on differences between chinese and westerndietarycultures商英本科学位论文.docx

on differences between chinese and westerndietarycultures商英本科学位论文.docx

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ondifferencesbetweenchineseandwesterndietarycultures商英本科学位论文

中国某某某某学校

学生毕业设计（论文）

题目：

OnDifferencesbetweenChinese

andWesternDietaryCultures

姓名：

0000

班级、学号：

0000000000000

系（部）：

经济管理系

专业：

商务英语

指导教师：

000000

开题时间：

2008-4-10

完成时间：

2009-11-10

2009年11月10日

目录

毕业设计任务书…………………………………………………1

毕业设计成绩评定表……………………………………………2

答辩申请书……………………………………………………3-5

正文……………………………………………………………6-20

答辩委员会表决意见……………………………………………21

答辩过程记录表…………………………………………………22

课题OnDifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternDietaryCultures

一、课题（论文）提纲

0.引言

1.中西饮食观念的差异

1.1泛食主义者与实用主义者

1.2讲排场和随意简单

2.中西宴会礼仪的差异

2.1出席时间的差异

2.2餐具的差异

3.中西饮食内容的差异

3.1美味与营养

3.2菜名的差异

4.饮食文化差异表现方面

4.1观念方面

4.2对象方面

4.3方式方面

4.4归属方面

4.5性质方面

二、内容摘要

饮食是人类生活、生存与发展的必需，可是由于中西方文化传统的差异，导致了中西方饮食文化在观念、对象、方式、归属与性质方面产生了差异，研究这些差异，找出可以融会贯通的地方，促进中西文化交流。

通过对中西饮食文化差异的分析，我们可以了解中西方各自的文化传统；同时能对中国文化进行改善与创新。

饮食文化的差异也是跨文化交际中影响交际结果的因素之一，从饮食观念、晏会礼仪、饮食内容等方面寻找中西方饮食文化的差异.饮食文化通过跨文化的交流，将会博采众长，不断完善发展，并实现中西文化的交融.

三、参考文献

[1]林语堂.生活的艺术[M].北京:

外语教学与研究出版社,1998.论中西饮食文化差异

[2]毕继万.跨文化非语言交际[M].北京:

外语教学与研究出版社,1999.

[3]EdwardTHall.TheSilentLanguage[M].NewYork:

AnchorBooks,1990.

[4]卞浩宇.论中西饮食文化的差异[J].南京林业大学学报:

人文社会科学版,2004

（2）.

[5]网址：

OnDifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternDietaryCultures

00000

Abstract:

Dietisabsolutelynecessaryinthedailylife.BecauseofthedifferencesbetweenChineseandwesternculturaltraditions,Chineseandwesterndietculturesaredifferentinconcept、target、pattern、attributionandnature.Westudythesedifferencesandfindoutthepointsthatcanbedigested,inordertofacilitatetheculturalcommunicationbetweenChinaandthewest.ByanalyzingculturaldifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternfood,wecanunderstandtheirownculturaltraditions;atthesametime,carryoutimprovementandinnovationofChineseculture.Differencesindietculturearealsooneofthefactorsaffectingtheresultofcommunicationincross-culturalcommunication.WeshouldfinddifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternfoodculturefromthefoodconcept、banquetandetiquette、dietarycontentetc.DietculturewillconstantlyimproveitselfandachieveablendofEasternandWesternculturesthroughcross-culturalcommunication.

KeyWords：

Dietculture;culturaltradition;differences；Cross-culturalcommunication

 0.Introduction

Thereisasayingthat"peopleregardfoodasthesky”.That’stosay,foodisanindispensableconditionforthesurvivalanddevelopmentofhumanbeings.Therearetwodesiresinlife:

oneisfeastingthemselvestosurvive;andtheotheristhelustofmenandwomen,whichhelpsthemankindtocarryonthefamilyline.Facingthetwodesires,Chinesepaymoreattentiontotheformer,whilethewesternerstendtothelatter.Suchphenomenonaffectstheculturaltrend.Dietisactuallythecontentsofourdailylives,butwhywecallitculture?

ThatisbecausethediethasspecialstatusintheChineseculture,andthereisagreatdietdistinctionbetweenChinaandthewest.

Asoneoftheworld’sancientnations,ChinahasahistoryofdietalmostaslongasthatofChinesecivilization.Butinwesterncountries,ancientthinkersdevotedlessattentiontofoodproblemthantheChinesephilosophersdid,andthereisevennoawareofittothe"heaven"degree.Onthecontrary,theyrecognizedandinterpretedtheworldintheperspectiveofthelustorloveofmenandwomenmore.WhethertheawarenessoforiginalsinofChristianity,AdamandEvelegend,orancientGreekphilosophy（suchasPlato'sdialogue）whoconsideredthepersonalrelationships“love”astheloveofontologyofbeauty,andregardeditasarealitythinkingofphilosophy,alltheseideasbecomethebasisofwesternphilosophers’culturalthoughts.Allthesehadpotentialeffectsonthedevelopmentofwesterncultureandwesterners’characters.

Receivingtheinfluenceofrespectiveculturaltradition,theChineseandwesterndietaryculturehashaddifferentcharacteristic.Thedifferencesinconcepts,targets,patterns,attributionandnaturehadreflectedthedifferentdietaryculturesindifferentstatecharacteristic;suchcharacteristichasenrichedtheresearchvalueofdietaryculture.Studyingtheseculturaldifferences,wecanfindoutajointenhancingthecommunicationbetweenChinaandthewestthroughacomprehensivestudyofthesubject.ItmaybeagreathelptothecommunicationoftheChineseandwesterncultures.

1.DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesterndietconcepts

Westerndiettendstobescientificandrational,buttheChinesediettendstobeartandsentimental.Cookingisfromdiet;theoriginoffoodisalife-sustainingnutrition.Therefore,thefocusofwesterndietisonlytheextensionoftheoriginaldietpracticality.TheemphasisontheflavorofChinesecuisinecatersthediettotheartsfield.

1.1Pan-foodactivistsandpragmatists

InChina,Theformofeatingimpliesarichpsychologicalandculturalsignificanceaswellaspeople’sawarenessandunderstandingtogainamoreprofoundsocialsignificance,hasalreadyevolvedintoakindofsocialandpsychologicaladjustment.TherearemanyscholarsoftheChinesepeopleofthisunique"Hungerbreedsdiscontent"conceptcalledthe"pan-food-ism"culturalinclinations.Languageisthecarrierofcultureandmirrorthatreflectsculture.This"pan-food-ism"tendencyinChineseculturehasbeenmostfullyreflected.

Chinesepeoplefocuson"HeavenandMan",andWesternersfocuson"people-oriented."Chinesepeoplebelievethatcookingisanart,whiletheWesternersinsistoncookingthemealsthroughouttheusefulnessoffeatures,fromanutritionalpointofview,theimportanceoffoodonhumanhealth.LinYutangoncesaid:

"theconceptofaWesterner'sdietisdifferentfromthatofaChinese.TheAnglo-Americanpeopleeatonlytofillthebiologicalmachinewithfuel,toensureitsnormaloperation.Aslongastheycanmaintaingoodhealth、bestrongenoughtofightagainstbacteriaordiseaseattacks,theotheraspectsareinsignificant."

1.2Pompandarbitrarysimple

By"bethriftyonhousekeepingandhospitalityontreatingguest",theChineseareveryparticularaboutthepomp,usuallyaformaldinnerhasatleast7or8dishes,notincludingthecold、snacksatthebeginning,thedessertinthemiddleandthestaplefoodattheend（noodles,rice,etc.）.Themorevaluablethedishesare,themoretheycanreflectthehost'shospitality.Westerngrandfeastisusuallynothingbutsixdishes,inwhichonlytwocanberegardedasfood,therestisfoil.Generalbanquets、mealsareeasier.ItcanbeseenthattheWestdon’temphasizethevarietyorquantityoffoodmuch,insteadtheytendtocreateadiverseandfreeform.Theownermustdoeverythingpossibletocreatearelaxed,harmoniousandjoyfulatmosphere,sothatguestscanenjoythefreedomofthegoodtime.Theywillgatherandshareamealasanopportunitytocommunicate.Food,ofcourse,isessential,butnotthemostimportantthing,thesamewithpomp.

2.DifferencesbetweenChineseandWesternsinbanquetetiquette

ChinaandtheWestarefastidiousaboutdinneretiquette;culturaldifferencesarisebecauseoftheirdifferentpartyetiquette.Moreattentionshouldbepaidtodifferencesinpartyetiquettethatmakecross-culturalcommunicationbetter.

2.1Tablewaredifference

Therearedifferencesinthechoiceofeatingutensilsundertheinfluenceofdifferentcultures,ethnicgroups.TheChinesepeopleusechopstickswhileWesternersuseknivesandforks.Chineselikepeacefulandstablelifeandareagainstaggressionbecauseofthelongtermimpactoffarmingculture.Westerncountries,duetotheimpactofhuntingculture,areassertiveoraggressiveandwillingtotakerisks.Chinesepeopleliketousearound-table、chopsticksformeal,reflectingtheHarmony;Westernersgenerallyusesquaretable，andtheknifeandforkisportrayedasasenseofthebrutalkillingfurious.ButwiththedevelopmentofeconomicexchangesbetweenChineseandWestern，thereisnotsomuchsignificantdifferencebetweentheusesoftableware.TherearemoreandmorewesternerswholearnedtousechopstickstoeatChinesefood.

2.2Onthetimedifference

Edward•Hall,awell-knownAmericananthropologistandoneofthefoundersofInterculturalCommunication,proposedtheconceptofhumantime.therearetwokindsofculturalpatterns,namely,"unityoftime"（Monochronic2timeorM2time）andthe"timediversification"（Polychronic2time或P2time）

3.DifferencesinthecontentofChineseandWesternfood

3.1Tasteandnutrition

TheChinesepeopleregardthepursuitofdeliciousenshrinedastheprimarypurposeofeating.TheChinesepeopleattachtoomuchimportancetothetaste,butpaynoattentiontonutrition.Whilethewesternersneglectcookingflavor,oratleastdon’tregarditastheprimarypurpose.AstheWesternthinkingisdifferentfromthatofChinese,westerndiethasheavyemphasisonscienceandnutrition,andnutritionactsasthesupremecriterion.Eatingistoamanwhatfuelingistoamachine.Suchthingasfollowarejustright:

consideringprotein、fat、carbohydrate、vitaminsandallkindsofinorganicelementsandthesupplyofcalories,whetherornottheirconsumptionofnutrientsisabletobefullyabsorbedwithoutsideeffects.

Allthesematteralotwhilecooking,whilethecolor、smellandtasteofthedishesisjunior.France，whichissecondtononeintheWesternondiet,hasafoodculturethatisinmanywayssimilartoours,butwhenexposedtonutritionalproblems,thetwosidesareopposite.

3.2Differencesinnamesofdishes

ManyChinesenameofthedishoftencontainsmuchhistoricalandculturalinformation."DongpoMeat,"forexample,itiscooked