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Unit Three.docx

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Unit Three.docx

UnitThree

UnitThree

TheAntandtheGrasshopper

I.NewWords

II.BriefIntroduction

Inthisshortstory,whichischosenfromMaugham’sCollectedShortStories,Maugham,bydescribingtwobrothers’attitudetowardlife,examinesthenatureandinconsistentqualitiesofhumanbeings.

Georgewasahard-workingandrespectablemanwithadescentjobasalawyer.Hewasalsoafaithfulhusbandandalovingfathertofourdaughters.Hebelievedthatindustryshouldberewardedandgiddinesspunished.

HisbrotherTom,however,wasanunscrupulousandgood-for-nothingscoundrel.Hephilanderedwithgirls,danced,ateinmostexpensiverestaurants……Motto:

Whatareyourexpectations/speculationsoftheirrespectiveoldage?

III.CharacterAnalysis

George:

1)aseriousman;

2)alovingfather;

3)respectableandstraightforward;

4)neverunfaithfultohiswifeeveninthought;

5)tomakeapointofsaving…..;

6)alifeofindustryandthrift;

7)ablamelesslife

8)Motto:

Industryisrewardedandgiddinesspunished.

Tom:

1)ablacksheepandasoretrialto….;

2)perfectlyworthless;

3)unscrupulous,wild,thoughtlessandselfish;

4)dishonestanddoesdiscreditableandinfamousthings;

5)todressbeautifullyandphilanderwithwomen;

6)tohaveunfailinggaietyandincrediblecharm;

7)anamusingcompanion.

8)Motto:

Themoneyyouspentonnecessitieswasboring;themoneythatwasamusingtospendwasthemoneyyouspentinluxuries.

IV.Detailedstudies

A.Lines1---18

1.Questions

Whatisthemoralofthefable?

2.Expressions

1)themoralofafable;

2)tobringsthhometosb.:

3)tospendalaborioussummer;

4)togatherthewinterstore;

5)tobecomfortablyprovided;

6)tohaveanemptylarder;

7)savingyourpresence.

3.WordStudies

1)tobringsthhometosb.:

tomakesthexplicitinanemphaticway

Tobringhometothestudentstheimportanceof….;

Thepointisbroughthomeinthearticle.

More:

tomakeoneselfunderstood;togetoneselfacross

4.translationofthepart:

Lines7---11.

5.politelybutinexactly

一、什么叫评注性状语(Commentadjuncts)

英语的状语主要有三种,一种是修饰性状语;二是评注性状语,即用于发表评论或表明看法;三是连接性状语,它在句子中既不起修饰作用,也不表明态度或看法,而是用于句子间起承接作用。

如:

Hediditcarefully.他做这事很仔细。

(carefully为修饰性状语)

Heismad,Ithink.我看他是疯了。

(Ithink为评注性状语)

Helearnseasily,andwhat’smore,herememberswhathehaslearnt.他学习起来很容易,而且他所学习过的都记得住。

(what’smore为连接性状语)

二、评注性状语的种类

1)tobehonest/frank/polite(withyou).

Tobehonest,Idon’tlikehimatall.老实说,我根本不喜欢他。

2)Generally/frankly/honestly/seriouslyspeaking

Generally,mencanrunfasterthanwomen.一般说来,男人比女人跑得快一些。

3)Frankly/briefly/simply/roughlyspeaking,Ilookuponitasapromisingexperiment.坦白地讲,我把它看作一次很有希望的试验。

4)inshort/brief/general/particular/summary/inaword

二、评注性状语的功能

用来解释说话者对自己所述事情的可能性和真实性所持的态度,或表现说话者对所述事情是好还是坏的看法和评判。

如:

Certainlytheymustknowtheresultsofsuchspeeches.肯定他们知道这样发言的

Luckily,thepolicecameintime.幸亏警察及时赶到。

Thesyllabusesofmilitaryacademieswereunderstandablydominatedbythestud

Foolishly,Ididn’twrite thephonenumberdown.我真蠢,没有把电话号码记下

B.Lines19---42

1.Questions

Whatwastheauthor’sresponsetothemoralwhenhefirstreadit?

2.Expressions

1)toascribeAtoB;

2)theinconsequenceofchildhood;

3)toexpressone’sdisapprovalof….;

4)towearanexpressionof…;

5)tostareintospace;

6)tobeinhilariousspirits.

7)Never…….without…….每每。

Nogainswithoutpains;Nosweetwithoutsweat;

Itneverrainswithoutpouring.

Ineversawhimwithoutthinkingof……

3.WordStudies

1)toascribeAtoB;

toascribeone’sfailuretobadluck;

ThepoetryisascribedtoWang.

tocreditAtoB;

toattributeAtoB;

tooweAtoB.

C.Linea43----79

1.Questions

Question3,4,5

2.Expressions

1)ablacksheep;

2)asoretrial;

3)tobeginone’slifedecently;

2)withoutwarning;

3)tolistentonoexpostulations;

4)rumoursofisdoings;

5)tobeprofoundlyshocked;

6)tobecharmingandunscrupulous;

7)torefusesbaloan;

8)tomakeasteadyincome;

9)tobeinsensibletosth…

10)tofalltosb’spromiseof….

11)Tomakeafreshstart;

12)Towashone’shandsof….(togetridof….)

12)Withoutaqualm;

13)Toobligesbwithsth….

14)Forthehonorofthefamily.

WordStudies:

1)Therewaseveryreasontodosth…

所有的,全部的Ifyousaythatsomeone'severywhim,wish,ordesirewillbesatisfied,youareemphasizingthateverythingtheywantwillhappenorbeprovided.

E-doormaybeshut,butdeath'sdoor.

人皆有死。

E-doghasitsday.

[谚]凡人皆有得意之日[时]。

E-manhashisweakside.

人皆有弱点。

E-cloudhasasilverlining.

天无绝人之路;黑暗中常有一线曙光。

 

2)Towashone’shandsof….(getridof….)

robsbofsth;

cheatsbofsth;

deprivesbofsth;

relievesbofsth;

curesbofsth;

clearsbofsth;

healsbofsth;

stripsbofsth;

PossibleanswertoQuestion5

1)byenticement:

HetoldGeorgethatthemoneyyouspent……..ButGeorgewasaseriousmanandinsensibletohisenticement.

2)Bycheating:

Hepromisedtohisbrothertoamendhimself;GeorgewasrespectableandgaveTomconsiderableamountofmoneysothathemightmakeafreshstart,butTomjustspentthemoneyonamotorcarandsomebeautifuljewelry.

3)Byblackmail:

WhenseeingthatGeorgewoulddecidetowashhishandsofhim,Tom,withoutaqualm,beganto………

D.Lines80---93

1.Question

1)WhyGeorgewasinsucharage?

2.Expressions

1)tobeterriblyupset;

2)togointothewholeaffair;

3)tohavegonetoofar;

4)tobevindictive;

5)totakethematterintocourt;

6)tocostsbaninfinitedealoftrouble;

7)tosettledowntheaffair;

8)tobeinarage;

9)tocashthecheque;

10)tospendahappymonth.

3.Translation:

ItcostGeorgean……..Theyspentahappymonththere.

4.Possibleanswer:

(1)TomdidsthillegaltoamancalledCronshawwhowassovindictive.

(2)GeorgewentintothecaseandwasclearthatTomwouldassuredlybeconvictedifprosecuted.

(3)ItcostGeorgeaninfinitedealoftroubleand500poundstosettledowntheaffair.

(4)………?

E.Lines94----107

1.Question

WhatisyourimpressionofTom?

2.Expressions

1)tophilanderwithwomen;

2)tobeanamusingcompanion;

3)tobeperfectlyworthless;

4)toenjoyhissociety;

5)tohavehighspirits,unfailinggaiety;

6)togrudgeone’scontribution;

7)never….without…..

9)tobeinsb’sdebt;

4.WordStudies

1)toenjoyhissociety

(1)●avoid[seek]thesocietyof…..

避免[追求]和...来往[相处]

●bequitofsb.'ssociety

和...断绝来往

●Ienjoyyoursociety.

和您交往真高兴。

●tomoveinpolitesociety

出入上流社会

Toliveinsociety

出入交际界

2)“不得不“的译法

a.Cannotbutdo….

Cannotchoosebutdo….

Cannothelpbutdo…….

b.Cannothelpdoing….

Cannotrefrainfromdoing….

Cannotkeepfromdoing……

 

双重否定句结构:

一、谓语否定+状语否定

例如:

①Youcannotmakeeggrollswithoutbreakingeggs.

不打破鸡蛋,就无法做出蛋卷来。

(即:

有失才有得。

②Hewillnotdoitfornothing.

他不会无缘无故做这件事。

(他做这件事定有企图。

③ShenevercamewithoutreportingsomefreshinstanceofWickham'sextravaganceor

irregularity.

她每一次来的时候,都会讲些有关威克汉姆豪华奢侈生活的新鲜事。

二、主语否定+状语否定

主语否定指主语常由no-word(比如no+名词、nobody、none、nothing、noone等,这些词被称之为绝对否定词)来担当,或主语由not来否定。

①Insomecountriesnomajorbusinessiscarriedonwithouteyecontact,requiringface-to-faceconversation.

在有些国家,一切公事都要面对面地进行,需要当面交谈。

②Thereisnosuccesswithouthardships.

没有磨难,就没有胜利。

(不经历风雨,怎能见彩虹。

③Noneofuswillleaveschoolwithoutlearninganything.

我们毕业时定会学有所成。

④Notastudenthasaccesstothelibrarywithoutshowinghisstudentcard.

不出示学生证,就进入不了图书馆。

三、主语否定+谓语否定

①Nobodydoesnotbelieveinhim.

人人相信他。

(无人不信他。

②Notmanystudentswillnotsucceedinpassingtheexam.

大多数同学会通过考试。

四、谓语否定+宾语否定

①Idonothavenothingtosay.

我有话要说。

②Wecan'taffordnottobelievethemissileattack.

我们不得不相信这导弹袭击是真的。

五、主语否定+宾语否定

①Noonehasnothingtocontributetosociety.

人人对社会都有贡献。

②Nobodyhasnoaccesstothesportingfacilities.

人人都可以使用这些体育器材。

六、主语否定+补语否定

①Nothingisnothingatall.

没有一件事是微不足道的。

(凡事都有重要性。

②Nosmokingisharmless.

吸烟有害健康。

③Noplaceisleftunexploited.

到处都已被开发。

 

3.Translationoftheparagraph

4.PossibleAnswer

1)Indeeds,Tomraced,gambled,andphilanderedprettygirls,ateinexpensiverestaurants,danced….;

2)Inappearance,Tomdressedbeautifully,alwayslookingasifsteppingoutofbandboxandmuchyoungerthanhisrealage…..

3)Incharacter,hehadhighspirits,unfailinggaiety;hewasanamusingcompanion.Hewassopopularthateverybodyknew….

4)Incharm,hewassocharmingandnobodygrudgedtheircontributionstohim;youcouldn’tapproveofhim,yetyoucan’thelplikinghim….

F.Lines104---120

1.Question

WhatisyourimpressionofGeorge?

2.Expressions

1)totakeafortnight’sholiday;

2)tobeindustriousandworthy;

3)tomakeapointofdoingsth.;

4)toretireat….to……

5)torubone’shands.

3.Translationofthewholeparagraph.

because的翻译:

not…because…这一结构中的not有时否定主句,有时否定从句,一般要根据句子的意思做出正确或合乎逻辑的理解。

若not否定主句,最好在because之前用逗号,否则会引起歧义,如下句在没有特定上下文时就有两种解释。

如:

  

  Ididn’tgobecauseIwasafraid.  

  

(1)我没有去是因为怕。

  

  

(2)我不是因为怕才去。

  

  不过若because之前有just修饰,一般认为not是否定从句而不是主句。

如:

  

Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.

你不要因为有人说你坏话而生气。

  

Hewasreadytobelievesomething//notjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.

他并不只是因为亚里士多德说过如何如何,就轻易相信它。

  

4.Answer

1)Georgewasaindustriousanddutifulman,havingnevertakenmorethan….

2)Hewashonestandworthy,neverunfaithfultohiswife;hewasabestfatherto….

3)Hehadathriftylife,makingapointofsavingathirdof…..withaplantoretireat…..

4)Hislifewasblameless.

G.Lines121---theend

1.Questions

1)WhatwasGeorge’sattitudetowardTom?

2.Expressi

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