上外自主招生真题.docx

上外自主招生真题.docx

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上外自主招生真题

（试卷一）

PartINoteTaking

1.Thereasonthatthespeakerwasinvitedtospeakherewasthathe_________.

2.Ageekisthepersonwho__________.

3.Thereareover______facultymembersand_____differentdepartmentandprogramsinUM..

4.Tocastawidenet,thespeakerencouragesfreshmento_____.

5.Anerdisthepersonwho________.

6.Toencouragestudentsto_____and_______isthepurposeofauniversity.

7.Aneducatedpersonshouldbe______besidesageekandnerd.

8.Thespeakermentionedtheanimalstoillustratethat_________.

9.ThespeakerispopularwithMinnesotaUniversitystudentsbecause_____.

10.Theaudienceofthelectureis________.

PartIIListeningComprehension

PartOne

11.WhatistheaimofAmoldSchwarzeneggerwhenhefirstcametoAmerica?

A.Hewantstobeafamousactor.

B.Hewantstobecomeafamousbodybuilder.

C.Hewantstobeapolitician.

D.HewantstobeaMr.Universe.

12.AsaforeignerbackinthedayswhenAmoldSchwarzeneggerwasabodybuilder,whatdidhedotochangehislife?

A.Togotoschool.

B.TolearnEnglish

C.Tomakemoney

D.Towinchampionshiponeafteranother.

13.Whatdowelearnaboutmostteenagepeople’slearninginAustria?

A.Theygotocollegesanduniversities.

B.Theyjointhemilitaryarmy.

C.Theylearntradeswhichcanhelpthemmakealiving.

D.Theydon’tlearnforeignlanguagesinAustria.

14.WhichofthefollowingclassesisNOTincludedinthecounselor’sadvicetoGovernorSchwarzenegger?

A.Economics.B.Businessadministration.C.Math.D.PoliticalScience

15.Lookingbackonthefortunehemadeinthepast,GovernorSchwarzeneggerowedmuchto_____.

A.MakingmoviesB.investingmoneyinrealestate

B.Findingtherightcounselortogiveadvice.D.havingagoodknowledgeofmath.

PartTwo

16.WhatdoesSchwarzeneggerdowiththemoneyhemadefrommakingmovies?

A.Heputitinthepark.B.Hespentit.

C.Hedonatedittoschool.D.Heinvestedit.

17.AccordingtotheSchwarzenegger,itisenoughtogotoschoolwhenyou_____.

A.arenotfeelingexcited.B.startanothernewsemester

Cdon’tknowwhatyouraimisD.don’tliketheclassesoffered.

18.Whatdothestudentshavetodorightnow?

A.ThinkabouttheirfuturelifeB.Havethepatiencetoread.

CAchievetheirgoals.D.Studyhard.

19.Howmanywaysarementionedtobesuccessful?

A.OneB.TwoC.ThreeD.Four

20.Freshmencantakeallthefollowingpiecesofadviceexcept______.

A.RealestateinvestmentB.greatvision

C.pursuitofyourgoalD.besteducation

PartIIIVocabulary

21.Increased______betweendifferentpoliceforceswillimprovetherateofsolvingcrimes.

A.reactionB.retaliationC.interferenceD.interaction

22.Thegeneralartscourseattheuniversity______awiderangeofsubjects.

A.ensuresB.encompassesC.encampsD.encloses

23.Their_____fromthecompetitionwasagreatsurprise.

A.eliminationB.erosionC.extinctionD.emancipation

24.The_____ofpricesmakebusinessmanhesitantaboutinvestinginthisarea.

A.fluctuationsB.declinesC.reductionsD.discounts

25.Theforthcomingfloodcallsforthe_____ofthousandsofpeople.

A.evaluationB.eradicationC.evasionD.evacuation

26.Theshortageoffundsandtheinadequatefacilitieshavebeena____ontheresearcher’sscientificprojects.

A.drainB.dragC.barrierD.source

27.Thescientisthavethreepossible______foritssource.

A.ProspectsB.visionsC.arenasD.scenarios

28.Theaveragedifferenceinheightbetweenmenandwomenisn’tas____inpoorcountriesasitisinrichcountries.

A.ProportionalB.compellingC.pronouncedD.infinite

29.Inmedicineasinlaw,government,andotherlinesofwork,therequirementofhonestyoftenseem____bygreaterneeds.

A.evaluationB.outweighC.necessitatedD.dwarfed

30.Theroadisopennowtofacilitatethetrafficflowfromthecapitaltothecoastalregions.

A.assistB.distributeC.decreaseD.cut

31.ThereformplanofBeijingUniversityhastriggeredanextensivedebateamongscholarsrecently.

A.activatedB.arisenC.conceivedD.ushered

32.AmutationisachangeinDNA,thehereditarymaterialoflife.

A.reactionB.interactionC.alterationD.deviation

33.Thehighcourtupheldthelowercourt’sverdictandtheygotthecompensation.

A.devotionB.decisionC.pledgeD.promise

34.Thesurprisediscoveryoverwhelmedthearchaeologistswithpleasure.

A.dominatedB.descendedC.blendedD.beset

35.Wivessaythatmenareinvariablychildrenatheart.

A.seriouslyB.sometimesC.occasionallyD.always

36.Studiesshowthatsuchverbalsuperioritymaycontinueintoadulthood.

A.intellectualB.mentalC.lexicalD.physical

37.Suchnegativeattitudescanbeharmfultotheimplementationofthelanguageprogram.

A.addictiveB.detrimentalC.vulnerableD.adverse

38.Thereareanumberoffactorswhichtendtohinderimpartialandobjectiveinvestigations.

A.beanobstacletoB.beaunderwayto

C.beastunttoD.beasubsidyto

39.TheoriginalcriticismsaimedatthewholeideaoftheNobelPrizehavefadedaway.

A.implementedB.disappearedC.supplementedD.submitted

PartIVReadingComprehension

（1）

HowDoInternetSearchEnginesWork?

JavedMostafa

Ithasbeenestimatedthattheamountoftextualinformationaccessibleviasearchenginesisatleast40timeslargerthanthedigitizedcontentofallthebooksintheLibraryofCongress,theworld’slargestlibrary.Itisachallengetoprovideaccesstosuchalargevolumeofinformation,yetcurrentsearchenginesdoremarkablywellinsiftingthroughthecontentandidentifyingrelatedlinkstoqueries.

Thereisamultitudeofinformationprovidersontheweb.Theseincludethecommonlyknownandpubliclyavailablesources----sometimesreferredtoasthe“hiddenweb”---ismuchlargerthanthepublicwebintermsoftheamountofinformationtheyprovide.ThislattergroupincludessourcessuchasLexis-Nexis,DialogandIngenta.Theyremainhiddenforvariousreasons:

theymaynotallowotherinformationprovidersaccesstotheircontent;theymayrequiresubscription;ortheymaydemandpaymentforaccess.Thisarticleisconcernedwiththeformergroup,thepubliclyavailablewebsearchservices,collectivelyreferredtohereassearchengines.

Searchenginesemployvarioustechniquestospeedupsearches.Someofthecommontechniquesarebrieflydescribedbelow.

PreprocessedData

Onewaysearchenginessavetimeisbypreprocessingthecontentoftheweb.Thatis,whenauserissuesaquery,itisnotsenttomillionsofwebsites.Instead,thematchingtakesplaceagainstpreprocesseddatastoredinonesite.Thepreprocessingiscarriedoutwiththeaidofasoftwareprogramcalledacrawler.Thecrawlerissentoutperiodicallybythedatabasemaintainerstocollectwebpages.Aspecializedcomputerprogramanalyzestheretrievedpagestoextractwords.Thesewordsarethenstoredalongwiththelinkstothecorrespondingpagesinanindexfile.Users’queriesarematchedagainstthisindexfile,notagainstotherwebsites.

SmartRepresentation

Inthistechnique,therepresentationfortheindexiscarefullyselectedwithaneyetowardminimizingsearchtime.Informationscientistshaveproducedanefficientdatastructurecalledatreethatcanguaranteesignificantlyshorteroverallsearchtimecomparedwithsearchesconductedagainstasequentiallist.Toaccommodatesearchesconductedbymanyuserssimultaneouslyandeliminate“waitqueues”,theindexisusuallyduplicatedonmultiplecomputersinthesearchsite.

PrioritizingResults

TheURLsorlinksproducedasaresultofsearchersareusuallynumerous.Butduetoambiguitiesoflanguage（forinstance,“windowblind”versus“blindambition”）,theresultinglinkswouldgenerallynotbeequallyrelevanttoauser’squery.Toprovidequickeraccesstothemostrelevantrecords（andtoplacethematornearthetop）,thesearchformulaappliesvariousrankingstrategies.Acommonrankingmethodknownasterm-frequency-inversedocument-frequency（TFIDF）considersthedistributionofwordsandtheirfrequenciesandgeneratesnumericalweightswherebywordssignifyingtheirimportanceinindividualdocuments.Itproduceswordweightswherebywordsthatarehighlyfrequent（suchas‘or’,“to”or‘with’）andthatappearinmanydocumentshavesubstantiallylessweightthanwordsthataresemanticallymorerelevantandappearinrelativelyfewdocuments.

Inadditiontotermweighting,webpagescanbeweightedusingotherstrategies.Forexample,linkanalysisconsidersthenatureofeachpageintermsofitsassociationwithotherpages;namelyifitisanauthority（numberofotherpagesthatpointtoit）orahub（numberofpagesitpointsto）.ThishighlysuccessfulGooglesearchengineuseslink-analysistoimprovetherankingofitssearchresults.

ContextandDistance

Inordertoidentifythemostrelevantlinksquickly,certainsearchenginescomparequerytermstocontextualinformationsuchasrecentqueriestheuserssubmitted.Thistechniqueissometimesreferredtoasquerycatching,andinvolvescollectingthewordsfromrecentqueriesandusingthesewordstodisambiguate,refineorexpandthecurrentquery.Anotherwaycertaininformationproviderscanspeedupthedeliveryofsearchresultsisbyusingadistributeddeliverymodel,wherebycopiesoftheindexandrelatedcontentareduplicatedandmovedtomultiplegeographicallocationssoastoshortenthenetworkdistancebetweenusersandcontent.Thecontentprovidersworkwiththird-partyservicestoimplementdistributedcontentdelivery.

Limitations

Therearecostsassociatedwithsomeofthespeed–uptechniquedescr