Surveillance Colonoscopy Is CostEffective for Patients With Adenomas Who Are at High Risk of Colore.docx

Surveillance Colonoscopy Is CostEffective for Patients With Adenomas Who Are at High Risk of Colore.docx

《Surveillance Colonoscopy Is CostEffective for Patients With Adenomas Who Are at High Risk of Colore.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《Surveillance Colonoscopy Is CostEffective for Patients With Adenomas Who Are at High Risk of Colore.docx（22页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

SurveillanceColonoscopyIsCostEffectiveforPatientsWithAdenomasWhoAreatHighRiskofColore

Multigrainsedimentation/erosionmodelbasedoncross-shoreequilibriumsedimentdistribution:

Applicationtonourishmentdesign  OriginalResearchArticle

Estuarine,CoastalandShelfScience,Volume67,Issue4,May2006,Pages664-672

FangjunLi,ChrisDyt,CedricGriffiths

 Closepreview  |  Relatedarticles  |  Relatedreferenceworkarticles    

AbstractAbstract|Figures/TablesFigures/Tables|ReferencesReferences

Abstract

Inthelightofglobalwarmingandsealevelrisetherearemanycoastalbeachesthatsufferfromerosion.Beachnourishmenthasbecomeacommonpracticetomaintainthesedimentbalanceonashore-face.Inthispaper,athree-dimensionalnumericalmodelforevaluatinglong-termimpactofbeachnourishmentprojectshasbeendeveloped.Themodeladdressesthelongstandingcomplexissueofcoastalmorphologyandsedimentgrainsizedistributionfromanunconventionalangle,whichexploitsthestronglinksbetweengrainsizedistributionandtheprevailingtransportdirectionofeachsedimentconstituentunder‘average’waveandstormaction.Thepresentmodelpredictstheredistributionofnourishedsedimentaccordingtothesubtlecluesimpliedbyequilibriumdistributioncurvesandlatestcoastalwavetransformationtheories.AfterverificationagainstrecentfieldobservationsinTerschelling,TheNetherlands,themodelwasusedtopredictlong-termeffectsofdifferentbeachnourishmentstrategies.Itwasfoundthat:

（a）giventhesourcesedimentavailableinTerschellingthetacticsoflargevolumeandlessfrequentimplementationarebetterthanotherwise;and（b）fromapureengineeringpointofview,waterlinenourishmentoutperformsoffshoretroughnourishment.

Themodeloffersanadditionaltoolforcoastalengineerstoevaluatethefeasibility,effectivenessandtheoptimizationofdumpinglocationsforbeachnourishmentprojects.Itisalsoausefultoolforstratigraphicmodellingofshallow-marinesedimentationinconjunctionwithsealevelchanges.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Equilibriumcurvebasedcoastalsedimenttransportmodel

3.StudyareaofTerschelling

3.1.Sedimentdistributioninthenaturalsystems

3.2.Comparisonbetweentheoriginalandsuppliedsediment

4.Multigraincoastalsedimentationmodelimplementation

5.Modelresults

6.Conclusionsandrecommendations

Acknowledgements

References

Purchase

$35.95

683

Cognitivedevelopmentinmacaques:

Attentionalset-shiftinginjuvenileandadultrhesusmonkeys  OriginalResearchArticle

Neuroscience,Volume157,Issue1,11November2008,Pages22-28

M.R.Weed,R.Bryant,S.Perry

 Closepreview  |  Relatedarticles  |  Relatedreferenceworkarticles    

AbstractAbstract|Figures/TablesFigures/Tables|ReferencesReferences

Abstract

Inhumansandnonhumanprimates,thestructureandfunctionoffrontalcorticalregionsofthebrainarenotcompletelydevelopeduntilearlyadulthood.Howthiscorticaldevelopmentaffectscognitivefunctioncontinuestobeelucidated.Tothatend,thisexperimenttestedtheabilityofjuvenileandadultrhesusmonkeystoperformacognitivetaskthatisdependentuponintactfrontalcorticalfunctionforoptimalperformance.Twenty-fourjuvenile（meanage2.3years）and16adult（meanage10.3years）rhesusmonkeysweretestedontheCambridgeNeuropsychologicalTestAutomatedBatteryintradimensional/extradimensionalset-shifting（ID/ED）task.PerformanceontheID/EDtaskhasbeenshowntobedependentuponfrontalcorticalfunctioninbothhumansandnonhumanprimates.Comparedwithadults,juvenileswereimpairedonthereversalofsimplediscrimination,intradimensionalshift,reversalofintradimensionalshift,andtheextradimensionalshiftstagesofthetask.Theseresultsindicatejuvenilescommittedmoreperseverativeerrorsandmoreerrorsontheset-formationandset-shiftingcomponentsoftheID/EDtask.Thedevelopmentalstageofthejuvenilemonkeyscorrespondstoroughly5to6-year-oldchildren,andtheseresultsareconsistentwithperformanceofhumanchildrenandadultsonsimilarID/EDtestsandonseveralothertestsofattentionalset-shiftingorattentionalflexibility.Furthermore,theseresultsareconsistentwiththeongoingdevelopmentoffrontalcorticalstructuresrelatingtoongoingcognitivedevelopmentinnonhumanprimates.

ArticleOutline

Experimentalprocedures

Subjects

Apparatus

Initialtrainingprocedure

Visualdiscriminationtrainingprocedure

ID/EDprocedure

Statisticalanalysis

Results

Discussion

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Purchase

$31.50

684

Adolescentdevelopment,hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenalfunction,andprogrammingofadultlearningandmemory  ReviewArticle

ProgressinNeuro-PsychopharmacologyandBiologicalPsychiatry,Volume34,Issue5,30June2010,Pages756-765

CherylM.McCormick,IvaZ.Mathews

 Showpreview  |  Relatedarticles  |  Relatedreferenceworkarticles    

Purchase

$41.95

685

UsingPHREEQCformodellingandsimulationofdynamicleachingtestsandscenarios  OriginalResearchArticle

JournalofHazardousMaterials,Volume157,Issues2-3,15September2008,Pages525-533

L.Tiruta-Barna

 Closepreview  |  Relatedarticles  |  Relatedreferenceworkarticles    

AbstractAbstract|Figures/TablesFigures/Tables|ReferencesReferences

Abstract

ThispaperpresentsanextensionoftheapplicationfieldofPHREEQCgeochemicalsoftwareformodellingthedynamicleachingtests（andscenarios）bytakingintoaccounttheleachantcompartmentascomplexreactive/transportsystemandthecouplingofmanyreactivecompartmentslinkedbysubstancefluxes.

Thisstudyfocusesonthespecificcaseofdynamicleachingofmonolithicporousmaterials（particularlythecaseofcontinuousmonolithicleachingtest,CMLT）wherereaction/diffusionoccursintheporousmatrixandwheretheleachantisacomplexreactorinwhichchemistrycoupledwithinter-phasemasstransferandconvectionprocessestakeplace.

Itisdemonstratedherethatthemodellingofopenreactors（convection）ispossiblewithPHREEQCbyusingRATESandKINETICSkeyworddatablocks.ThePHREEQCmodelwasvalidatedbyresultscomparisonwithanalyticalsolutionsofthesystemequations.

Couplingadiffusioncompartmentwithanopenreactor（complexboundaryconditionsforthediffusionequation）requirestheintroductionofastagnantcellonthefirstgridcellofthediffusioncompartmentinTRANSPORTdatablockandtheuseofMIXfunctionformodelthemonolith/leachantinterfacetransfer.TheproposedmodelwasvalidatedbycomparisonwithnumericalsolutionsobtainedwithMATLABandbyanumericalsensibilitystudy.

Finally,themodelequationsaregivenforacomplexdynamicleachingprocessofaporousmonolithinvolvingbesidereaction/diffusioninthemonolith,reactions,interfacemasstransfers,gasabsorptionandconvectionintheleachant.ExamplesofPHREEQCmodellingarepresented:

（1）thecaseofcontinuousleachingofacementbasedmaterialusingcarbonatedwaterand

（2）afieldscalewaterstoragepoolconstructedwithasolidified/stabilisedmaterial.Thecomparisonwiththeexperimentalleachingdatashowsthesimulationresultsareverysatisfying.

ArticleOutline

1.Introduction

2.Dynamicleachingtestsandscenarios

3.ModellingofopenstirredreactorswithPHREEQC

4.Couplingadiffusioncompartmentwithanopenstirredreactor

5.DynamicleachingmodelusingPHREEQC

6.Conclusions

References

Purchase

$41.95

686

Desertificationduetoovergrazinginadynamiccommerciallivestock–grass–soilsystem  OriginalResearchArticle

EcologicalModelling,Volume205,Issues3-4,24July2007,Pages277-288

JavierIbáñez,JaimeMartínez,SusanneSchnabel

 Closepreview  |  Relatedarticles  |  Relatedreferenceworkarticles    

AbstractAbstract|Figures/TablesFigures/Tables|ReferencesReferences

Abstract

Inthisarticle,adynamicsimulationmodelispresented,designedtoaddtotheunderstandingofcommerciallivestock–grass–soilsystemsand,especially,theprocessesofdesertificationduetoovergrazing.Themodelhastwokeyinnovativefeatures:

（i）thejointdynamictreatmentofthethreementionedstockvariablesand（ii）theconsiderationoflivestockdynamicsdeterminedbyeconomicvariables.Themainpossiblebehavioursoftheresultingthree-dimensionalsystemarepresentedanditisshownthattherearesignificantdifferenceswithrespecttothesubsystemconstrainedtolivestockandgrassesasconsideredintheliteraturetodate.Afteranalysingthemodelqualitatively,weareabletoproposesomeearlywarningindicatorsoftheriskoflong-termdesertificationduetoovergrazing.Inthisarticle,weillustratetheuseofthoseindicatorsinthreehypothetical,yetlikelyextensivelivestockfarmingscenariosinSpain.

ArticleOutline

1.Desertificationinextensivelivestock–farmingsystems

2.Descriptionofadynamiclivestock–grass–soilsystem

2.1.Stateequationforlivestock

2.2.Stateequationforgrass

2.3.Stateequationforsoil

3.Modelisoclines

3.1.Livestocknumbers

3.2.Soilisocline

3.3.Grassisocline

4.Desertificationofthegrass–soilsubsystemwithoutlivestock

5.Desertificationofthelivestock–grasssubsystemwithabundantsoil

6.Desertificationinthewhole（L,G,S）system

7.Indicatorsofdesertificationriskduetoovergrazing

8.Examplesofapplicationofthedesertificationriskindicatorsduetoovergrazing

8.1.Cattlefarmedondehesasinsouth-westernSpain

8.2.Sheepfarmedondehesasinsouth-westernSpain

8.3.Goatsfarmedonpasturesinsouth-easternS