世界民族志习题.docx

世界民族志习题.docx

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世界民族志习题

Chapter1

TheAzande:

WitchcraftandOraclesinAfrica

1.TheAzandepreferredtobuildhousesfarfromtheirneighborsbecause

A）theyfearedtheirneighbors’witchcraft,whichwasonlyeffectiveatcloserange.

B）theywantedtoguaranteethattheircattlehadplentyoflanduponwhichtograze.

C）airbornediseaseswereeasilyspreadbetweenpeoplelivingtooclosetogether.

D）theirenemiespreferredtoattackgroupsettlements,ratherthanindividualhomesteads.

2.Traditionally,thebasicunitofproductionintheAzandeeconomicsystemwas

A）theextendedfamily,consistingofseveralgenerationsofafamilyunderthesameroof.

B）thetribe,consistingofseveralclansworkingcommunallyownedland.

C）theindividualhomestead,consistingofaman,hiswives,andtheirchildren.

D）thenation,consistingofthevariousculturalgroupslivinginSudan.

3.EuropeaninfluenceupontraditionalAzandehomescanbestbeseenintheadditionof

A）enclosedcourtyardswithgates.

B）granariesforstoringmaizeandmillet.

C）doorswithhingesandlocks.

D）individualhousesforeachofaman'swives.

4.Theconditionofone'scourtyardisimportanttotheAzandebecause

A）everyyearprovincialleaderswillawardprizestotheownersofthebest-kepthomes.

B）ahomesteadindisrepairisbadluck,anditwillbringmisfortunetoitsowners.

C）acourtyardthatistoocleanshowsthatitsownerhasfewfriendsandisabadhost.

D）courtyardsareseenasevidenceoftheresponsibilityandindustriousnessoftheirowners.

5.Whenaskedthequestion,"Wherewereyouborn?

"anAzande'sresponsewouldmostlikelyreferto

A）thestreamnearestthatlocation.

B）hismother'sbody.

C）themythologicalplaceoforiginofhisclan.

D）thehouseinwhichhewasborn.

6.Azandegenealogicalrelationshipsare

A）veryseldomknownandusuallyquiteuntraceable.

B）determinedbygeographicallocationofbirth,notbyblooddescent.

C）verydetailedandcarefullyguardedbyelderlymembersofeachfamily.

D）onlyimportanttothemembersofnon-chieflyclans.

7.WhenanAzandeprovincialleaderwishedtoattackneighboringterritory,hewouldalwaysconsult

A）hislocalgroup,whowouldnotfightwithoutfirstcomingtoaconsensus.

B）thechief,whohadfinalsayinallmilitarydisputes.

C）hiswives,whowereresponsibleforcraftinganddistributingweaponry.

D）thepoisonoracle,whowouldpredicttheoutcomeofthebattle.

8.AnAzandegroom'spaymentofonlypartofabridepricetohiswife'sfamilyattheweddingceremony

A）showedthat,sincehehadonlypartially"purchased"hiswife,hecouldreturnhertoherfamilyatanytimeifshedidnotservehimproperly.

B）wastoreturntohiswife'sparents,inagestureofgenerosity,aportionoftheexorbitantdowrytheyhadpaidattheengagementceremony.

C）demonstratedthehusband'scontinuedindebtednesstohiswife'sfamilyandhisresponsibilitytocareforhiswifeandherparents.

D）provedhisdependenceonthecareandfinancialsupportofhiswife'sfamily,whousuallydidnotmakehimpaytheremainderofthebrideprice.

9.Inadditiontoassuringboththeemotionalandeconomicsupportofoneanother,theactofrituallyformalizingtherelationshipbetweentwoAzandewomen

A）createdanew"homestead"separatefrommaleinfluence.

B）widenedbothpartner'stradenetworksandenhancedtheirpositioninthecommunity.

C）requiredonepartnertotakeonthetraditionalgenderroleofanAzandemale.

D）wastheonlywayforwomentodivorcetheirhusbands,andwasquitecommon.

10.ThemainreasonthattheAzandetellstoriesfeaturingTuretheTricksteris

A）toprovideraunchyentertainmentforadults.

B）toteachchildrenmorallessonsandtheconsequencesofdisobeyingsocialexpectations.

C）toallowadolescentboystoshowinterestinaparticulargirlwithoutfearofrejection.

D）tovoicedispleasurewithone'sneighborsorlocalgovernmentadministrators.

11.Inculturesthroughouttheworld,aprincipalfunctionof"Trickster"talesisto

A）demonstratethedeeperpsychologicalforcespresentinallhumanbeings.

B）describeasociety'sboundariesandrulesandassertitsuniqueidentity.

C）trickethnographersintobelievingfalseinformationaboutthesociety.

D）conveylocalandnationalnewsofsignificancetonativepeoples.

12.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesAzandeattitudestowardswitchcraft?

A）Witches'magicisessentialtoensuretheharmoniousbalanceofnature.

B）Childrenmakethemostdangerouswitches,astheyareunabletocontroltheirmagic.

C）WitchesfromtheEastaregood,whilethosefromtheWestareevil.

D）Allmisfortuneistheresultofwitchcraft,evenifthewitchisunawareoftheirpower.

13.Thepoisonoraclegivesoldermenpoweroveryoungermenbecause

A）oldermencanaffordchickensthatareresistanttothebengepoisonandinthatwaytheycaninfluencetheoutcomeoftheoracle.

B）thechickensandpoisonmustbesuppliedbyyoungermen,andsotheoldergenerationcanpreventtheyoungerfromaccumulatingpropertyandpower.

C）youngermenoftencannotaffordtheservicesoftheoracleand,asaresult,cannotrelyonhavingtheirdecisionsbackedbytheoracle'sauthority.

D）theoldmanperformingtheoraclealsoisresponsibleforperformingweddings,andhewillnotmarryyoungermeniftheydonotrespecttheirelders.

14.AccordingtotheAzande,whichofthefollowingisnecessaryforwitchcrafttobeeffective?

A）Adropofthevictim'sblood.

B）Aspokenintenttocauseharmtothevictim.

C）Asocialrelationshipbetweenwitchandvictim.

D）Anestablishedfamilyhistoryofwitchcraft.

15.Whenviewedasamethodofsocialcontrol,themainfunctionofwitchcraftis

A）topreventemotionalandpotentiallyviolentconfrontationsbetweentwoparties.

B）toguaranteethepoliticalauthorityofthechieflyclans.

C）topreventgenderequalitybykeepingwomeninpositionsofservitude.

D）togivethepoorandweakachancetocompetewiththerichandpowerful.

16.InordertounderstandthelogicoftheAzandebeliefinwitchcraft,apersonmustfirstgrantthat

A）theAzandelacka"scientific"understandingoftheworldaroundthemandsocannotmakecause-effectconnectionsbetweenevents.

B）thesupernaturalpowerbehindwitchcraftandsorceryisnotwellunderstoodbyWesternscientists,anditshouldbefurtherresearched.

C）theAzandechoosetoignoreobservablereality,andsocreateimaginarycausestoexplainevents.

D）itistheAzandeworldviewthatpeoplehavewitchcraftsubstanceinthemandcanharmotherswithit.

17.WhichofthefollowingisNOTafeatureofthegovernmentresettlementoftheAzande?

A）Itincludesanunequaldistributionoflandarbitrarilythatgivessomefarmersgoodsoilandothersbadsoil.

B）ItincludesaprohibitionofallformsofAzandereligion,suchasthebengeoracleandthetellingofTrickstertales.

C）ItestablishedaresettlementpatternthatdidnottakeintoaccounttheAzande'sdesireforflexibleandspreadoutlivingarrangements.

D）Itwouldforcerelocationthatdisregardedfamilygroupingsandtraditionalsocialorganization.

18.TheongoingcivilwarintheSudanhasprimarilybeenfoughtbetween

A）theArabnorthandthe"blackAfrican"south.

B）theAzandeandtheNuer.

C）theBritishcolonialgovernmentandtheAzande.

D）theSudanesegovernmentandSudan'sminorityIslamicpopulation.

19.SomescholarsarguethatwhiletheethnicandreligiousconflictinSudanhaslongbeenacentralcauseofthecivilwar,anemergingcauseofrenewedviolencehasbeenthecontrolof

A）diamonds.

B）fisheries.

C）oilresources.

D）coastlines.

20.TheethnographermostoftenassociatedwiththeAzandeis

A）BronislawMalinowski.

B）RichardLee.

C）MargaretMead.

D）E.E.Evans-Pritchard.

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Chapter2

TheAztecs:

AncientLegacy,ModernPride

1.AstheMexica（latterknownastheAztec）wanderedinsearchofaplacetosettle,theywereguidedbytheirdeity,Huitzilopotchtli.Howdidtheypayhomagetotheirgodduringtheirtravels?

A）throughritualizedhumansacrifice

B）byengagingtheirneighborsincombat

C）withtheremainsofanimalstheywouldnoteat,suchassnakes

D）throughsongsdemonstratingcomplicatedrhetoricalskills

2.HowdidtheMexicabegintoaccumulateprestigeandrespectamongotherMesoamericanpeoples?

A）Theykepttheirkinlines"pure"byrefusingtomarryexogamously.

B）Theyconvincedotherpeoplestoaccepthumansacrifice.

C）Theymarriedintothesuperiorlineagesoftherulinggroup.

D）Theyprovedtheywereunwillingtoacceptadversity.

3.WhathappenedasMexicapeoplebegantogainpowerincentralMexico?

A）Theybegantolosesuch"barbaric"practicesashumansacrifice.

B）Theybecameincreasinglysociallystratified.

C）Theybeganforthefirsttimetoengageinchinampascultivation.

D）Theylostauniqueculturalidentityandmeltedinwithothergroups.

4.HowdidtheMexicaadapttotimesoffamineinthefifteenthcentury?

A）bypostponingplansforexpansion

B）byconductingmorecannibalistichumansacrifices

C）byincreasingdependencyonnon-agriculturalformsofsubsistence

D）byholdinglargeritualfeastsinhonorofthegoddessofmaize

5.WhatisitthatdistinguishedweaversofdifferentsocialclassesintheurbancentersoftheAztecEmpire?

A）Weaversfromlowerclassesusedawidervarietyofmaterials.

B）Amongthelowerclasses,onlymenwereallowedtoweave.

C）Weaversfromhigherclassesusedhigherqualitymaterials.

D）Amongthehigherclasses,onlymenareallowedtoweave.

6.Wha