EdmundSpenser：

《仙后》斯宾塞节奏

ChristopherMarlowe-thepioneerofEnglishdrama

Blankverse,hyperbole夸张

UniversityWits（大学才子派）；ChristopherMarlowe,RobertGreene,ThomasNashe,JohnLyly,ThomasLodge,GeorgePeele.

thehumanpassionforknowledge,powerandhappiness

pastorallife

WilliamShakespeare-aboveallwritersinthepastandinthepresenttime

Fourtragedies-Hamlet,Othello,KingLear，Macbeth

eternalorimmortalbeauty

topraisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaaheroineofgreatbeauty,witandloyalty,toexposetheinsatiablegreedandbrutality

Soliloquyormonologue-fullyrevealtheinnerconflictofthecharacters

FrancisBacon-brevity,compactness&powerfulness,hisessaysisanimportantlandmarkinthedevelopmentofEnglishprose

Inductivemethod（归纳法）inplaceofdeductivemethod演绎法

Howstudiesexertinfluenceoverhumancharacter–“readingmakethafullman,conferenceareadyman,andwritinganexactman.”

4.The17thcentury:

RevolutionandRestoration

JohnDonne

metaphysicalpoetryConceits,syllogism三段论

JohnMilton:

失乐园theonlygenerallyacknowledgedepicinEnglishliteraturesinceBeowulf.Theconflictisbetweenhumanloveandspiritualduty.Inheaven,SatanledarebellionagainstGodwithhisunconquerablewill.

复乐园

力士参孙themostperfectexampleoftheversedramaaftertheGreekstyleinEnglish.

JohnBunyan:

ThePilgrim’sProgress天路历程allegory

VanityFair成为WilliamMakepeaceThackeray小说标题《名利场》

5.Neoclassicism新古典主义-arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion抑制情感&accuracy

6.Enlightenment-aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason（rationality）,equality&science

AlexanderPope

apoemwritteninheroiccouplets,criticizethepresentpoemlackoftruetaste&callonpeopletoturntotheoldGreekandRomanwritersforguidance,'truewit'isbestsetinaplain（simple&clear）style.

DanielDefoe-thefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople

,praisethehumanlaborandthePuritanfortitude清教徒坚韧

JonathanSwift-amastersatirist

Inhisopinion,humannatureisseriouslyandpermanentlyflawed

Properwordsinproperplaces

,fourparts-Lilliput,Brobdingnag,FlyingIsland&Houyhnhnm

HenryFielding–ProseHomer

Comicepicinprose散文体史诗

SamuelJohnson-firstcombineanEnglishdictionary,

lastneoclassicistenlightener

RichardBrinsleySheridan-theonlyimportantEnglishdramatistofthe18thcentury

andareregardedasimportantlinksbetweenthemasterpiecesofShakespeareandthoseofBernardShaw.

ThomasGray

TheGraveyardSchool

Romantic-emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace

Pre-Romanticism:

WilliamBlake;RobertBurns

WilliamBlake-engraver雕刻家

fromahappyandinnocenceworldfromchildren'seye

fromaworldofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholy忧郁的tonefrommeneyesChildhood,paradoxes,apairingofopposites

RobertBurns：

苏格兰农民诗人

ARed,RedRose

AuldLangSyne

8.Romanticism（1798-1832）

TheromanticperiodbeganwiththepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge's

WilliamWordsworth-theleadingfigureoftheEnglishromanticpoetry,simple,spontaneous,worshipperofnature'LakePoets'–

WilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridge&RobertSouthey

tt

SamuelTaylorColeridge-supernatural,remote

Poemscanbedividedintotwogroups-thedemonic（supernatural）&theconversational

Thedemonicgroupincludes3masterpieces-,,

GeorgeGordonByron

'Byronichero'isaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin,againsttyrannicalrulesormoralprinciples.Suchaheroappearsfirstin.

'willdiefighting,orlivefree'theLudditesdestroyedthemachinesintheirprotestagainstunemployment.Thepoet'sgreatsympathyoftheworkersintheirstruggleagainstthecapitalistsisclearlyshown.

from（themasterpieceofByron,alongsatiricalpoem）,songbyaGreeksingerattheweddingofDonJuanandHaidee.'FillhighthebowlwithSamianwine'?

PercyByssheShelley

terzarima,destructive-constructivepotential,hopeful,'Ifalluponthethornsoflife!

Ibleed!

','IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?

'

JohnKeats

4greatodes–,,,

thecontrastbetweenthepermanenceofartandthetransience短暂ofhumanpassion,'Heardmelodiesaresweet,butthoseunheardaresweeter','Beautyistruth,truthbeauty'

JaneAusten六部小说

;SenseandSensibility;MansfieldPark;Emma;NorthangerAbbeyandPersuasion

9.TheVictorianPeriod:

criticalrealism（1832－1901/1918）

Darwin'sandshookthetraditionalfaith,everythingiscreatedbyGodUtilitarianism功利主义waswidelyacceptedandpracticedCriticalrealistswereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeople

CharlesDickens-oneofthegreatestcriticalrealistwritersoftheVictorianAge

Character-portrayalisthemostdistinguishingfeatureofhisworksAminglingofhumorandpathos悲伤

OliverTwist；ThePickwickPaper；DavidCopperfield；DomebyandSon；ATaleofTwoCities；BleakHouse；LittleDorrit；HardTimes；GreatExpectations

TheBronteSisters-Charlotte,Emily&AnneEmily,aratherreservedandsimplegirl,wasverymuchachildofnature.

AlfredTennyson-inventsdramaticmonologue,PoetLaureate桂冠诗人,arealartist

thedeathofhisbestfriend,hissadnessfeelingarecontrastedwiththecarefree,innocentjoysofthechildrenandtheunfeelingmovementoftheshipandtheseawaves

wecanfeelhisfearlessnesstowardsdeath,hisfaithinGodandanafterlife.'Crossingthebar'meansleavingthisworldandenteringthenextworld

RobertBrowning-themostoriginalpoet,whoimprovesandmaturethedramaticmonologue内心独白

hismasterpiece

thisdramaticmonologueistheduke'sspeechaddressedtotheagentwhocomestonegotiatethemarriage,thedukeisaself-conceited,cruelandtyrannicalman

GeorgeEliot:

Asawomanofexceptionalintelligenceandlifeexperience,sheshowsaparticularconcernforthedestinyofwomen

asharpcontrastissetbetweenthecold,lifeless,dullhouseandDorotheawhoisfullofyouthfullifeandvigor

ThomasHardy-bothanaturalisticandacriticalrealistwriterLocal-colored,Wessex,'novelsofcharacterandenvironment'

experienceisastointensity,andnotastoduration

10.TheModernPeriod（England）

　　DifferencebetweenModernismandRealism

　　Modernismisareactionagainstrealisminmanyaspects

（1）Modernismrejectsrationalism，whichisthetheoreticalbaseofRealism

（2）ModernismrefectsthesourceofRealism，i.e.theexternal，objective，materialworld

　　（3）Modernismrejectsalmostallthetraditionalelementsinliterature

D.H.Lawence

　　TheRainbow；WomeninLove；LadyChatterley‘sLover

　　SonsandLovers，WhitePeacock

GeorgeBernardShaw

　MrsWarren‘sProfession;St.Joan；TheAppleCart　

JohnGalsworthy

　TheForsyteSaga

Trilogy：

TheManofProperty；InChancery；ToLet

WilliamButlerYeats

　WhenYouAreOld;TheLakeIsleofInnisfree；DownbytheSalleyGardens

T.S.Eliot

　　TheWasteLand

（1）presentsphysicaldisorderandspiritualdecadenceinthemodernwesternsociety

（2）reflectsdisillusionanddespairofawholepostwargeneration.anguish，menace，sterilityhadbeenafflictingallsensitivemembersofthepostwargeneration（3）concernswiththespiritualbreakupofamoderncivilizationinwhichhumanlifehaslostitsmeaning（4）reflectsthe20thcenturypeople‘sdisillusionandfrustrationinameaninglessandboringworld

　　TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock：

dramaticmonologueinironictone

　JamesJoyce

　　1.scene：

thesamesetting：

Ireland，especiallyDublin，thesamesubject：

theIrishpeopleandtheirlife

　　2.works：

Ulysses：

anaccountofman‘slifeduringoneday

　　3.streamofconsciousness

　　4.Araby（fromDubl