Surveillance Colonoscopy Is CostEffective for Patients With Adenomas Who Are at High Risk of Colore.docx

1、Surveillance Colonoscopy Is CostEffective for Patients With Adenomas Who Are at High Risk of ColoreMultigrain sedimentation/erosion model based on cross-shore equilibrium sediment distribution: Application to nourishment designOriginal Research ArticleEstuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Volume 67,

2、 Issue 4, May 2006, Pages 664-672Fangjun Li, Chris Dyt, Cedric GriffithsClose preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractIn the light of global warming and sea level rise there are many coastal beaches that

3、 suffer from erosion. Beach nourishment has become a common practice to maintain the sediment balance on a shore-face. In this paper, a three-dimensional numerical model for evaluating long-term impact of beach nourishment projects has been developed. The model addresses the longstanding complex iss

4、ue of coastal morphology and sediment grain size distribution from an unconventional angle, which exploits the strong links between grain size distribution and the prevailing transport direction of each sediment constituent under average wave and storm action. The present model predicts the redistri

5、bution of nourished sediment according to the subtle clues implied by equilibrium distribution curves and latest coastal wave transformation theories. After verification against recent field observations in Terschelling, The Netherlands, the model was used to predict long-term effects of different b

6、each nourishment strategies. It was found that: (a) given the source sediment available in Terschelling the tactics of large volume and less frequent implementation are better than otherwise; and (b) from a pure engineering point of view, waterline nourishment outperforms offshore trough nourishment

7、. The model offers an additional tool for coastal engineers to evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness and the optimization of dumping locations for beach nourishment projects. It is also a useful tool for stratigraphic modelling of shallow-marine sedimentation in conjunction with sea level changes.

8、Article Outline1. Introduction2. Equilibrium curve based coastal sediment transport model3. Study area of Terschelling 3.1. Sediment distribution in the natural systems3.2. Comparison between the original and supplied sediment4. Multigrain coastal sedimentation model implementation5. Model results6.

9、 Conclusions and recommendationsAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 35.95683Cognitive development in macaques: Attentional set-shifting in juvenile and adult rhesus monkeysOriginal Research ArticleNeuroscience, Volume 157, Issue 1, 11 November 2008, Pages 22-28M.R. Weed, R. Bryant, S. PerryClose pre

10、view| Related articles|Related reference work articles AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractIn humans and nonhuman primates, the structure and function of frontal cortical regions of the brain are not completely developed until early adulthood. How this cort

11、ical development affects cognitive function continues to be elucidated. To that end, this experiment tested the ability of juvenile and adult rhesus monkeys to perform a cognitive task that is dependent upon intact frontal cortical function for optimal performance. Twenty-four juvenile (mean age 2.3

12、 years) and 16 adult (mean age 10.3 years) rhesus monkeys were tested on the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery intradimensional/extradimensional set-shifting (ID/ED) task. Performance on the ID/ED task has been shown to be dependent upon frontal cortical function in both humans and

13、 nonhuman primates. Compared with adults, juveniles were impaired on the reversal of simple discrimination, intradimensional shift, reversal of intradimensional shift, and the extradimensional shift stages of the task. These results indicate juveniles committed more perseverative errors and more err

14、ors on the set-formation and set-shifting components of the ID/ED task. The developmental stage of the juvenile monkeys corresponds to roughly 5 to 6-year-old children, and these results are consistent with performance of human children and adults on similar ID/ED tests and on several other tests of

15、 attentional set-shifting or attentional flexibility. Furthermore, these results are consistent with the ongoing development of frontal cortical structures relating to ongoing cognitive development in nonhuman primates.Article OutlineExperimental procedures SubjectsApparatusInitial training procedur

16、eVisual discrimination training procedureID/ED procedureStatistical analysisResultsDiscussionConclusionAcknowledgementsReferencesPurchase$ 31.50684Adolescent development, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function, and programming of adult learning and memoryReview ArticleProgress in Neuro-Psychopharma

17、cology and Biological Psychiatry, Volume 34, Issue 5, 30 June 2010, Pages 756-765Cheryl M. McCormick, Iva Z. MathewsShow preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles Purchase$ 41.95685Using PHREEQC for modelling and simulation of dynamic leaching tests and scenariosOriginal Research Art

18、icleJournal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 157, Issues 2-3, 15 September 2008, Pages 525-533L. Tiruta-BarnaClose preview| Related articles|Related reference work articles AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractThis paper presents an extension of the applicatio

19、n field of PHREEQC geochemical software for modelling the dynamic leaching tests (and scenarios) by taking into account the leachant compartment as complex reactive/transport system and the coupling of many reactive compartments linked by substance fluxes. This study focuses on the specific case of

20、dynamic leaching of monolithic porous materials (particularly the case of continuous monolithic leaching test, CMLT) where reaction/diffusion occurs in the porous matrix and where the leachant is a complex reactor in which chemistry coupled with inter-phase mass transfer and convection processes tak

21、e place. It is demonstrated here that the modelling of open reactors (convection) is possible with PHREEQC by using RATES and KINETICS keyword data blocks. The PHREEQC model was validated by results comparison with analytical solutions of the system equations. Coupling a diffusion compartment with a

22、n open reactor (complex boundary conditions for the diffusion equation) requires the introduction of a stagnant cell on the first grid cell of the diffusion compartment in TRANSPORT data block and the use of MIX function for model the monolith/leachant interface transfer. The proposed model was vali

23、dated by comparison with numerical solutions obtained with MATLAB and by a numerical sensibility study. Finally, the model equations are given for a complex dynamic leaching process of a porous monolith involving beside reaction/diffusion in the monolith, reactions, interface mass transfers, gas abs

24、orption and convection in the leachant. Examples of PHREEQC modelling are presented: (1) the case of continuous leaching of a cement based material using carbonated water and (2) a field scale water storage pool constructed with a solidified/stabilised material. The comparison with the experimental

25、leaching data shows the simulation results are very satisfying.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Dynamic leaching tests and scenarios3. Modelling of open stirred reactors with PHREEQC4. Coupling a diffusion compartment with an open stirred reactor5. Dynamic leaching model using PHREEQC6. ConclusionsR

26、eferencesPurchase$ 41.95686Desertification due to overgrazing in a dynamic commercial livestockgrasssoil systemOriginal Research ArticleEcological Modelling, Volume 205, Issues 3-4, 24 July 2007, Pages 277-288Javier Ibez, Jaime Martnez, Susanne SchnabelClose preview| Related articles|Related referen

27、ce work articles AbstractAbstract | Figures/TablesFigures/Tables | ReferencesReferences AbstractIn this article, a dynamic simulation model is presented, designed to add to the understanding of commercial livestockgrasssoil systems and, especially, the processes of desertification due to overgrazing

28、. The model has two key innovative features: (i) the joint dynamic treatment of the three mentioned stock variables and (ii) the consideration of livestock dynamics determined by economic variables. The main possible behaviours of the resulting three-dimensional system are presented and it is shown

29、that there are significant differences with respect to the subsystem constrained to livestock and grasses as considered in the literature to date. After analysing the model qualitatively, we are able to propose some early warning indicators of the risk of long-term desertification due to overgrazing

30、. In this article, we illustrate the use of those indicators in three hypothetical, yet likely extensive livestock farming scenarios in Spain.Article Outline1. Desertification in extensive livestockfarming systems2. Description of a dynamic livestockgrasssoil system 2.1. State equation for livestock

31、2.2. State equation for grass2.3. State equation for soil3. Model isoclines 3.1. Livestock numbers3.2. Soil isocline3.3. Grass isocline4. Desertification of the grasssoil subsystem without livestock5. Desertification of the livestockgrass subsystem with abundant soil6. Desertification in the whole (

32、L, G, S) system7. Indicators of desertification risk due to overgrazing8. Examples of application of the desertification risk indicators due to overgrazing 8.1. Cattle farmed on dehesas in south-western Spain8.2. Sheep farmed on dehesas in south-western Spain8.3. Goats farmed on pastures in south-eastern S