Unit 4 Work and Workforce.docx

Unit 4 Work and Workforce.docx

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Unit4WorkandWorkforce

Unit4WorkandWorkforce

PartIWarmingup

A.

CategoryWhy

1ReentrywomenWantingtogobackto.work

2Peoplewhohavedead-WantingaCareerwithatotmore

endjobsearningpotential

3PeoplewhohaveCareersBurnedout

Lookingforsomekindoftransitionintoanotherindustry

4.Peoplewhoseetheirindustrydryupandshrink

Wantingtransitionintothecomputerindustry

4Peoplewhoarehappyintheirjobs

Gainingmorecomputerexpertiseinordertoadvance

Planningonstayingintheirjobs

Tapescript:

I-IvyK-Kate

（IvyMillerinterviewsKateBellowaboutaprogramthatretainswomenforcomputerjobs.Andwhy:

）

I.We'vekindofgoneovertherange,butcouldyoutelluswhogenerallytakesthisprogram?

Youhave30students,yougettoknowthem,Iguess,fairlywell.

K:

Ido.

I:

Who...whoarethesepeople?

K:

BasicallytheyfallintoIwouldsayfivecategories.Westillhavethereentrywoman,thewomanwho'sbeenathomeraisingherkids,andhasdecidedsheneedstoorwantstogobacktowork.IwasthatcategorywhenIwentthroughtheprogram;I'magraduateoftheprogram.

Thenwehavepeoplewhohavejobs.They'redead-endjobs,they'renotusingtheirintelligence,andtheyreallywantacareerwithalotmoreearningpotential.

Wegetpeoplewhohavecareers,theirfirstcareers,thethingsthattheytrainedfor--they'reteachers,nurses,medtechs,andthey'retotallyburnedout,andthey'relookingforsomekindoftransitionintoanotherindustry.

Wealsogetthosewhoareseeingtheirindustrydryupandshrink.Igetalotofpeopleoutof"theoilpatch"-petroleumengineersandgeophysicistswhosay,"Hey,Idon'twanttomovetoHouston;I'dliketostayinDenver.'Andsothey're...theyhavedecidedthattheywanttotransitionintothecomputerindustry.

Andthenwealsogetsomepeoplewho'rereallyhappyintheirjobs,they'redoingexactlywhattheywantexceptbecausethecomputeristakingover,theyneedtogainmorecomputerexpertiseinordertoadvance,andsothey'replanningonstayingintheirjobs.

B.

JobKeywords

Speaker1Psychologistlistening/talk/problems/patients

/progress/turnlifearound

Speaker2Campcounselorkids/problems/wintrust/openup/developconfidence&self-worth/summer

Speaker3Firefighterburning/smoke/getpeopleout/

dangerous

Tapescript:

1.Psychologist

Maybethebiggestchallengeformeislisteningtopeopletalkaboutalltheirproblems.Attheendoftheday,I'musuallyprettywornout.Attimes,itcanbedepressingaswell.Ontheotherhand,Idoseepatientsmakingrealprogress.It'sgreattoseesomeonereallyturntheirlifearoundandgetontopofaproblemthattheythoughttheynevercoulddealwith.

2.Campcounselor

Asacampcounselor,it'sdifficulttofindawaytogetthroughtokidswithproblemsandwintheirtrust.Sometimeskidsareverysuspiciousandfindithardtotrustanadult--evenayoungadult.Sogettingthemtoopenupisthehardestpart.Onceyou'vedonethat,theyalmostbecomedifferentpeople.OneofthethingsIfindmostrewardingisseeingkidsdevelopconfidenceandasenseofself-worth.It'sespeciallygreattoseethathappeninakidwhostartedoutthesummerwithlowself-esteem.

3.Firefighter

Itsoundsprettyobvious,butinmyjob,thebiggestchallengeisgoingintoaburningbuildingthat'sfullofsmokewhenyoucanbarelyseeafewinchesinfrontofyou.It'sreallydifficult--especiallywhenyouknowtherearepeopleinthere,andit'syourjobtogetthemout.Onceyoudogetsomeoneoutsafely,thenyoufeelreallygreatandyouforgetabouthowdangeroustheworkis.

C.

Speaker1forminghisownmusicgroup

（Justin）recordingalbum/makingmusicvideo

breakingintomusicsceneinabigway

Speaker2beingadoctor

（Sophia）workingfirstoverseasthenbackhome

inahospital

Speaker3beingamodel

（Rachel）startingherownmodelingagency

Tapescript:

1.Justin

WhatdoIhopeI'llhaveachievedbythetimeI'm30?

Well,IhopeI'llhavemadeasuccessfulcareerinthemusicindustry.Rightnow,IplayinabandandI'dlovetobeabletodothatprofessionally.Iplantoformagroupofmyowninafewyears.Oncewegetknown,we'llrecordanalbum-andmakemusicvideos,ofcourse-andtrytobreakintothemusicsceneinabigway.

2.Sophia

Iplantobeadoctor.WhenI'vegraduatedfrommedschoolandfinishedwithmyinterning,Iwanttoworkoverseasforafewyears.I'llprobablyworkinadevelopingcountrywithanorganizationlikeUNICEF.Afterthat,I'llcomebackhomeandworkinahospital.Idon'treallycareifImakealotofmoneyornot,butIdowanttoworksomewherewhereIfeelIcanmakeadifference.

3.Rachel

I'mplanningtobeamodel.I'vealreadyhadsomemodelingexperience,andafterIgraduate,I'mgoingtoseeifIcangetajobwithanagencyinNewYorkorLosAngeles.I'llprobablyworkasamodelfortenyearsorso,andthenIhopetostartamodelingagencyofmyown.

D.Readthefollowingdifficultsentencesandlisten.

1.Anincreasedlevelofstressaffectsusphysicallybyproducingcertainchangesinthebodysuchasincreasedheartorbreathingrate,dilationofthepupils,orourbloodpressureandsugarlevelcangoup.

2.Itseemsthesedayswe'reconstantlylisteningtoeachothercomplainaboutbeingstressedoutandfeelingavarietyoftheseresponseswhichyou'vejustmentioned.

PartIIAmericansatWork

A.

B.

AmericansatWork

I.Introduction

IIAmericanworkforce

A.Distributions

B.Workingwomen

1.Workingfemalesaged16andover--58%

2.Motherswithchildrenunder18--67%

III.Workethic

A.Definitionofstrongworkethic

B.MostAmericans--withastrongworkethic

C.Reasonfornotworkingharder--notfeelingtheywillbenefitfromthework

Tapescript.

ThetopicofworkintheUnitedStatesisaninterestingonebecausethestatisticsdonotalwaysagreewithpopulargeneralimpressionsaboutAmericanworkersandtheAmericaneconomy.Iwilltrytoreconciletheseimpressionswithwhatweknowfromsomerecentstatistics.Togetyouwarmedup,letmegiveyouafewquestionstothinkaboutbeforeIstartthefirstpointofourlecturetoday:

DoyouthinkmostAmericansworkinfactoriesthatproducegoodsfordomesticuseandexportation?

DoyouthinkmostAmericanwomenarehousewives,ordomostofthemworkoutsidethehome?

DoyouthinkpeopleintheUnitedStatesworkhard?

Iftimepermits,I'lldealwitheachofthesepointsintoday'slecture.

So,then,wheredomostpeopleintheUnitedStateswork?

Ifyouthoughtinthemanufacturingsector,inotherwordsinfactories,youwerewrong.ItistruethattheUnitedStatesis,andisseenas,astrongindustrialpower,butthestatisticsrevealthatanotherbranchoftheeconomyisevenstrongerthanmanufacturing.InsteadofdealingwiththelargefiguresrequiredwhendiscussingatotalU.S.workforceof125millionpeople,let'stakealookat100hypotheticalworkersandSeewherethey'reemployed.Ofthose100workers,16workinmanufacturing,thatis,inproducinggoods.Another4workinconstruction,and3workinagriculture,forestry,andfishing.And1outof100workersisemployedinmining.Youmightfindthefiguresformanufacturingandagriculturesurprisinglylow,andinasensetheyare.TheUnitedStatesisinfactaleadingproducerofmanufacturedgoodsandagriculturalproductsintheworld;however,asurprisinglysmallnumberofworkers,16outof'100formanufacturing,andonly2perhundredforagriculturealone,isresponsibleforthisoutput.Theabovefiguresaccountfor24ofthe100hypotheticalworkerswestartedwith.Wheredotheother76work?

Well,afull76areemployedinwhatarecalledtheserviceindustries.Bytheway,thetermindustryoftenappliespurelytoproduction,ormanufacturing.Today,however,Iwilluseindustryinitsmoregeneralsense,anygeneralbusinessactivity.Serviceindustries,then,includeawidevarietyofbusinessesthatprovideservicesratherthanproducegoods.Youknowthedifferencebetweengoodsandservices,don'tyou?

Let'stakealookatthedifferentsectorsoftheserviceindustriesnow.Of76'workersintheserviceindustries,25areemployedincommunity,social,andpersonalservices.Community,social,andpersonalservicesincludedoctors'offices,privatehospitals,hotels,computerprogramminganddataprocessingcompanies,restaurants,repairshops,engineeringcompanies,andprivateresearchfacilities.Thenextlargestsectorintheserviceindustries,wholesaleandretailtrade,employs23ofthe76people.Wholesaletradeinvolvespurchasesdirectlyfromtheproducer,whileretailtradeismorefamiliartous.purchasesfromdepartmentstores,supermarkets,automobiledealerships,andsoon.

Thenextlargestsectorintheserviceindustries,thegovernment,employs17ofthose100hypotheticalworkerswestartedwith.Thebest-knowngovernmentworkersareteachers,police,andpostalworkers,butthissectoralsoincludesgovernmentofficialsandadministrators,ofcourse.Thenextsectorisfinance,insurance,'andrealestate,inotherwords,banksandthestockmarket,some5,500insurancecompanies,andcompaniesinvolvedinthebuyingandsellingofproperty.Sixofevery100workersareemployedinfinance,insurance,andrealestate.Thelastservicesectoristransportation,communication,andutilities.Whatdoesthephrase"transportation,communication,andutilities"makeyouthinkof?

Ifyouthoughtofairlines,roads,andrailroadsfortransportation,youarecorrect.Communication,ofcourse,includesnewspapers,magazines,andbooksaswellasTVandradiobroadcasting.Andutilities,asyou