专四语法复习从句篇.docx
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专四语法复习从句篇
专四语法复习-从句篇
从句专题
从句引导词的确定
从句引导词通常起两个作用①引导和连接主从句
②在从句中作某种成分
答题依据:
看它在句中做什么成分、表达什么意义
(一)主语从句
引导词:
从属连词—that,whether
连接代词—what,which,who,whom
连接副词—when,where,why,how
1Thatheisalwaysreadytohelpothersisknowntoall.
2Insomecountries,____iscalled“equality”doesn’treallymeanequalrightforequalpeople.
AwhichBwhatCthatDone
答案B
(二)宾语从句
引导词:
从属连词—that,whether,if
连接代词—what,which,who,whom(词尾加-ever加强语气)
连接副词—when,where,why,how
1Bysuccess,Idon’tmean___usuallythoughtofwhenthatwordisused.
AwhatisBthatweCasyouDallis
2Weagreedtoaccept___theythoughtwasthebesttouristguide.
AwhicheverBwhoeverCwhateverDwhomever
3Thebasicfeaturesofcommunicationprocessareidentifiedinonequestion:
whosays___throughwhatchanneltowhom?
AwhatBhowCwhenDsuch
4AlthoughAnneishappywithhersuccess,shewonders___willhappenonherprivatelife.
AthisBthatCitDwhat
AthatBwhichCinwhichDwhose
2Themerefact____mostpeoplebelievenuclearwarwouldbemadnessdoesnotmeanthatitwillnotoccur.
AwhatBwhichCthatDwhy
答案AC
(五)定语从句
1定语从句引导词起三个作用:
1连接作用
②在从句中作某种成分
③替代先行词(因此从句中不能再有先行词或其代词)
2引导词:
关系代词—that,which,who,whom,as,whose
关系副词—when,where,why→介词+关系代词which
n.短语+从句:
themoment/eachtime/thedistance…+…
that,which:
先行词为事、物,在句中可作主语、宾语;
who,whom:
先行词为人,在句中可作主语、宾语;
whose:
先行词为人、事、物,在句中作定语;
as—先行词被thesame,such修饰或先行词本身就是thesame,such
--引导非限定性定语从句,代替整个句子,在从句中作主语或宾语
Istillrememberthedaywhen/onwhichImetherforthefirsttime.
Thatwastheyearwhen/inwhichhewasborn.
Thisistheroomwheretheylivedfortenyears.
that/whichtheylivedinfortenyears.
inwhichtheylivedfortenyears.
Asiswellknown,Romeisnotbuiltinaday.
Asweallknow,Romeisnotbuiltinaday.
①Thisisthecity___________.
AIliketovisititmostBIliketovisitmost
CImostliketovisitDImostliketovisitit
②Beeristhemostpopulardrinkamongmaledrinkers,____overallconsumptionissignificantlyhigherthanthatofwomen.
AwhoseBwhichCthatDwhat
③Thehours____thechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwithTVpeopleundoubtedlyaffecttheirrelationshipswithreal-lifepeople.
AwhenBonwhichCthatDinwhich
答案:
BAC
3只用that:
①先行词既包括人又包括物
②先行词前有不定代词修饰或先行词本身为指物不定代词/复合不定代词时
③先行词前有表示唯一概念的词修饰时
④先行词被序数词、adj.最高级修饰时
⑤先行词为疑问pron.时
Hetalkedloudlyofthemenandthebooksthatattractedhim.
Allthatglittersisnotgold.
Thereislittle/nothingthatIcando.
Heistheonlypersonthatisreliable.
Whothathavestudiedwithhimdonotadmirehim?
Nothingisdifficultforonewhosetshismindtoit.
4介词+关系代词
不定pron./数词+介词+关系代词which/whom/whose+n.
解题依据:
①介词与关系代词(即先行词)为固定搭配
②介词与从句中某一词为固定搭配
1Agriculturewasastepinhumanprogress___whichsubsequentlytherewasnothingcomparableuntilourownmachineage.
AtoBforCinDfrom
2Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextent____whichapricechangewillaffectsupplyanddemand.
AfromBtoCforDwith
3Iboughtadozeneggs,____brokewhenIdroppedtheboxatthedoor.
AsixeggsBsixeggsofthem
CsixofthemDsixofwhich
4Heintroducedmetohisstudents,___offeredtogowithmeasaguide.
AoneofthemBonestudent
ConeofwhomDoneofwhich
5Theresidents,____hadbeendamagedbythefire,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.
AalloftheirhomesBalltheirhomes
CwhoseallhomesDallofwhosehomes
6Thisisthetheory____whichhisexperimentisbased.
AfromBtoConDfor
答案:
ABDCDC
(六)状语从句
1时间状语从句
常见引导词:
when,while,until/till,as,before,after,since,whenever,
assoonas,once,each/everytime…
nosooner…than…
hardly/scarcely…when…
考点:
when—“正在这时…
before/after:
Itisalongtimebefore/after…
since:
Itis/was…since…(完成时)…
until/till①not…until…
②强调句式:
Itis/wasnotuntil+从句+that+主句
③not提到句首,句子倒装→
Notuntil+时间状语(从句)+部分倒装的主句
nosooner…than…&hardly/scarcely…when…
①时态:
主句--过去完成时;从句--过去时
②否定副词提到句首,句子要部分倒装
1)Ihadjuststartedbackforthehousetochangemyclothes____I
heardvoices.
AasBwhenCafterDwhile
2)Nosoonerhadwereachedthetopofthehill____weallsatdowntorest.
AwhenBthenCthanDuntil
3)Doingyourhomeworkisasurewaytoimproveyourtestscores,andthisisespeciallytrue___itcomestoclassroomtests.
AwhenBsinceCbeforeDafter
4)Amanescapedfromtheprisonlastnight.Itwasalongtime____theguardsdiscoveredwhathadhappened.
AbeforeBuntilCsinceDafter
5)Youseethelightning____ithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.
AtheinstantBforaninstant
ContheinstantDinaninstant
6)Itwasalmost10years___Ihadseenherlasttime.
AbeforeBafterCwhenDsince
答案:
BCAAAD
2地点状语从句
常见引导词:
where,wherever
Boysalwaysgotoswimwherethewaterisdeep.
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
3原因状语从句
常见引导词:
because,as,for(并列句),since,that,inthat,nowthat
seeing(that)…;given(that)…
Shewasdisappointedthatherserviceshadbeenoverlookedbyhersuperiors.
Givenherinterestinchildren/
Given(that)sheisinterestedinchildren,I’msureteachingistherightcareerforher.
Seeing(that)hewasbetter,theydidn’tsendforthedoctor.
because着重指直接的原因或理由,其所引导的从句为全句的重心,用以直接回答why的问题,在本组词中语气最强。
既可放在句首,也可放在主句之后。
JustbecauseIdon’tcomplain,youmustn’tsupposethatI’m
satisfied.
Hehadtoaskhisneighborforaridebecausehiscarwasbeingrepaired.
as多用于口语中,使用本词引导的从句时,主句为全句的重心,从句只是附带地指出原因或理由,语气比because和since弱,通常用于句首,如放在主句后,所说明的原因一般是对方知道的。
Ashewasn’treadyintime,wewentwithouthim.
Weremainedathomeasitwasraining.
for着重指附加或推断的理由、根据、解释,连接的是相对独立的并列句,不能用于句首。
Iaskedhertostaytotea,forIhadsomethingtotellher.
since可放在句首或主句之后,有时与as同义,有让步的含义,着重指双方均已熟悉或稍加分析既可明白的理由,有时也指产生行动的自然原因,口语中较为少用。
Sinceeveryoneishere,let’sbeginourclass.
Sincewe’venomoney,wecan’tbuyit.
4结果状语从句
常见的引导词:
so(并列句),that,sothat…;so…that…;such…that…;
Itwassocoldthattheriverhadfrozen.
ItwassuchaninterestingstorythatIcouldn’tstopreadingit.
5目的状语从句
常见引导词:
that,sothat…;inorderthat…;
lest,forfearthat…;incase…(虚拟语气)
Mandoesnotlivethathemayeat,buteatsthathemaylive.
Hereismytelephonenumbersothatyoucancallmewhenyouarriveherenexttime.
Theyhadtogetupveryearlyinorderthattheywouldn’tmisstheexpresstrain.
I’llbekindtoherlestshedecidetoleaveme.
Hejottedthenamedownforfearthatheshouldforgetit.
Here’ssomemoneyincaseyoushouldneedit.
6条件状语从句
常见引导词:
if,unless,as/solongas,incase,onconditionthat,
providing/provided(that)…
suppose/supposing(that)…
Youcan’tpasstheexamunlessyouworkharder.
Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwillgotoschoolbytaxi.
Icanlendyoumydictionaryaslongasyoucankeepitclean.
Pleaseletmeknowincasehecomes.
Shewouldbepreparedtocometotheparty,provided/providingthatshecouldbringherdaughter.
Supposing/Supposeallthedoorswerelocked,howwouldyougetintothehouse?
7让步状语从句
常见引导词:
though,although,as,evenif/though,while
forallthat...(尽管…);whether…or…;
nomatter+特殊疑问词/特殊疑问词+-ever
Evenifitisrainingveryhard,hewouldstillgototakecareoftheyoungtreesintheschoolyard.
Heisagoodcomradeforallthathemayhaveshortcomingsandfaults.
注:
1as引导让步状语从句,须用倒装语序。
倒装情况:
a把从句中作表语的adj./n.提到句首;若表语为单数可数名词,提前时要省略(即去掉)不定冠词
b把从句中作状语的adv.提到句首
c有时把从句中的谓语动词原形提到句首
Difficultastheworkwas,itwasfinishedontime.
Childasheis,hecanspeakEnglishfluently.
MuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreetohissuggestion.
Failashedid,hewouldtryagain.
2though引导让步状语从句可倒装可不倒装;although引导让步状语从句不能倒装
Verylatethoughitwas,theywentonworking./
Thoughitwasverylate,theywentonworking.
Airexistseverywherealthoughwecan’tseeit.
3nomatter+特殊疑问词/特殊疑问词+-ever引导让步状语从句,从句中有时要用虚拟语气:
may+动词原形或直接用动词原形;有时还要用倒装语序。
注意词序:
nomatterhow/however+adj./adv.+…
nomatterwhat/whatever+n.+…
Howeverrichpeopleare,theyalwaysseemanxioustomakemoney.
Nomatterwhatdifficultieswemayhave,wehaveconfidenceinourselves.
Whatevermaycome,wewon’tleavetheworkhalfdone.→
Comewhatmay,wewon’tleavetheworkhalfdone.
Whoeveryoube,youhavenorighttodosuchathing.
4whether…or…引导让步状语从句,常省略whether,且把动词原形be提到句首。
Berichorpoor,heiskindtoeverybody.(Whetherheisrichorpoor)
Befriendorfoe,thelawregardshimascriminal.(Whetherheisafriendorafoe,…)
8方式状语从句
常见引导词:
as,asif/though(有时用虚拟语气)
WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.
Helooksasifheisill.(Heisreallyill.)
Hetalksasifhewereascholar.(Infact,heisnotascholar.)
Hespeaksasifhehadseenitwithhisowneyes.(Actually,hedidn’t
seeitatall.)
Itlooksasifitmightrain.
9比较状语从句
常见引导词:
as/so…as…;…than…;Themore…,themore…
thesame…as…;thesameas…;such…as…
HeknewaboutthenewcomerasmuchasIdid.
Hefinishedtheexamearlierthanhisclassmatesdid.
Sheisthesameageasyou.
Wearenotsuchfoolsastobelievehim.
Theharderyouwork,themoreachievementyouwillmake.
注意:
1排斥问题
ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.
ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica.
2替代问题:
one/ones;that/those
在比较从句中为了避免重复,常用that/those,one/ones代替前面出现的名词:
that指物,one既可指人也可指物;that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,those代替可数名词复数;one代替可数名词单数,ones代替可数名词复数;重复的名词后面有of短语时,常用that/those代替;重复的名词前有形容词修饰时,常用one/ones代替。
Theuptrainsarefullerthanthedownones.
Theengineofyourcarisbetterthanthatofmine.
3比较对象一致、主谓一致及时态等问题
ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanAmerica.(wrong)
ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofAmerica.
4倍数表达法a倍数+比较级+than
b倍数+n.+as+原级+as/
倍数+as+原级+n.+as
c倍数+n.短语(the+n.+of)
d倍数+thatof