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UnitThree
UnitThree
TheAntandtheGrasshopper
I.NewWords
II.BriefIntroduction
Inthisshortstory,whichischosenfromMaugham’sCollectedShortStories,Maugham,bydescribingtwobrothers’attitudetowardlife,examinesthenatureandinconsistentqualitiesofhumanbeings.
Georgewasahard-workingandrespectablemanwithadescentjobasalawyer.Hewasalsoafaithfulhusbandandalovingfathertofourdaughters.Hebelievedthatindustryshouldberewardedandgiddinesspunished.
HisbrotherTom,however,wasanunscrupulousandgood-for-nothingscoundrel.Hephilanderedwithgirls,danced,ateinmostexpensiverestaurants……Motto:
Whatareyourexpectations/speculationsoftheirrespectiveoldage?
III.CharacterAnalysis
George:
1)aseriousman;
2)alovingfather;
3)respectableandstraightforward;
4)neverunfaithfultohiswifeeveninthought;
5)tomakeapointofsaving…..;
6)alifeofindustryandthrift;
7)ablamelesslife
8)Motto:
Industryisrewardedandgiddinesspunished.
Tom:
1)ablacksheepandasoretrialto….;
2)perfectlyworthless;
3)unscrupulous,wild,thoughtlessandselfish;
4)dishonestanddoesdiscreditableandinfamousthings;
5)todressbeautifullyandphilanderwithwomen;
6)tohaveunfailinggaietyandincrediblecharm;
7)anamusingcompanion.
8)Motto:
Themoneyyouspentonnecessitieswasboring;themoneythatwasamusingtospendwasthemoneyyouspentinluxuries.
IV.Detailedstudies
A.Lines1---18
1.Questions
Whatisthemoralofthefable?
2.Expressions
1)themoralofafable;
2)tobringsthhometosb.:
3)tospendalaborioussummer;
4)togatherthewinterstore;
5)tobecomfortablyprovided;
6)tohaveanemptylarder;
7)savingyourpresence.
3.WordStudies
1)tobringsthhometosb.:
tomakesthexplicitinanemphaticway
Tobringhometothestudentstheimportanceof….;
Thepointisbroughthomeinthearticle.
More:
tomakeoneselfunderstood;togetoneselfacross
4.translationofthepart:
Lines7---11.
5.politelybutinexactly
一、什么叫评注性状语(Commentadjuncts)
英语的状语主要有三种,一种是修饰性状语;二是评注性状语,即用于发表评论或表明看法;三是连接性状语,它在句子中既不起修饰作用,也不表明态度或看法,而是用于句子间起承接作用。
如:
Hediditcarefully.他做这事很仔细。
(carefully为修饰性状语)
Heismad,Ithink.我看他是疯了。
(Ithink为评注性状语)
Helearnseasily,andwhat’smore,herememberswhathehaslearnt.他学习起来很容易,而且他所学习过的都记得住。
(what’smore为连接性状语)
二、评注性状语的种类
1)tobehonest/frank/polite(withyou).
Tobehonest,Idon’tlikehimatall.老实说,我根本不喜欢他。
2)Generally/frankly/honestly/seriouslyspeaking
Generally,mencanrunfasterthanwomen.一般说来,男人比女人跑得快一些。
3)Frankly/briefly/simply/roughlyspeaking,Ilookuponitasapromisingexperiment.坦白地讲,我把它看作一次很有希望的试验。
4)inshort/brief/general/particular/summary/inaword
二、评注性状语的功能
用来解释说话者对自己所述事情的可能性和真实性所持的态度,或表现说话者对所述事情是好还是坏的看法和评判。
如:
Certainlytheymustknowtheresultsofsuchspeeches.肯定他们知道这样发言的
Luckily,thepolicecameintime.幸亏警察及时赶到。
Thesyllabusesofmilitaryacademieswereunderstandablydominatedbythestud
Foolishly,Ididn’twrite thephonenumberdown.我真蠢,没有把电话号码记下
B.Lines19---42
1.Questions
Whatwastheauthor’sresponsetothemoralwhenhefirstreadit?
2.Expressions
1)toascribeAtoB;
2)theinconsequenceofchildhood;
3)toexpressone’sdisapprovalof….;
4)towearanexpressionof…;
5)tostareintospace;
6)tobeinhilariousspirits.
7)Never…….without…….每每。
。
。
。
。
Nogainswithoutpains;Nosweetwithoutsweat;
Itneverrainswithoutpouring.
Ineversawhimwithoutthinkingof……
3.WordStudies
1)toascribeAtoB;
toascribeone’sfailuretobadluck;
ThepoetryisascribedtoWang.
tocreditAtoB;
toattributeAtoB;
tooweAtoB.
C.Linea43----79
1.Questions
Question3,4,5
2.Expressions
1)ablacksheep;
2)asoretrial;
3)tobeginone’slifedecently;
2)withoutwarning;
3)tolistentonoexpostulations;
4)rumoursofisdoings;
5)tobeprofoundlyshocked;
6)tobecharmingandunscrupulous;
7)torefusesbaloan;
8)tomakeasteadyincome;
9)tobeinsensibletosth…
10)tofalltosb’spromiseof….
11)Tomakeafreshstart;
12)Towashone’shandsof….(togetridof….)
12)Withoutaqualm;
13)Toobligesbwithsth….
14)Forthehonorofthefamily.
WordStudies:
1)Therewaseveryreasontodosth…
所有的,全部的Ifyousaythatsomeone'severywhim,wish,ordesirewillbesatisfied,youareemphasizingthateverythingtheywantwillhappenorbeprovided.
E-doormaybeshut,butdeath'sdoor.
人皆有死。
E-doghasitsday.
[谚]凡人皆有得意之日[时]。
E-manhashisweakside.
人皆有弱点。
E-cloudhasasilverlining.
天无绝人之路;黑暗中常有一线曙光。
2)Towashone’shandsof….(getridof….)
robsbofsth;
cheatsbofsth;
deprivesbofsth;
relievesbofsth;
curesbofsth;
clearsbofsth;
healsbofsth;
stripsbofsth;
PossibleanswertoQuestion5
1)byenticement:
HetoldGeorgethatthemoneyyouspent……..ButGeorgewasaseriousmanandinsensibletohisenticement.
2)Bycheating:
Hepromisedtohisbrothertoamendhimself;GeorgewasrespectableandgaveTomconsiderableamountofmoneysothathemightmakeafreshstart,butTomjustspentthemoneyonamotorcarandsomebeautifuljewelry.
3)Byblackmail:
WhenseeingthatGeorgewoulddecidetowashhishandsofhim,Tom,withoutaqualm,beganto………
D.Lines80---93
1.Question
1)WhyGeorgewasinsucharage?
2.Expressions
1)tobeterriblyupset;
2)togointothewholeaffair;
3)tohavegonetoofar;
4)tobevindictive;
5)totakethematterintocourt;
6)tocostsbaninfinitedealoftrouble;
7)tosettledowntheaffair;
8)tobeinarage;
9)tocashthecheque;
10)tospendahappymonth.
3.Translation:
ItcostGeorgean……..Theyspentahappymonththere.
4.Possibleanswer:
(1)TomdidsthillegaltoamancalledCronshawwhowassovindictive.
(2)GeorgewentintothecaseandwasclearthatTomwouldassuredlybeconvictedifprosecuted.
(3)ItcostGeorgeaninfinitedealoftroubleand500poundstosettledowntheaffair.
(4)………?
E.Lines94----107
1.Question
WhatisyourimpressionofTom?
2.Expressions
1)tophilanderwithwomen;
2)tobeanamusingcompanion;
3)tobeperfectlyworthless;
4)toenjoyhissociety;
5)tohavehighspirits,unfailinggaiety;
6)togrudgeone’scontribution;
7)never….without…..
9)tobeinsb’sdebt;
4.WordStudies
1)toenjoyhissociety
(1)●avoid[seek]thesocietyof…..
避免[追求]和...来往[相处]
●bequitofsb.'ssociety
和...断绝来往
●Ienjoyyoursociety.
和您交往真高兴。
●tomoveinpolitesociety
出入上流社会
Toliveinsociety
出入交际界
2)“不得不“的译法
a.Cannotbutdo….
Cannotchoosebutdo….
Cannothelpbutdo…….
b.Cannothelpdoing….
Cannotrefrainfromdoing….
Cannotkeepfromdoing……
双重否定句结构:
一、谓语否定+状语否定
例如:
①Youcannotmakeeggrollswithoutbreakingeggs.
不打破鸡蛋,就无法做出蛋卷来。
(即:
有失才有得。
)
②Hewillnotdoitfornothing.
他不会无缘无故做这件事。
(他做这件事定有企图。
)
③ShenevercamewithoutreportingsomefreshinstanceofWickham'sextravaganceor
irregularity.
她每一次来的时候,都会讲些有关威克汉姆豪华奢侈生活的新鲜事。
二、主语否定+状语否定
主语否定指主语常由no-word(比如no+名词、nobody、none、nothing、noone等,这些词被称之为绝对否定词)来担当,或主语由not来否定。
①Insomecountriesnomajorbusinessiscarriedonwithouteyecontact,requiringface-to-faceconversation.
在有些国家,一切公事都要面对面地进行,需要当面交谈。
②Thereisnosuccesswithouthardships.
没有磨难,就没有胜利。
(不经历风雨,怎能见彩虹。
)
③Noneofuswillleaveschoolwithoutlearninganything.
我们毕业时定会学有所成。
④Notastudenthasaccesstothelibrarywithoutshowinghisstudentcard.
不出示学生证,就进入不了图书馆。
三、主语否定+谓语否定
①Nobodydoesnotbelieveinhim.
人人相信他。
(无人不信他。
)
②Notmanystudentswillnotsucceedinpassingtheexam.
大多数同学会通过考试。
四、谓语否定+宾语否定
①Idonothavenothingtosay.
我有话要说。
②Wecan'taffordnottobelievethemissileattack.
我们不得不相信这导弹袭击是真的。
五、主语否定+宾语否定
①Noonehasnothingtocontributetosociety.
人人对社会都有贡献。
②Nobodyhasnoaccesstothesportingfacilities.
人人都可以使用这些体育器材。
六、主语否定+补语否定
①Nothingisnothingatall.
没有一件事是微不足道的。
(凡事都有重要性。
)
②Nosmokingisharmless.
吸烟有害健康。
③Noplaceisleftunexploited.
到处都已被开发。
3.Translationoftheparagraph
4.PossibleAnswer
1)Indeeds,Tomraced,gambled,andphilanderedprettygirls,ateinexpensiverestaurants,danced….;
2)Inappearance,Tomdressedbeautifully,alwayslookingasifsteppingoutofbandboxandmuchyoungerthanhisrealage…..
3)Incharacter,hehadhighspirits,unfailinggaiety;hewasanamusingcompanion.Hewassopopularthateverybodyknew….
4)Incharm,hewassocharmingandnobodygrudgedtheircontributionstohim;youcouldn’tapproveofhim,yetyoucan’thelplikinghim….
F.Lines104---120
1.Question
WhatisyourimpressionofGeorge?
2.Expressions
1)totakeafortnight’sholiday;
2)tobeindustriousandworthy;
3)tomakeapointofdoingsth.;
4)toretireat….to……
5)torubone’shands.
3.Translationofthewholeparagraph.
because的翻译:
not…because…这一结构中的not有时否定主句,有时否定从句,一般要根据句子的意思做出正确或合乎逻辑的理解。
若not否定主句,最好在because之前用逗号,否则会引起歧义,如下句在没有特定上下文时就有两种解释。
如:
Ididn’tgobecauseIwasafraid.
(1)我没有去是因为怕。
(2)我不是因为怕才去。
不过若because之前有just修饰,一般认为not是否定从句而不是主句。
如:
Youshouldn’tgetangryjustbecausesomepeoplespeakillofyou.
你不要因为有人说你坏话而生气。
Hewasreadytobelievesomething//notjustbecauseAristotlesaidso.
他并不只是因为亚里士多德说过如何如何,就轻易相信它。
4.Answer
1)Georgewasaindustriousanddutifulman,havingnevertakenmorethan….
2)Hewashonestandworthy,neverunfaithfultohiswife;hewasabestfatherto….
3)Hehadathriftylife,makingapointofsavingathirdof…..withaplantoretireat…..
4)Hislifewasblameless.
G.Lines121---theend
1.Questions
1)WhatwasGeorge’sattitudetowardTom?
2.Expressi