节能减排外文文献1.docx

节能减排外文文献1.docx

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节能减排外文文献1

外文文献原稿和译文

原稿

THEDEVELOPMENTOFTHECAR

KarlBenz,Germany'sdaimler-benzfamousautomobilecompanyisoneofthefoundersofoneofthepioneersofmodernautomobileindustry,calledthe\"father\"ofthecar,\"car\".In1885,hedevelopedintoatricyclewith0.85horsepowergasolineengine,thisisthefirstcarintheworld.Almostatthesametime,anotherGermanengineergothic,Daimleralsodevelopedause1.1HPgasolineengineaspoweroffour-wheelcar.

Butthefirstoneontheproductionlineofassemblyoffour-wheelvehiclemodelTfordwasbornintheUnitedStatesin1908.FordmodelTchangethemodellingofpreviouscarhorsemodel,combinedwiththeinnovationandimprovementoffunctionconfiguration,Ithasbecomeacitywasthebestpersonaltransport.

Carafterbirth,bringusgreatconvenience,atthesametimeitselfhastremendousdevelopment.Materialadoptsfullmetalbody,themonocoquebodytomonocoquebody,carisnolongerthesimplesumofthechassisandbodybutbecomewhole.Frontenginerearwheeldrivelayoutandthefirsttransmission,plusthenacellecoverheightandthereducingofthepassengerseat,etc.,theoutlineofthemoderncarprototype.

IfGermanyinventedthecar,theUnitedStatesputtheindustryintothetempleoftheartdesign,itwillhavetomentionharryelthismasterofthegreatestcardesignandhecreatedbyharryelera.Harryelintodevisedaftergmhasroundedlines,taperedtail,longlowprofileCadillac.Harryeljoinedthechromiumplatedadornment.Incardesignandintroducesclaymodeltechnology,makethecarmoreflexibleshape.Thefirstconceptcarintheworldandhisdesignedbuick.

Thegreatdepressionofthe1930stotheendofworldwariifor20years,isoneoftheimportantperiod,cardesigntomodernautomobiledesignadoptsstreamlinedandshiptypecar.

Europeaheadintermsofstreamlinedesign.Italiangiuseppemerosi1913yearstocountricotticompanydesigncarwasstreamlinedtheearlyworks.Duetotherecession,Americanmanufacturersarerealizingthataerodynamicsisimportantinthesavefuel.Streamlineinthe30sisalmostsynonymouswithfashion.Headstockwider,tyrebales,headlampsinfront,hungintherearofthefree-standingtrunkandtherearofthebeinharmonyareanorganicwhole,laidaprototypeofthemodernsalooncar.Chryslerairflowin1934adoptedthelightermonocoquebody,reachedthefrontaxleof54:

46qualitydistribution（atthattimethesameproductsas\"0）sharplyincreasedthemanipulation.Inthe40s,streamlinedtrendasfashionfades.RepresentedbybuickJjobofthenewtypeofcarhasaprominentnoseanddowntherear,becomeashipbody.Duringthistime,becausetheEuropeanmanufacturersinengineeringtechnologyhasmadegreatprogress,Citroeninthe30swillindependentfrontsuspensionandfront-wheeldrivetechnologyinlargescaleusedinthecar.Inordertoreduceweight,italsoadoptedthemonocoquebodyfromthecar.Theendofthe19thcentury,thecar'stopspeedreached50km/h,openthebodytomakethetransitiontotheenclosedbody.

In1974wasanimportantyear,Mario.Gandhi,lamborghiniandGeorgeroyadesignofVolkswagengolfwasbornintheyear,markingthevarietyanddesignofrectangularplane,theyadoptright-angledecadesofcurvemodellingdroppopularaestheticruthlessputaside.Asaccuratelymadeseveralusedwithcomplexlineiscomposedofdifferentmaterialsandthestructureofthecurvedsurfacepartsandthedifficultyoftheperfectcombinationtogethermuchmoreoftenthanbuildafewsetofbuildingblocks,sotheboxyshapeinthe80sboom.

Affectedbytheoilcrisisinthe1970s,80srelativefiscaldifficulties,thepracticaldevelopmentofcarsbegantodiversification.Frommilitary,agricultural,expeditioninareassuchasdesign,withaspecial"lackofstyle"nostalgiaandstrongpracticalfeatures,inthecarworldmakingwavesandlaterbecameafashion.ThemostcanreflecttheshiftofAmericanjeepgraduallybecomeapartoftheAmericanculturallandscapeafter40s.Bornin1974,thefirstjeep,becomeajeepinthehistoryofthemostsuccessfulseries.Butaffectedbytheoilcrisis,peoplebegintopaycloseattentiontomoreexquisite,lookmorelikeacarsportsutilityvehicle.Thenew1984jeepgrandCherokee,jeepbeforeruggedoff-roadvehicleshasbecomeafashionablecitycar.

Withmodernrapideconomicdevelopment,peoplemorethepursuitofindividualcharacter,moreselective,morediversified,atthesametime,italsoleadstoawidevarietyofstylesofcardesignsuchage.Oneoftheclassicdoctrine,whichcontainsmanylayers.Layeristhedesigneritselfclassichonorandrespectforthepast,isanotherlayerofdesignertryingtogivetheirowncolorintheoriginalclassicmodels,andtrytouseclassicalmodelsopenupanewroadforthecompany.Anotherbranchisnewclassic,traditionalistofollow,butstillmoretobeonthebasisoftheinnovation.Inthelate90sbentleyandRolls-RoycebuyoutbyVolkswagenandBMWrespectively,thenundertheactionofthenewdesignteamtolaunchthecontinentalGTandphantom,thoughhasanewlook,butstillhasrespectfortradition,thatitcancontinuetogrow.Moreimportant,wingerandstreamline,althoughtheyhavedifferentcharacteristics,butitcan'tgetawayfromeachotherinthedesignofimpact,saythesometimes-complexmix-and-matchIhaveyou.Winger（newsocialistedge）designconceptiswidelyconsideredfromfordGT90began.Widesurface,sharpcorner,sharptransition,lineisdecisiveandfulloftension,andthedifferencewithfruityandfluentmodellingstyle,designpaymoreattentiontothelineistheadministrativelevels,thistothedesignofthelineemphasizesonvisualfeelinglettingapersonmodelsizeismorebig,isverysuitableforcompactdesign.Soisquitepopularwiththemanufacturers,mercedes-benza-classrepresentativemodel.Asyoucansee,winger,stillcannotgetridoftheflowintheprocessoftheimplementationofthesocialism,ifthereisnoflow,smallcarscanonlybedesignedabox,alackofbeauty,ofcourse,undertheinfluenceofthewinger'sdoctrine,streamlinedesignmoresportsandfashion,itappearedinthelate90ssomesportscarcanbeseen,suchasthefirstgenerationoftheaudiTT,fordthunderbird,carfullofvigourandmomentum.Afterenteringthe21stcentury,fromthecurrentcardesigntrends,thewingerorovercomethestreamline,eitherininteriororexteriorlinesallpursueextremelytoughline.Thislinecanmakecarslookstrong,verysafe,butthedisadvantageisthatitforcescarsbecomelongerandmorewide.Thiscanbefromtheconditionofthebiggercar,butforthelargecarsandsportscarsisveryappropriate,moreclassicsuchasChrysler300c,lamborghiniGALLARDO,etc.

Puttingforwardalongwiththelowcarboneconomy,energyconservationandemissionreduction,greencars,energyconservationandemissionsreductionhasbecomethemainmelodyofthedevelopmentofautomobileindustrytoday,however,inthefaceofincreasinglyprominentasaresultofincreasedcartrafficcongestionproblem,securityproblem,expertssayonly"green"isnotenough,thefutureofnewenergyvehiclesshouldbecombinedwith"intelligent"vehicles,itwillbethedevelopmentdirectionofautomobileindustry.Withthedevelopmentoftheautomobileelectronictechnology,autointelligenttechnologyisgraduallyapplied,thistechnologymakestheautocontrolismoreandmoresimple,performanceandfueleconomyismoreandmorehigh,drivingsafetyisgettingbetterandbetter,therefore,intelligentisthetrendofthedevelopmentofthefuture.Car's"green"and"intelligent"complementeachotherandcommondevelopment.Markedgreencarswithlowemissionsandzeroemissions,partorallofthemotordrive,asaresultofelectrification.Eachsystemelectrificationhasenteredthecar,thetrendwillfurtherspeedup,andwillbringrevolutionarychangeautoindustry.Andtheadventoftheeraofelectrificationforthedevelopmentofautointelligentlaidthenecessarytechnicalfoundation,thetransitionfromtraditionalvehicletothesmartcarneedsabreakthroughinmanytechnology,acceleratethedevelopmentofautomotiveelectronics,forthecar's"green"and"intelligent".

Carhasbeenintegratedintoourlives,butalsograduallybecameavaluableculture,isalsowillhaveasignificantimpactonourlives.

PepsiCo'snewideas,newthinking,newmanagementtoChina'sautoindustryhasinjectednewvitality,especiallysincetheexternalpressureofcompetition,carmakerstotheattentionoftheenterprisemanagement,enterprise'sinternaldesireforthemodernlogisticsoperationandurgent,alltheseallmakethecurrentChina'sautomobileenterprisesnomatterfromthescale,networkandservicefunctionoflogisticsoperationandscope,comprehensivestrengthhasbeenonthequality.WiththerapidexpansionofChina'sautomarketthisbigcake,sometraditionalpowerstrongerthancarcompaniesarealsobeginningtobrewinginto.Atpresent,China'sautoenterprisesmainlyhasfourkindsofforms:

oneisfromthetraditionaltransportationenterprisetransformation;Separatedfromtheautomobilemanufacturingenterprise;Threeisalongwiththemarketriseofprivateenterprises;Fourisasino-foreignjointventureenterprise.Althoughenterprisesystemandthenature,butonethingisthesame,thatistheunderstandingoftheconceptofmodernlogisticsandsupplychainindeepening,inperfect.Fromthedevelopmentpointofview,especiallythosewhorelyontheirownlogisticsmanagementexperience,throughthemanagementoflogisticsstorageandtransportenterprisefortheman