on differences between chinese and westerndietarycultures商英本科学位论文.docx
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ondifferencesbetweenchineseandwesterndietarycultures商英本科学位论文
中国某某某某学校
学生毕业设计(论文)
题目:
OnDifferencesbetweenChinese
andWesternDietaryCultures
姓名:
0000
班级、学号:
0000000000000
系(部):
经济管理系
专业:
商务英语
指导教师:
000000
开题时间:
2008-4-10
完成时间:
2009-11-10
2009年11月10日
目录
毕业设计任务书…………………………………………………1
毕业设计成绩评定表……………………………………………2
答辩申请书……………………………………………………3-5
正文……………………………………………………………6-20
答辩委员会表决意见……………………………………………21
答辩过程记录表…………………………………………………22
课题OnDifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternDietaryCultures
一、课题(论文)提纲
0.引言
1.中西饮食观念的差异
1.1泛食主义者与实用主义者
1.2讲排场和随意简单
2.中西宴会礼仪的差异
2.1出席时间的差异
2.2餐具的差异
3.中西饮食内容的差异
3.1美味与营养
3.2菜名的差异
4.饮食文化差异表现方面
4.1观念方面
4.2对象方面
4.3方式方面
4.4归属方面
4.5性质方面
二、内容摘要
饮食是人类生活、生存与发展的必需,可是由于中西方文化传统的差异,导致了中西方饮食文化在观念、对象、方式、归属与性质方面产生了差异,研究这些差异,找出可以融会贯通的地方,促进中西文化交流。
通过对中西饮食文化差异的分析,我们可以了解中西方各自的文化传统;同时能对中国文化进行改善与创新。
饮食文化的差异也是跨文化交际中影响交际结果的因素之一,从饮食观念、晏会礼仪、饮食内容等方面寻找中西方饮食文化的差异.饮食文化通过跨文化的交流,将会博采众长,不断完善发展,并实现中西文化的交融.
三、参考文献
[1]林语堂.生活的艺术[M].北京:
外语教学与研究出版社,1998.论中西饮食文化差异
[2]毕继万.跨文化非语言交际[M].北京:
外语教学与研究出版社,1999.
[3]EdwardTHall.TheSilentLanguage[M].NewYork:
AnchorBooks,1990.
[4]卞浩宇.论中西饮食文化的差异[J].南京林业大学学报:
人文社会科学版,2004
(2).
[5]网址:
OnDifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternDietaryCultures
00000
Abstract:
Dietisabsolutelynecessaryinthedailylife.BecauseofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternculturaltraditions,Chineseandwesterndietculturesaredifferentinconcept、target、pattern、attributionandnature.Westudythesedifferencesandfindoutthepointsthatcanbedigested,inordertofacilitatetheculturalcommunicationbetweenChinaandthewest.ByanalyzingculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternfood,wecanunderstandtheirownculturaltraditions;atthesametime,carryoutimprovementandinnovationofChineseculture.Differencesindietculturearealsooneofthefactorsaffectingtheresultofcommunicationincross-culturalcommunication.WeshouldfinddifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternfoodculturefromthefoodconcept、banquetandetiquette、dietarycontentetc.DietculturewillconstantlyimproveitselfandachieveablendofEasternandWesternculturesthroughcross-culturalcommunication.
KeyWords:
Dietculture;culturaltradition;differences;Cross-culturalcommunication
0.Introduction
Thereisasayingthat"peopleregardfoodasthesky”.That’stosay,foodisanindispensableconditionforthesurvivalanddevelopmentofhumanbeings.Therearetwodesiresinlife:
oneisfeastingthemselvestosurvive;andtheotheristhelustofmenandwomen,whichhelpsthemankindtocarryonthefamilyline.Facingthetwodesires,Chinesepaymoreattentiontotheformer,whilethewesternerstendtothelatter.Suchphenomenonaffectstheculturaltrend.Dietisactuallythecontentsofourdailylives,butwhywecallitculture?
ThatisbecausethediethasspecialstatusintheChineseculture,andthereisagreatdietdistinctionbetweenChinaandthewest.
Asoneoftheworld’sancientnations,ChinahasahistoryofdietalmostaslongasthatofChinesecivilization.Butinwesterncountries,ancientthinkersdevotedlessattentiontofoodproblemthantheChinesephilosophersdid,andthereisevennoawareofittothe"heaven"degree.Onthecontrary,theyrecognizedandinterpretedtheworldintheperspectiveofthelustorloveofmenandwomenmore.WhethertheawarenessoforiginalsinofChristianity,AdamandEvelegend,orancientGreekphilosophy(suchasPlato'sdialogue)whoconsideredthepersonalrelationships“love”astheloveofontologyofbeauty,andregardeditasarealitythinkingofphilosophy,alltheseideasbecomethebasisofwesternphilosophers’culturalthoughts.Allthesehadpotentialeffectsonthedevelopmentofwesterncultureandwesterners’characters.
Receivingtheinfluenceofrespectiveculturaltradition,theChineseandwesterndietaryculturehashaddifferentcharacteristic.Thedifferencesinconcepts,targets,patterns,attributionandnaturehadreflectedthedifferentdietaryculturesindifferentstatecharacteristic;suchcharacteristichasenrichedtheresearchvalueofdietaryculture.Studyingtheseculturaldifferences,wecanfindoutajointenhancingthecommunicationbetweenChinaandthewestthroughacomprehensivestudyofthesubject.ItmaybeagreathelptothecommunicationoftheChineseandwesterncultures.
1.DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterndietconcepts
Westerndiettendstobescientificandrational,buttheChinesediettendstobeartandsentimental.Cookingisfromdiet;theoriginoffoodisalife-sustainingnutrition.Therefore,thefocusofwesterndietisonlytheextensionoftheoriginaldietpracticality.TheemphasisontheflavorofChinesecuisinecatersthediettotheartsfield.
1.1Pan-foodactivistsandpragmatists
InChina,Theformofeatingimpliesarichpsychologicalandculturalsignificanceaswellaspeople’sawarenessandunderstandingtogainamoreprofoundsocialsignificance,hasalreadyevolvedintoakindofsocialandpsychologicaladjustment.TherearemanyscholarsoftheChinesepeopleofthisunique"Hungerbreedsdiscontent"conceptcalledthe"pan-food-ism"culturalinclinations.Languageisthecarrierofcultureandmirrorthatreflectsculture.This"pan-food-ism"tendencyinChineseculturehasbeenmostfullyreflected.
Chinesepeoplefocuson"HeavenandMan",andWesternersfocuson"people-oriented."Chinesepeoplebelievethatcookingisanart,whiletheWesternersinsistoncookingthemealsthroughouttheusefulnessoffeatures,fromanutritionalpointofview,theimportanceoffoodonhumanhealth.LinYutangoncesaid:
"theconceptofaWesterner'sdietisdifferentfromthatofaChinese.TheAnglo-Americanpeopleeatonlytofillthebiologicalmachinewithfuel,toensureitsnormaloperation.Aslongastheycanmaintaingoodhealth、bestrongenoughtofightagainstbacteriaordiseaseattacks,theotheraspectsareinsignificant."
1.2Pompandarbitrarysimple
By"bethriftyonhousekeepingandhospitalityontreatingguest",theChineseareveryparticularaboutthepomp,usuallyaformaldinnerhasatleast7or8dishes,notincludingthecold、snacksatthebeginning,thedessertinthemiddleandthestaplefoodattheend(noodles,rice,etc.).Themorevaluablethedishesare,themoretheycanreflectthehost'shospitality.Westerngrandfeastisusuallynothingbutsixdishes,inwhichonlytwocanberegardedasfood,therestisfoil.Generalbanquets、mealsareeasier.ItcanbeseenthattheWestdon’temphasizethevarietyorquantityoffoodmuch,insteadtheytendtocreateadiverseandfreeform.Theownermustdoeverythingpossibletocreatearelaxed,harmoniousandjoyfulatmosphere,sothatguestscanenjoythefreedomofthegoodtime.Theywillgatherandshareamealasanopportunitytocommunicate.Food,ofcourse,isessential,butnotthemostimportantthing,thesamewithpomp.
2.DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternsinbanquetetiquette
ChinaandtheWestarefastidiousaboutdinneretiquette;culturaldifferencesarisebecauseoftheirdifferentpartyetiquette.Moreattentionshouldbepaidtodifferencesinpartyetiquettethatmakecross-culturalcommunicationbetter.
2.1Tablewaredifference
Therearedifferencesinthechoiceofeatingutensilsundertheinfluenceofdifferentcultures,ethnicgroups.TheChinesepeopleusechopstickswhileWesternersuseknivesandforks.Chineselikepeacefulandstablelifeandareagainstaggressionbecauseofthelongtermimpactoffarmingculture.Westerncountries,duetotheimpactofhuntingculture,areassertiveoraggressiveandwillingtotakerisks.Chinesepeopleliketousearound-table、chopsticksformeal,reflectingtheHarmony;Westernersgenerallyusesquaretable,andtheknifeandforkisportrayedasasenseofthebrutalkillingfurious.ButwiththedevelopmentofeconomicexchangesbetweenChineseandWestern,thereisnotsomuchsignificantdifferencebetweentheusesoftableware.TherearemoreandmorewesternerswholearnedtousechopstickstoeatChinesefood.
2.2Onthetimedifference
Edward•Hall,awell-knownAmericananthropologistandoneofthefoundersofInterculturalCommunication,proposedtheconceptofhumantime.therearetwokindsofculturalpatterns,namely,"unityoftime"(Monochronic2timeorM2time)andthe"timediversification"(Polychronic2time或P2time)
3.DifferencesinthecontentofChineseandWesternfood
3.1Tasteandnutrition
TheChinesepeopleregardthepursuitofdeliciousenshrinedastheprimarypurposeofeating.TheChinesepeopleattachtoomuchimportancetothetaste,butpaynoattentiontonutrition.Whilethewesternersneglectcookingflavor,oratleastdon’tregarditastheprimarypurpose.AstheWesternthinkingisdifferentfromthatofChinese,westerndiethasheavyemphasisonscienceandnutrition,andnutritionactsasthesupremecriterion.Eatingistoamanwhatfuelingistoamachine.Suchthingasfollowarejustright:
consideringprotein、fat、carbohydrate、vitaminsandallkindsofinorganicelementsandthesupplyofcalories,whetherornottheirconsumptionofnutrientsisabletobefullyabsorbedwithoutsideeffects.
Allthesematteralotwhilecooking,whilethecolor、smellandtasteofthedishesisjunior.France,whichissecondtononeintheWesternondiet,hasafoodculturethatisinmanywayssimilartoours,butwhenexposedtonutritionalproblems,thetwosidesareopposite.
3.2Differencesinnamesofdishes
ManyChinesenameofthedishoftencontainsmuchhistoricalandculturalinformation."DongpoMeat,"forexample,itiscooked