管理类联考真题英语.docx

管理类联考真题英语.docx

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管理类联考真题英语管理类联考真题英语2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语

（二）SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwithorevenlookingatastrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyonearoundusseemstoagreebythewaytheyfiddlewiththeirphones,evenwithouta1underground.Itsasadrealityourdesiretoavoidinteractingwithotherhumanbeingstheres2tobegainedfromtalkingtothestrangerstandingbyyou.Butyouwouldntknowit,3intoyourphone.Thisuniversalarmorsendsthe4:

“Pleasedontapproachme.”Whatisitthatmakesusfeelweneedtohide5ourscreens?

Oneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonWortmann,executivementalcoach.Wefearrejection,orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe6as“creepy”.Wefearwellbe7.Wefearwellbedisruptive.Strangersareinherently8tous,sowearemorelikelytofeel9whencommunicatingwiththemcomparedwithourfriendsandacquaintances.Toavoidthisanxiety,we10toourphones.“Phonesbecomeoursecurityblanket,”Wortmannsays.“Theyareourhappyglassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobemore11.”Butonceweripoffthebandaid,tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlookup,itdoesnt12sobad.Inone2011experiment,behavioralscientistsNicholasEplayandJulianaSchroederaskedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:

Starta13.TheyhadChicagotraincommuterstalktotheirfellow14.“WhereDr.EpleyandMs.Schroederaskedotherpeopleinthesametrainstationto15howtheywouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir16wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatontheirown,”theNewYorkTimessummarizes.Thoughtheparticipantsdidntexpectapositiveexperience,afterthey17withtheexperiment,”notasinglepersonreportedhavingbeensnubbed.”18,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosesanscommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,19humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.Itsthat20;Talkingtostrangerscanmakeyoufeelconnected.1.AticketBpermitCsignalDrecord2.AnothingBlinkCanotherDmuch3.AbeatenBguidedCpluggedDbrought4.AmessageBcedeCnoticeDsign5.AunderBbeyondCbehindDfrom6.AmisinterpretedBmisappliedCmisadjustedDmismatched7.AfiredBjudgedCreplacedDdelayed8.AunreasonableBungratefulCunconventionalDunfamiliar9.AcomfortableBanxiousCconfidentDangry10.AattendBpointCtakeDturn11.AdangerousBmysteriousCviolentDboring12.AhurtBresistCbendDdecay13.AlectureBconversationCdebateDnegotiation14.AtraineesBemployeesCresearchersDpassengers15.ArevealBchooseCpredictDdesign16.AvoyageBflightCwalkDride17.AwentthroughBdidawayCcaughtupDputup18.AInturnBInparticularCInfactDInconsequence19.AunlessBsinceCifDwhereas20.AfunnyBsimpleClogicalDrareSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）Text1Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys,peopleareactuallymorestressedathomethanatwork.Researchersmeasuredpeoplescortisol,whichisstressmarker,whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundithigheratwhatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge.“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathome,”writesoneoftheresearchers,SarahDamaske.Infactwomenevensaytheyfeelbetteratwork,shenotes,“Itismen,notwomen,whoreportbeinghappierathomethanatwork.”Anothersurpriseisthatthefindingsholdtrueforboththosewithchildrenandwithout,butmoresofornonparents.Thisiswhypeoplewhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterhealth.Whatthestudydoesntmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingworkwhentheyreathome,whetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthomefromtheoffice.Formanymen,theendoftheworkdayisatimetokickback.Forwomenwhostayhome,theynevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome,theyoftenareplayingcatch-up-with-householdtasks.Withtheblurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkplaceinmakingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,itsnotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedathome.Butitsnotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhattheyresupposedtobedoing:

working,makingmoney,doingthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawanincome.Thebargainisverypure:

Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola.Onthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthehouseholdinwhichthedivisionoflaborissoclinicallyandmethodicallylaidout.Therearealotoftaskstobedone,thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem.Yourhomecolleagues-yourfamily-havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalkedintoit,oriftheyreteenagers,threatenedwithcompleteremovalofallelectronicdevices.Plus,theyreyourfamily.Youcannotfireyourfamily.Youneverreallygettogohomefromhome.Soitsnotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Notonlyarethetasksapparentlyinfinite,theco-workersaremuchhardertomotivate.21AccordingtoParagraph1,mostprevioussurveysfoundthathome_.AwasanunrealisticplaceforrelaxationBgeneratedmorestressthantheworkplaceCwasanidealplaceforstressmeasurementDofferedgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplace22AccordingtoDamaske,whoarelikelytobethehappiestathome?

AWorkingmothersBChildlesshusbandsCChildlesswivesDWorkingfathers23Theblurringofworkingwomensrolesreferstothefactthat_.AtheyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewivesBtheirhomeisalsoaplaceforkickingbackCthereisoftenmuchhouseworkleftbehindDitisdifficultforthemtoleavetheiroffice24Theword“moola”（Line4,Para4）mostprobablymeans_.AenergyBskillsCearningsDnutrition25Thehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkplaceinthat_.AhomeishardlyacozierworkingenvironmentBdivisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cutChouseholdtasksaregenerallymoremotivatingDfamilylaborisoftenadequatelyrewardedText2Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents-thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree-lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated“aparadox”inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas“continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclosed”achievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalScience.Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach（whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram）canclose63percentoftheachievementgap（measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades）betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students（whocompletedtheproject）atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegree.Mostofthefirst-generationstudents（59.1percent）wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswitatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.Theirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact-wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.Manyfirst-generationstudents“struggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation,learntherulesofthegame,andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources,”theywrite.Andthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollagesdonttalkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudents.BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudentseducationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslacksightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudentslikethemcanimprove.26Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas_.AreducedtheirdropoutratesBnarrowedtheachievementgapCmisseditsoriginalpurposeDdepressedcollegestudents27Theauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause_.AtheproblemissolvableBtheirapproachiscostlessCtherecruitingratehasincreasedDtheirfindingappealtostudents28Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents_.AstudyatprivateuniversitiesBarefromsingle-parentfamiliesCareinneedoffinancialsupportDhavefailedtheircollege29Theauthorofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generationstudents_.AareactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgapBcanhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherstudentsCmaylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojectsDareinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege30Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat_.Auniversitiesoftenrejectthecultureofthemiddle-classBstudentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresourcesCsocialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiencesDcollegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestionText3Evenintraditionaloffices,“thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahasgottenmuc