国际经济学作业答案第四章.docx

国际经济学作业答案第四章.docx

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国际经济学作业答案第四章

1Chapter4ResourcesandTrade:

TheHeckscher-OhlinModel

1⏹ MultipleChoiceQuestions

1.Inthe2-factor,2goodHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,aninfluxofworkersfromacrosstheborderwould

（a）movethepointofproductionalongtheproductionpossibilitycurve.

（b）shifttheproductionpossibilitycurveoutward,andincreasetheproductionofbothgoods.

（c）shifttheproductionpossibilitycurveoutwardanddecreasetheproductionofthelabor-intensiveproduct.

（d）shifttheproductionpossibilitycurveoutwardanddecreasetheproductionofthecapital-intensiveproduct.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

D

2.Inthe2-factor,2goodHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,thetwocountriesdifferin

（a）tastes.

（b）militarycapabilities.

（c）size.

（d）relativeavailabilitiesoffactorsofproduction.

（e）laborproductivities.

Answer:

D

3.Inthe2-factor,2goodHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,achangefromautarky（notrade）totradewillbenefittheownersof

（a）capital.

（b）therelativelyabundantfactorofproduction.

（c）therelativelyscarcefactorofproduction.

（d）therelativelyinelasticfactorofproduction.

（e）thefactorofproductionwiththelargestelasticityofsubstitution.

Answer:

B

4.Inthe2-factor,2goodHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,achangefromautarky（notrade）totrade

（a）willtendtomakethewagesinbothcountriesmoresimilar.

（b）willequalizethewagesinbothcountries.

（c）willtendtomakethewagesinbothcountrieslesssimilar.

（d）willtendtomakewagesequaltoreturnstocapital.

（e）willtendtomakerentsequaltointerestrates.

Answer:

A

5.TheLeontieffParadox

（a）supportedthevalidityoftheRicardiantheoryofcomparativeadvantage.

（b）supportedthevalidityoftheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel.

（c）failedtosupportthevalidityoftheRicardiantheory.

（d）failedtosupportthevalidityoftheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel.

（e）provedthattheU.S.economyisdifferentfromallothers.

Answer:

D

6.TheLeontieffParadox

（a）referstothefindingthatU.S.exportsweremorelaborintensivethanitsimports.

（b）referstothefindingthatU.S.Exportsweremorecapitalintensivethanitsexports.

（c）referstothefindingthattheU.S.producesoutsideitsEdgeworthBox.

（d）stillaccuratelyappliestotoday’spatternofU.S.internationaltrade.

（e）referstothefactthatLeontieff—anAmericaneconomist—hadaRussianname.

Answer:

A

7.The1987studybyBowen,LeamerandSveikauskas

（a）supportedthevalidityoftheLeontieffParadox.

（b）supportedthevalidityoftheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel.

（c）usedatwo-countryandtwo-productframework.

（d）demonstratedthatinfactcountriestendtousedifferenttechnologies.

（e）provedthattheU.S.’scomparativeadvantagereliedonskilledlabor.

Answer:

A

8.EmpiricalobservationsonactualNorth-Southtradepatternstendto

（a）supportthevalidityoftheLeontieffParadox.

（b）supportthevalidityoftheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel.

（c）supportthevalidityoftheRybczynskiTheorem.

（d）supportthevalidityofthewageequalizationtheorem.

（e）supportthevalidityoftheneo-imperialismexploitationtheory.

Answer:

B

9.TheCaseoftheMissingTraderefersto

（a）the9thvolumeoftheHardyBoys’Mysteryseries.

（b）thefactthatworldexportsdoesnotequalworldimports.

（c）thefactthatfactortradeislessthanpredictedbytheHeckscher-Ohlintheory.

（d）thefactthattheHeckscherOhlintheorypredictsmuchlessvolumeoftradethanactuallyexists.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

C

10.IftheUntedStateshadrelativelymorecapitalperworkerthanMexico,andiftheLeontieffParadoxappliedtothistrade,thenasuccessfulexpansionoftradeunderNAFTAbetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStateswouldtendtobenefitwhichgroupintheUnitedStates?

（a）Environmentalists

（b）Capitalists

（c）Workers

（d）Landowners

（e）Skilledlaborwithrelativelyhighlevelsofhumancapital

Answer:

C

11.AccordingtotheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,thesourceofcomparativeadvantageisacountry’s

（a）technology.

（b）advertising.

（c）humancapital.

（d）factorendowments.

（e）Both（a）and（b）.

Answer:

D

12.TheHechscher-Ohlinmodelstatesthatacountrywillhaveacomparativeadvantageinthegoodorservicewhoseproductionisrelativelyintensiveinthe______withwhichthecountryisrelativelyabundant.

（a）tastes

（b）technology

（c）factorofproduction

（d）opportunitycost

（e）scaleeconomy

Answer:

C

13.OnewayinwhichtheHeckscher-OhlinmodeldiffersfromtheRicardomodelofcomparativeadvantageisbyassumingthat__________is（are）identicalinallcountries.

（a）factorofproductionendowments

（b）scaleeconomies

（c）factorofproductionintensities

（d）technology

（e）opportunitycosts

Answer:

D

14.AccordingtotheHecksher-Ohlinmodel,

（a）everyoneautomaticallygainsfromtrade

（b）thescarcefactornecessarilygainsfromtrade

（c）thegainerscouldcompensatethelosersandstillretaingains.

（d）acountrygainsifitsexportshaveahighvalueadded.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

C

15.TheHeckscher-Ohlinmodelassumesthat_____areidenticalinalltradingcountries

（a）tastes

（b）technologies

（c）factorendowments

（d）Both（a）and（b）.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

B

16.AsopposedtotheRicardianmodelofcomparativeadvantage,theassumptionofdiminishingreturnsintheHeckscher-Ohlinmodelmeansthattheprobabilityisgreaterthatwithtrade

（a）countrieswillnotbefullyspecializedinoneproduct.

（b）countrieswillbenefitfromfreeinternationaltrade.

（c）countrieswillconsumeoutsidetheirproductionpossibilityfrontier.

（d）comparativeadvantageisprimarilysupplyrelated.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

A

17.Startingfromanautarky（no-trade）situationwithHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,ifCountryHisrelativelylaborabundant,thenoncetradebegins

（a）wagesandrentsshouldriseinH

（b）wagesandrentsshouldfallinH

（c）wagesshouldriseandrentsshouldfallinH.

（d）wagesshouldfallandrentsshouldriseinH.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

C

18.Whichofthefollowingisfalse（fortheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel）?

（a）Iftastesarenotidenticalinbothcountries,wagesmaystillequalize.

（b）Differencesintechnologiescouldbethesourceofgainsfromtrade.

（c）Somegroupsmaygainandsomemayloseduetotrade.

（d）Gainsforthetrade-relatedwinnerswilltendtobelargerthanlossesoflosers.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

B

19.Iftastesdifferedbetweencountries,thiscouldaffect

（a）wageequalizationduetotradewithnospecialization.

（b）thedirectionoftrade（whoexportswhattowhom）.

（c）thefactthatsomegroupsinacountrymightlosewelfareduetotrade.

（d）thefactthatthecountryasawholewillgainfromtrade.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

B

20.Supposethattherearetwofactors,capitalandland,andthattheUnitedStatesisrelativelylandendowedwhiletheEuropeanUnionisrelativelycapital-endowed.AccordingtotheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,

（a）EuropeanlandownersshouldsupportU.S.-Europeanfreetrade.

（b）EuropeancapitalistsshouldsupportU.S.-Europeanfreetrade.

（c）allcapitalistsinbothcountriesshouldsupportfreetrade.

（d）alllandownersshouldsupportfreetrade.

（e）Noneoftheabove.

Answer:

B

21.AccordingtotheHeckscher-Ohlinmodel,iftheUnitedStatesisrichlyendowedinhuman-capitalrelativetoMexico,thenasNAFTAincreasinglyleadstomorebilateralfreetradebetweenthe

twocountries,

（a）theUnitedStateswillfinditsindustrialbasesuckedintoMexico.

（b）MexicowillfinditsrelativelyhighlyskilledworkersdrawntotheUnitedStates.

（c）ThewagesofhighlyskilledU.S.workerswillbedrawndowntoMexicanlevels.

（d）ThewagesofhighlyskilledMexicanworkerswillrisetothoseintheUnitedStates.

（e）ThewagesofhighlyskilledMexicanworkerswillfalltothoseintheUnitedStates.

Answer:

E

22.Assumethatonlytwocountries,AandB,exist.

Considerthefollowingdata:

Countries

FactorEndowments

A

B

  LaborForce

45

20

  CapitalStock

15

10

IfgoodSiscapitalintensive,thenfollowingtheHeckscher-OhlinTheory,

（a）countryAwillexportgoodS.

（b）countryBwillexportgoodS.

（c）bothcountrieswillexportgoodS.

（d）tradewillnotoccurbetweenthesetwocountries.

（e）Insufficientinformationisgiven.

Answer:

B

23.ContinuingfromQuestion#22,ifyouaretoldthatCountryBisverymuchricherthanCountryA,thenthecorrectansweris:

（a）countryAwillexportgoodS.

（b）countryBwillexportgoodS.

（c）bothcountrieswillexportgoodS.

（d）tradewillnotoccurbetweenthesetwocountries.

（e）insufficientinformationisgiven.

Answer:

B

24.ContinuingfromQuestion#22,youaretoldthatCountryBisverymuchlargerthancountryA.Thecorrectansweris:

（a）countryAwillexportgoodS.

（b）countryBwillexportgoodS.

（c）bothcountrieswillexportgoodS.

（d）tradewillnotoccurbetweenthesetwocountries.

（e）insufficientinformationisgiven.

Answer:

B

25.ContinuingfromQuestion#22,youaretoldthatCountryBhasnominimumwageorchildlaborlaws.Nowthecorrectansweris:

（a）countryAwillexportgoodS.

（b）countryBwillexportgoodS.

（c）bothcountrieswillexportgoodS.

（d）tradewillnotoccurbetweenthesetwocountries.

（e）Insufficientinformationisgiven.

Answer:

B

26.ContinuingfromQuestion#22,younowaretoldthatthelaborunionsrepresentingtheworkersineachofthetworespectivecountriesareconsideringlobbyingagainsttheopeningofinternationaltradebetweenthesetwocountries.Notethatworkers’incomeisderivedsolelyfromwages.

（a）Thiswouldbeamisguideddecisionfromtheviewpointoftheworkersinbothcountries,sincetradeisalwaysbetterthanauta